Angles and Their

Measurements
Prepared By:
Still John F. Reyes

1
Rectangular Coordinate System
Definitions
• X-axis – the horizontal axis
• Y –axis – the vertical axis
• Rectangular coordinate system: where the x-
axis and the y-axis intersect
• Ordered pair: identifies the location of a point on
the rectangular coordinate system
• (x coordinate, y coordinate)
• Origin: (0,0) – intersection of the x and y axis
• Quadrant: a section of the rectangular
coordinate system 2
3
 How to graph a point?
 First Locate the origin  Third, graph your y -
 Second, graph your x coordinate:
-coordinate:  IFthe value of your y-
 IF the value of your x coordinate is positive
coordinate is positive move up, if negative
move to the right, if move down
negative move to the
left
How to identify the quadrant?
 First – locate where
your point is
 Second – check your
graph on which
quadrant it is in.
In this section, we will study the following topics:

 Terminology used to describe angles

 Degree measure of an angle
 Radian measure of an angle
 Converting between radian and degree measure
 Coterminal angles
 Angles in a triangle

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Angles
Section 4.1, Figure 4.1, Terminal and
Initial Side of an Angle , pg. 248
Angle Measure

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Digital Figures, 4–2 7
 Standard Position
Section 4.1, Figure 4.2, Standard
Position of an Angle, pg. 248

Vertex at origin

The initial side of an angle

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Digital Figures, 4–3
in standard position is always located
on the positive x-axis.

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Positive and negative
Section 4.1, Figureangles
4.3, Positive and
Negative Angles, pg. 248

When sketching angles,

always use an arrow to
show direction.

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Digital Figures, 4–4

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 Measuring Angles
 The measure of an angle is determined by the
amount of rotation from the initial side to the
terminal side.

 There are two common ways to measure angles, in

degrees and in radians.

 We’ll start with degrees, denoted by the symbol º.

1
 One degree (1º) is equivalent to a rotation of
360
of one revolution.

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Section 4.1, Figure 4.13, Common Degree
Measures on the Unit Circle, pg. 251
Measuring Angles

1
360

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 11

Digital Figures, 4–9
Classifying Angles

Angles are often classified according to the quadrant

in which their terminal sides lie.

Ex: Name the quadrant in which each angle lies.

50º Quadrant 1
208º Quadrant 3 II I

-75º Quadrant 4 III IV

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Classifying Angles

 Standard position angles that have their terminal

side on one of the axes are called quadrantal
angles.

 For example, 0º, 90º, 180º, 270º, 360º, … are

quadrantal angles.

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Coterminal Angles
 AnglesSection
that have theFigure
4.1, same 4.4,
initial and terminal
Coterminal
Angles, pg. 248
sides are coterminal.

Angles  and  are coterminal.

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Digital Figures, 4–5
14
 Example of Finding Coterminal Angles

 You can find an angle that is coterminal to a given angle 

by adding or subtracting multiples of 360º.

Ex:
Find one positive and one negative angle that are
coterminal to 112º.

For a positive coterminal angle, add 360º : 112º + 360º = 472º

For a negative coterminal angle, subtract 360º: 112º - 360º = -248º

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Degree System of Angular Measure

1° (one degree) = 60’ (60 minutes)

1’ (one minute) = 60” (60 seconds)
360° (360 degrees) = 1 revolution
There are two ways of measuring angles:
1. Degrees, Minutes, Seconds (DMS)
2. Decimal Degrees

Examples:
Express each angle measure using DMS
1) 10.5° 2) 42.72°
Express the ff. in decimal degrees
1) 95° 45’ 45”
Exercises
1. Find one positive and one negative angle
that is coterminal with the angle  = 30°
in standard position.
2. Find one positive and one negative angle
that is coterminal with the angle  = 272
in standard position.
3. Express 27.3° using DMS.
4. Express 28° 18’ 36” in decimal degrees.

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Do Worksheet 1

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Radian Measure
A second way to measure angles is in radians.
Definition of Radian:
One radian is the4.1,
Section measure
Figureof4.5,
a central angleof that intercepts
Illustration
arc s equal in length to the radius
Arc Length, pg. 249 r of the circle.

