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Measures of Variabilty

Variance

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Rossel Jane Campillo
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29 views19 pages

Measures of Variabilty

Variance

Uploaded by

Rossel Jane Campillo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MEASURES OF

VARIABILITY
PREPARED BY:
ROSSEL JANE H. CAMPILLO
Give the name of the following
symbols:
1. 𝜇
2. 𝑥ҧ
3. 𝜎
4. 𝑠𝑑
2
5. 𝜎
6. 𝑁
Variability
 describes how the scores are
scattered around that central point.
 measures the degree to which the
scores are spread out or clustered
together in a distribution
 Describes the set of scores in terms
of their spread, or heterogeneity
Consider two groups of scores
Group 1 = 9, 5, 1;
group 2 = 5, 6, 4
• Both have a mean and
median of 5 but group 2 has
much more homogeneous or
similar scores than group 1
Measures of Variability
 Range
- Interquartile Range (IQR)
 Variance
 Standard Deviation
Range
- The range is the total distance
covered by the distribution, from the
highest score to the lowest score
(using the upper and lower real limits
of the range).
- Range = HS - LS
Note: The larger the value of the range
the more dispersed the observation.
Range
Range = largest score - smallest score
Range = 615 - 425 = 190
425 430 430 435 435 435 435 435 440 440
440 440 440 445 445 445 445 445 450 450
450 450 450 450 450 460 460 460 465 465
465 470 470 472 475 475 475 480 480 480
480 485 490 490 490 500 500 500 500 510
510 515 525 525 525 535 549 550 570 570
575 575 580 590 600 600 600 600 615 615
Interquartile Range
 The interquartile range of a data set is the difference
between the third quartile and the first quartile.

 It is the range for the middle 50% of the data.

 It overcomes the sensitivity to extreme data values.


Interquartile Range
3rd Quartile (Q3) = 525
1st Quartile (Q1) = 445
Interquartile Range = Q3 - Q1 = 525 - 445 = 80
425 430 430 435 435 435 435 435 440 440
440 440 440 445 445 445 445 445 450 450
450 450 450 450 450 460 460 460 465 465
465 470 470 472 475 475 475 480 480 480
480 485 490 490 490 500 500 500 500 510
510 515 525 525 525 535 549 550 570 570
575 575 580 590 600 600 600 600 615 615
The difference between the Range and IQR

These values
fall together
closely
Shows greater
variability

Yet the ranges are Importance of the


equal! IQR
Variance
 a measure of variability that uses
all the data
 based on the difference between
each observation (xi) and the
mean (𝑥ҧ for the sample and μ for
the population).
The variance is the average of the
squared differences between the
observations and the mean value

 ( x   ) 2
For the population: 2  i
N

 ( x  x ) 2
s2  i
For the sample: n 1
The standard deviation
- the square root of the variance
- measured in the same units as the
data, making it easy to interpret.
- The more the scores differ from the
mean, the higher the standard
deviation (s)
Computing a standard deviation

( xi   ) 2
For the population: 
N

( xi  x ) 2
For the sample: s
n 1
Note:
 If there is a large amount of variation,
then on the average, the data values
will be far from the mean. Hence the
SD will be large.
 If there is only a small amount of
variation, then on the average, the
data values will be close to the mean.
Hence, the SD will be small.
Coefficient of Variation
Just divide the standard
deviation by the mean
and multiply times 100

Computing the coefficient


of variation:


100 For the population

s
 100 For the sample
x
Coefficient of Variation
  29
1
  84
2

 1
 4.6  2
 10
 100  100
C.V .  
1
1
C.V .  
2
2

1 2

4.6 10
 100  100
29 84
 15.86  11.90
The bell curve which represents a normal distribution
of data shows what standard deviation represents.
One standard deviation
away from the mean 𝜇 in
either direction on the
horizontal axis accounts
for around 68 percent
of the data. Two
standard deviations
away from the mean
accounts for roughly 95
percent of the data
with three standard
deviations representing
about 99 percent of the
data.

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