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Lec 13 - Variation of Parameters

1. The method of variation of parameters solves non-homogeneous differential equations by finding a particular solution of the form up1(x)y1(x) + up2(x)y2(x), where y1 and y2 are the solutions to the homogeneous equation. 2. Two conditions are imposed on the arbitrary functions up1 and up2 to simplify the calculations: the particular solution must satisfy the differential equation, and one condition is chosen to simplify the calculations. 3. Equations involving the derivatives of up1 and up2 are set up and solved to find expressions for up1 and up2, and hence the particular solution.

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Jege Mongcal Javier
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581 views22 pages

Lec 13 - Variation of Parameters

1. The method of variation of parameters solves non-homogeneous differential equations by finding a particular solution of the form up1(x)y1(x) + up2(x)y2(x), where y1 and y2 are the solutions to the homogeneous equation. 2. Two conditions are imposed on the arbitrary functions up1 and up2 to simplify the calculations: the particular solution must satisfy the differential equation, and one condition is chosen to simplify the calculations. 3. Equations involving the derivatives of up1 and up2 are set up and solved to find expressions for up1 and up2, and hence the particular solution.

Uploaded by

Jege Mongcal Javier
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Variation of

Parameters
Method for Non-Homogeneous Equations
The Method of Variation of Parameters
Suppose we have already solved the homogeneous
equation ay + by + cy = 0 and written the solution as

1 y(x) = c1y1(x) + c2y2(x)

where y1 and y2 are linearly independent solutions.

Let’s replace the constants (or parameters) c1 and c2 in


Equation 1 by arbitrary functions and u1(x) and u2(x).

We look for a particular solution of the


nonhomogeneous equation ay + by + cy = G(x) of
the form
yp(x) = u1(x) y1(x) + u2(x) y2(x) 2
Differentiating Equation 2

3
Since u1 and u2 are arbitrary functions, we can impose
two conditions on them.
One condition is that yp is a solution of the differential
equation; we can choose the other condition so as to
simplify our calculations.
In view of the expression in Equation 3, let’s
impose the condition that
4
Then
Substituting in the differential equation

But y1 and y2 are solutions of the complementary


equation, so

and Equation 5 simplifies to


6
Equations 3 and 5 form a system of two equations in the
unknown functions and .

After solving this system we may be able to integrate to find


u1 and u2 then the particular solution is given by Equation 2.
Using Wronkians Method:
Example
Solve the equation y + y = tan x, 0 < x <  /2.
Solution:
y + y = 0 m2 + 1 = 0 m = i
yc = c1 sin x + c2 cos x.

Using variation of parameters


yp = u1 sin x + u2 cos x

Set
y + y = tan x

Solving simultaneously :
u2 = sin x – ln(sec x + tan x)
yp = u1 sin x + u2 cos x

= –cos x ln(sec x + tan x)

y = c1sin x + c2cos x – cos x ln(sec x + tan x)


Using Wronskian y + y = tan x, 0 < x <  /2.
Method:
yc = c1 sin x + c2 cos x.
u2 = sin x – ln(sec x + tan x)

yp = u1 sin x + u2 cos x

= – cos x ln(sec x + tan x)

y = c1sin x + c2cos x – cos x ln(sec x + tan x)


Example
Solving for yc:
m = 2 ; m=3

Solving for yp:

Set:
Substitute in:

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