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Explain How The Basic Laws of Matter Led To The Formulation of Dalton's Atomic Theory. - Describe Dalton's Atomic Theory

Dalton's Atomic Theory from the early 1800s proposed that matter is made of tiny indivisible particles called atoms and that atoms of a given element are all identical but atoms of different elements differ in their properties. The theory explained laws like definite proportions and multiple proportions. Modern atomic theory, developed in the early 1900s, refined Dalton's ideas by showing that atoms have internal structure including a small, dense nucleus surrounded by electrons and that atoms of the same element can differ in mass due to different numbers of neutrons.

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88 views33 pages

Explain How The Basic Laws of Matter Led To The Formulation of Dalton's Atomic Theory. - Describe Dalton's Atomic Theory

Dalton's Atomic Theory from the early 1800s proposed that matter is made of tiny indivisible particles called atoms and that atoms of a given element are all identical but atoms of different elements differ in their properties. The theory explained laws like definite proportions and multiple proportions. Modern atomic theory, developed in the early 1900s, refined Dalton's ideas by showing that atoms have internal structure including a small, dense nucleus surrounded by electrons and that atoms of the same element can differ in mass due to different numbers of neutrons.

Uploaded by

Marc Vincent Castillo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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• Explain how the basic laws of

matter led to the formulation


of Dalton’s Atomic Theory.
• Describe Dalton’s Atomic Theory.

STEM_GC11AM-Ic-e-15 & 16
• This illustration
shows the modern
view of an atom.
Notice that a fuzzy,
cloud-like region
surrounds the
atomic nucleus.
Electrons move
rapidly throughout
this region, which
represents most of
the atom’s volume.
• Proust’s __________________states
that different samples of the same
compound always contain its constituent
elements in the _______ proportion by
________.
• Proust’s Law of definite proportions
states that different samples of the same
compound always contain its constituent
elements in the same proportion by
mass.
• Dalton’s theory explains the
________________ quite simply:
The compounds _______ in the number
of atoms of each kind that combine.
• Dalton’s theory explains the Law of
multiple proportions quite simply:
The compounds differ in the number of
atoms of each kind that combine.
• Dalton’s fourth hypothesis is another way
of stating the _______________,
which is that matter can be neither
_________ nor destroyed.
• Dalton’s fourth hypothesis is another way
of stating the Law of conservation
of mass, which is that matter can be
neither created nor destroyed.
• Radiation - the emission and
transmission of energy through space in
the form of waves.
• An English physicist, J. J. Thomson,
used a cathode ray tube and his knowledge
of ____________________to determine
the ratio of electric charge to the
__________ of an individual electron.

• The number he came up with is


where C stands for __________, which is the
unit of _______ charge.
• An English physicist, J. J. Thomson,
used a cathode ray tube and his
knowledge of electromagnetic theory to
determine the ratio of electric charge to
the mass of an individual electron.
• The number he came up with is
where C stands for coulomb, which is the
unit of electric charge.
Ways to Identify Atoms
• ________is the number of protons in a
nucleus; atoms of different elements have
different atomic numbers.
• _______ are atoms of the same element
having different numbers of neutrons.
• ________is the sum of the number of protons
and neutrons in an atom.
Because an atom is electrically neutral, the
number of its protons is ______ to the number
of its electrons.
Ways to Identify Atoms
• Atomic number is the number of protons in a
nucleus; atoms of different elements have
different atomic numbers.
• Isotopes are atoms of the same element
having different numbers of neutrons.
• Mass number is the sum of the number of
protons and neutrons in an atom.
Because an atom is electrically neutral, the
number of its protons is equal to the number
of its electrons.
• How many protons, neutrons and
electrons are in these isotopes?
(Li, Na, F, Al and Fe)
Identify (Chem. symbol) and compute the atomic
number, mass number, number of protons, electrons and
number of neutrons of the following elements:

• 1) Gold
• 2) Lithium
• 3) Potassium
• 4) Xenon
• 5) Manganese
• ELTS pp. 63 (1-2)
• Chemical compounds are either
molecular compounds (in which the
smallest units are discrete, individual
molecules) or ionic compounds (in which
positive and negative ions are held
together by mutual attraction).
• Ionic compounds are made up of
cations and anions, formed when atoms
lose electrons and gain electrons,
respectively.
• Empirical formula shows the
simplest ratios of the atoms in a molecule

• Molecular formula conveys the


specific number and types of atoms
combined in each molecule of a
compound.
Assignment
• 1. Determine the ratios of the masses of
fluorine that combine with 1 g of sulfur
in these compounds. Are these data
consistent with the law of multiple
proportions?
• 2. Calculate the mass of fluorine that
would combine with 1 g of sulfur to form
the next two compounds in the series: E
and F.
Fill in the blanks.
• The relative amount in which each isotope
is present in an element is called the
_____.
• The average _____ of an element is the
average of the masses of all the element’s
isotopes.
• Naturally occurring lithium consists of two
isotopes, _____ and ______.
• Mass ______ can find the relative
abundance of each isotope in an element.
Remedial
• Naturally occurring magnesium exists as a
mixture of three isotopes. These isotopes
(with their isotopic abundances and
atomic masses) are Mg-24 (78.70%,
23.985 u), Mg-25 (10.13%, 24.985 u),
and Mg-26 (11.17%, 25.983 u).
• Calculate the average atomic mass of
magnesium.
¼ paper
• Compare Dalton’s atomic
theory with the modern
atomic theory.
• Explain why scientists
modified Dalton’s theory.

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