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1 Introduction To Ems

Emergency medical services developed from care provided during wartime in the early 1900s. By the 1960s, emergency care lagged behind what was available in other countries. The Highway Safety Act and Emergency Medical Services Act of 1966 helped establish standards and funding for emergency medical services. This led to the development of EMT training programs and establishment of EMS systems across the US by 1980. The Star of Life symbol was also developed in the 1960s and came to represent emergency medical services. [/SUMMARY]

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Michael Rebato
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829 views32 pages

1 Introduction To Ems

Emergency medical services developed from care provided during wartime in the early 1900s. By the 1960s, emergency care lagged behind what was available in other countries. The Highway Safety Act and Emergency Medical Services Act of 1966 helped establish standards and funding for emergency medical services. This led to the development of EMT training programs and establishment of EMS systems across the US by 1980. The Star of Life symbol was also developed in the 1960s and came to represent emergency medical services. [/SUMMARY]

Uploaded by

Michael Rebato
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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 Emergency care developed during warfare at

the beginning of the 20th century.


 By the 1960s, domestic emergency care lagged
behind.
 Staffed emergency departments were often
limited to large urban areas.
• Highway Safety Act and the Emergency
Medical Act created funding
• DOT developed the first National Standard
Curriculum for training EMTs in the early
1970s
• EMS established in most of the United States
by 1980
are a branch of emergency services
dedicated to providing out-of-hospital acute
medical care and/or transport to definitive
care, to patients with illnesses and injuries
which the patient, or the medical
practitioner, believes constitutes a medical
emergency.

4
 Emergency care developed
during warfare at the
beginning of the 20th
century. It followed after the
disastrous evacuation o
wounded soldiers in the
Battle of Bull Run in
Virginia. Rucker Ambulance
was developed. Taken from
its designer Brigadier
General Daniel H. Rucker.
Jonathan Letterman, MD

He devised a plan for


ambulance operation;
detailed the deployment
of ambulance, where to
transport; described the
duties of the “steward”;
trained personnel and
created criteria for staff.

6
Cincinnati General Hospital
started the first ambulance service

Grady Hospital in Atlanta


- Holds the distinction of being the
nation’s longest continuously running
ambulance service

7
Soldiers injured in battle in a
foreign country had a better
chance of receiving state-of-the
art care than civilians at home

8
 1950s marked the birth of the
“Breath of life” as a technique
being taught to rescuers by the
“Father of Resuscitation” Dr.
Peter Safar; published The ABC
of Resuscitation in 1957
 Accidental Death and
Disability: The Neglected
Disease of Modern Society
(1966)
 Recommended:
– Development of training
– Development of federal guidelines and policies
– Provide emergency care and transport
– Establish staffed emergency departments
 Highway Safety Act of 1966 and the Emergency Medical
Act created funding
 DOT developed the first National Standard Curriculum
for training EMTs in the early 1970s; NREMT was
established.
 EMS established in most of the United States by 1980
The TV show Emergency!
Hit the airwaves and
changed what the public
knew about EMS

11
 Emergency medical services exists to fulfil the
basic principles of first aid, which are to
Preserve Life, Prevent Further Injury, and
Promote Recovery.
 Dr. Leo Schwartz, Chief of the EMS of NHTSA
designed the “Star of Life” from American
Medical Association
 This common theme in medicine is
demonstrated by the star of life, where each of
the 'arms' to the star represent one of the 6
points

12
1. Early Detection
2. Early Reporting
3. Early Response
4. Good on Scene Care
5. Care in Transit
6. Transfer to Definitive Care

13
The Star of Life is a blue, six-pointed star, outlined
with a white border which features the rod of
Asclepius in the center, originally designed and
governed by the U.S. National Highway Traffic
Safety Administration (NHTSA) (under the United
States Department of Transportation, DOT).
Traditionally in the United States the logo was used
as a stamp of authentication or certification for
ambulances, paramedics or other EMS personnel.
Internationally, it represents emergency medical
services (EMS) units and personnel.

14
The Star of Life has traditionally been used as a
means of identification for medical personnel,
equipment, and vehicles. Many ambulance services
mark the symbol on their vehicles, and ambulance
crews often wear the design as part of their uniform.
It appears on various medical textbooks as well as
on a wide range of merchandise aimed at the medic
market. In hospitals and other buildings, elevators
that are marked with the symbol indicate that the
elevator is large enough to hold a stretcher.

15
16
 First Aider
 Emergency
Medical
Responder
 EMT-Basic
 EMT-Advance
 EMT-Paramedic
 Emergency Medical Responder- typically 40hrs
generally do not work on patient transport

 EMT- typically 120hrs minimum’ entry level


provider for EMS

 Advanced EMT- trained to limited number of


advanced skills; includes ALS with advanced airway,
IV, limited meds, recognition of non-circulating heart
rhythms and defibrillation.

 Paramedic- highest level, 2,000hrs


The 15 Components of an EMS system Described in the EMSS Act of 1973

• Manpower • Accessibility of Care


• Training • Transfer of Patients
• Communication • Standardized Medical
• Transportation record Keeping
• Facilities • Consumer information and
• Critical Care Unit Education
• Use of Public Safety • Independent review and
Agency evaluation
• Consumer Participation • Disaster linkage
• Mutual aid agreement
19
 Access
 Easy access in an emergency is essential.
 Administration and Policy
 Policies and procedures are essential.
 Medical Direction and Control
 Each EMS system must have a medical
director.
 Medical control may take place online or off-
line.
 A Medical director responsible for the clinical and
patient care aspects of an EMS system.
 Every ambulance/rescue squad must have
Medical director
 Oversees training, Develops protocols
Develops standing orders
 Quality Control and Improvement
 Process used to ensure patient care meets standards.
 Other physician input
 Local, state, and national specialists provide
guidance.
 State-specific statutes and regulations
 All EMS systems are subject to state
regulations.
 Equipment
 Properly maintained equipment is essential.
 Ambulance
 EMT-Bs must be familiar with the ambulance
and its functions.
 Specialty Centers
 Focusing on care for certain types of patients
 Inter-facility Transports
 Transportation of patients from one care
facility to another
 Hospital Staff
 EMS is part of the whole continuum of care.
 Working with Public Safety Agencies
 EMT-Bs should understand the role of each
agency.
 Training
 Quality of care depends on training.
 1st Phase—access to EMS system

 2nd Phase—out of hospital care

 3rd Phase—emergency department care

 4th Phase—definitive care


The chain of EMS system:
Rescuer Relationship with
Medical Director

• Designated agent of the Medical


director

• Care rendered is considered an


extension of the medical
director’s authority (varies by
federal law).
 Personal safety
 Safety of crew, patient, and bystanders
 Patient assessment
 Patient care based on assessment
findings
 Lifting and moving patients safely
 Transport and transfer of care
 Record keeping/data collection
 Patient advocacy/confidentiality
 Puts patient’s needs as a priority without
endangering self
 Maintains professional appearance and manner
 Performs under pressure
 Treats patients and families with
understanding, respect, and compassion
 Respects patient confidentiality
 Continuing education
required to renew
certification
 Keep up-to-date on new
procedures and issues
on local, state, and
national levels
 Maintain knowledge
and skills

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