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Parallel Structure Powerpoint

The document discusses maintaining parallel structure when writing lists or comparisons. It provides examples of parallel and non-parallel constructions and explains that elements in a list or items being compared should be in the same grammatical form. Changing the form, such as from a clause to a phrase, or between active and passive voice, breaks parallelism. The key to parallel structure is consistency in wording and form across all elements.

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Wahyu
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118 views

Parallel Structure Powerpoint

The document discusses maintaining parallel structure when writing lists or comparisons. It provides examples of parallel and non-parallel constructions and explains that elements in a list or items being compared should be in the same grammatical form. Changing the form, such as from a clause to a phrase, or between active and passive voice, breaks parallelism. The key to parallel structure is consistency in wording and form across all elements.

Uploaded by

Wahyu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Using the same pattern of words to

show that two or more ideas have the


same level of importance.
 The usual way to join parallel structures is
with the use of coordinating conjunctions
such as “and” or “or.”
 Words and Phrases
 With the -ing form (gerund) of words:
 Parallel Example: Mary likes hiking, swimming, and bicycling.
 With infinitive phrases:
 Parallel Example: Mary likes to hike, to swim, and to ride a
bicycle.
OR
Mary likes to hike, swim, and ride a bicycle.
 (Note: You can use "to" before all the verbs in a sentence or only before the first
one.
 Example 1
 Not Parallel:
Mary likes hiking, swimming, and to ride a bicycle.
 Parallel:
Mary likes hiking, swimming, and riding a bicycle.
 Example 2
 Not Parallel:
The production manager was asked to write his
report quickly, accurately, and in a detailed manner.
 Parallel:
The production manager was asked to write his
report quickly, accurately, and thoroughly.
 Not Parallel:
The teacher said that he was a poor student
because he waited until the last minute to
study for the exam, completed his lab
problems in a careless manner, and his
motivation was low.
 Parallel:
The teacher said that he was a poor student
because he waited until the last minute to
study for the exam, completed his lab
problems in a careless manner, and lacked
motivation.
A parallel structure that begins with clauses
must keep on with clauses. Changing to
another pattern or changing the voice of the
verb (from active to passive or vice versa)
will break the parallelism.
 Not Parallel:
The coach told the players that they should get a
lot of sleep, that they should not eat too much,
and to do some warm-up exercises before the
game.
 Parallel:
The coach told the players that they should get a
lot of sleep, that they should not eat too much,
and that they should do some warm-up exercises
before the game.
 — or — Parallel:
The coach told the players that they should get a
lot of sleep, not eat too much, and do some
warm-up exercises before the game.
 Not Parallel:
The salesman expected that he would
present his product at the meeting, that
there would be time for him to show his slide
presentation, and that questions would be
asked by prospective buyers. (passive)
 Parallel:
The salesman expected that he would
present his product at the meeting, that
there would be time for him to show his slide
presentation, and that prospective buyers
would ask him questions.
 Be sure to keep all the elements in a list in
the same form.
 Example 1

 Not Parallel:
The dictionary can be used to find: word meanings,
pronunciations, correct spellings, and looking up irregular
verbs.
 Parallel:
The dictionary can be used to find: word meanings,
pronunciations, correct spellings, and irregular verbs.
 Skim your paper, pausing at the words "and" and
"or." Check on each side of these words to see
whether the items joined are parallel. If not,
make them parallel.
 If you have several items in a list, put them in a
column to see if they are parallel.
 Listen to the sound of the items in a list or the
items being compared. Do you hear the same
kinds of sounds? For example, is there a series of
"-ing" words beginning each item? Or do your
hear a rhythm being repeated? If something is
breaking that rhythm or repetition of sound,
check to see if it needs to be made parallel.

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