In general,
s

r

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Digital Figures, 4–6 20
Radian Measure

2 radians corresponds to 360 2  6.28

 radians corresponds to 180   3.14
 
Section 4.1,
radians corresponds 90 4.6, Illustration of
toFigure  1.57
2 Six Radian Lengths, pg. 249 2

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Digital Figures, 4–7 21
 Section 4.1, Figure 4.7, Common
Radian Measure
Radian Angles, pg. 249

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Conversions Between Degrees and Radians

1. To convert degrees to radians, multiply

degrees by 
180

2. To convert radians to degrees, multiply

radians by 180


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 Ex. Convert the degrees to radian measure.

a) 60

b) 30
Ex. Convert the radians to degrees.


a) rad
6

b) rad
2
 Ex. Find one positive and one negative angle that is

coterminal with the angle  = in standard position.
3

Ex. Find one positive and one negative angle that is

7
coterminal with the angle  = in standard position.
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Interior Angles of a Triangle
 The sum of the interior angles of any
triangle is 180°.
 In a right triangle, the sum of the acute
angles is 90°. The two angles are said to
be complementary angles.
 Two angles with a sum of 180° is said to
be supplementary angles.

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Examples
1) Given: ∆ABC, if angle A=95°, angle
B=45°, find angle C.
2) Given: ∆ABC is a right triangle and angle
B=46° 20’, find angle A.

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Exercises


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Applications of Angle
Measures

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Arc Length and Central Angles

s  r
s  arc length (length of the intercepte d arc)
  central angle measured in radians

r  radius
Example
 Find the measure of a rotation in radians
when a point 2 m from the center of
rotation travels 4 m.
s  r
4   2
2 
Example
 Findthe length of an arc of a circle of
radius 5 cm associated with an angle of
/3 radians. s  r
 
s   5
3
5
s
3
Linear & Angular Velocity
Things that turn have both a
linear velocity and an angular velocity.
Linear Velocity
Definition:

Linear Velocity is distance/time:

s
v Distance

Linear t Time
Speed
Angular Velocity
Definition:
Angular Velocity is turn/time:

Rotation in

 radians


Angular
Speed
t
Time
(omega)
Linear & Angular Velocity
s
Definition of Linear Velocity: v
t
Recall Arc Length Formula r
v
t
Linear Velocity in terms of Angular Velocity: v  r
Let us take 2 pendulums hung on a
slim rotating rod for analysis.
 If the 2 pendulums (A and B) rotate one
full cycle, the time taken by them is the
same.

They covered the same amount of

angular distance (360 degree) within the
same amount of time.

This showed that they have exactly

the SAME angular speed.

But is the Linear speed the same?

Let us take 2 pendulums hung on a
slim rotating rod for analysis.
 The length of the 2 circumferences
travelled by the individual pendulums
are not the same.
The linear length or distance is
therefore NOT the same.
Length = 2 x (pi) x radius = 2πr
They took the same time to complete
one full cycle, though.
The linear speed is thus DIFFERENT,
having travelled different length for the
same amount of time.
Example: 1800 km

A satellite traveling in a circular

orbit approximately 1800 km. 6400 km
above the surface of Earth
takes 2.5 hrs. to make an orbit.
The radius of the earth is Earth

approximately 6400 km.

a) Approximate the linear speed Not to scale
of the satellite in kilometers per
hour.
b) Approximate the distance the
satellite travels in 3.5 hrs.
Example: 1800 km

r = 6400 + 1800 = 8200

t = 2.5 hrs. 6400 km

a) Approximate the linear speed

of the satellite in kilometers per Earth
hour. r
v
t
82002 
Not to scale

v
2.5
v  6560 km / hr
Example: 1800 km

r = 6400 + 1800 = 8200

t = 2.5 hrs. v  6560 km / hr 6400 km

b) Approximate the distance the

satellite travels in 3.5 hrs. Earth
s
v
t Not to scale
s
6560 
3.5
s  22960 km
A small pulley 6 cm in diameter is
connected by a belt to a larger pulley
15cm in diameter. The small pulley is
turning at 120 revolutions/rotations per
minute (rpm).
a) Find the angular velocity of the small pulley in
radians per second.
b) Find the linear velocity of the rim of the small
pulley.
A small pulley 6 cm in diameter is
connected by a belt to a larger pulley
15cm in diameter. The small pulley is
turning at 120 rpm.
a) Find the angular velocity of the small pulley in
radians per second.
120 rotations 2 1 min
  
1 min 1rotation 60 sec

 4 radians / sec
A small pulley 6 cm in diameter is
connected by a belt to a larger pulley
15cm in diameter. The small pulley is
turning at 120 rpm.   4 radians / sec
b) Find the linear velocity of the rim of the small
pulley. v  r
v  3cm4 radians / sec
v  12 cm / sec
Exercises
1. Find the length of the arc intercepted by a
central angle of measure 2.5 radians in a
circle whose radius is 15 cm.
2. A central angle of 38° intercepts an arc of
5 meters. Find the radius of the circle.
3. A flywheel 6 ft. in diameter makes 40
rpm.
a. Find its angular velocity in radians per
second.
b. Find the speed of the belt that drives the
flywheel. 46
Do Worksheet 2

47