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Projectile

Projectile motion involves throwing or launching an object so that it moves both horizontally and vertically through the air. [1] The horizontal motion is at a constant velocity, while the vertical motion experiences a downward acceleration due to gravity. [2] The path of a projectile through the air forms a parabolic trajectory due to the combined effects of horizontal and vertical motion. [3] Key factors in analyzing projectile motion include the initial velocity, launch angle, acceleration due to gravity, maximum height, range, and landing position.

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Jhi Ghi Rawring
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2K views29 pages

Projectile

Projectile motion involves throwing or launching an object so that it moves both horizontally and vertically through the air. [1] The horizontal motion is at a constant velocity, while the vertical motion experiences a downward acceleration due to gravity. [2] The path of a projectile through the air forms a parabolic trajectory due to the combined effects of horizontal and vertical motion. [3] Key factors in analyzing projectile motion include the initial velocity, launch angle, acceleration due to gravity, maximum height, range, and landing position.

Uploaded by

Jhi Ghi Rawring
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PROJECTILE

Kinematics of Translation
Projectile Motion
 The motion of a body thrown horizontally or at
an angle other than 90◦ with the horizontal is
called projectile motion.

 Projectile motion has 2 components, the


vertical component and the horizontal
component.
Projectile Motion
 Projectile moves horizontally at constant
speed and it falls vertically with acceleration
equal to g.
Projectile Motion
 The path that a projectile follows is called its
trajectory. The trajectory of projectile is parabola.
This results from the combined motions in the
horizontal and vertical motion.
Projectile Motion
 When dealing with projectile motion it is important
to take note of the ff.

 1. at any instance, the velocity of a projectile is

vy
v  vx  v y
2 2
  tan 1

vx
Projectile Motion
 2. at the highest point of its trajectory, only the
vertical velocity is zero. The horizontal velocity
is still vox, thus, velocity at the highest point is
equal to vox

 3. the acceleration of the highest point of its


trajectory is g and not zero.
Projectile Motion
 Range is the horizontal distance travelled by the
projectile from the launching position to the landing
position, on the assumption that it returns to the
same level at which it is fired.

 ____________________________________ range
Projectile Motion
 The maximum range can only be obtained
when the object is launched at 45◦

 Two angles that are complementary will


always give the same range. Ex. 70 ◦ and 20◦
with same initial velocity.

 Projectile motion exhibits time and speed


symmetry.
Projectile vs Freefall
 Projectile motion as a
combination of horizontal
motion with constant velocity
and vertical motion with
constant acceleration.
 one is dropped from rest and
the other is projected
horizontally, but both
projectiles fall the same
distance in the same time.
CASE 1 – OBJECT LAUNCHED HORIZONTALLY
Case 1 – Object Launched Horizontally
Horizontal Motion (x)
y
 velocity is CONSTANT or Uniform
Vix = Vi
 initial horizontal velocity equals the
final horizontal velocity Vix = Vfx
 acceleration is 0 (ax = 0)
 Range or Horizontal Distance

dx = Vix t or R= Vix t
The horizontal and vertical motions are
independent of each other, but they have
xa common time
Vertical Motion (Y)
y
 acceleration is constant, and downward
(free fall - dropped)
a = g = -9.8m/s2
 velocity in changing
Viy = 0 (dropped)
Vfy = increasing
 maximum height (h) dy = ½ gt2
 time of flight t = √ 2dy
g

 velocity v = √vx2 + vy2


x
direction tan ϴ = Vy
Vx
Projectile Motion
Table 1: Vector launched horizontally

Horizontal Vertical
acceleration ax = 0 ay = g
Velocity vx = vox vy = -gt
Velocity total
V= Vx2 + Vy2
displacement d x = v xt dy = - ½ gt2
Range r = x2 + y2
Sample problem
1. A ball is thrown horizontally from a height of 5.50
m with an initial speed of 25.0 m/s. (a) how long will
it take the ball to reach the ground? (b) at what
horizontal distance from the point of release will it
strike the ground? (c) what will be the magnitude of its
velocity when it strikes the ground? (d) at what
direction will it strike the ground?

Ans: a) 1.06 s b) 26.5 m


c) 27.1 m/s d)22.6◦
2. A stone is thrown horizontally from the roof of
a building with an initial velocity of 20 m/s. It
hits the ground at a point which is 70m from the
edge of the building. (a) Solve for the time of
flight. (b) Find the height of the building.

Ans: a) 3.5s b) 60.0 m


3. A marble is thrown horizontally from a table top
with a velocity of 1.50 m/s. The marble falls 0.70 m
away from the table’s edge.
A) How high is the lab table?
B) What is the marble’s velocity just before it hits the
floor?

Ans: a) 1.07m b) 4.8m/s


Sample problem:
4. A ball thrown horizontally from the top of the
building 55m high strikes the ground at a point 35 m
from the building. Find the (a) time to reach the
ground, (b) initial speed of the ball, and (c) velocity
with which the ball strike the ground.

Ans: a) 3.35 s b) 10.5 m/s


c) 35 m/s 72.3◦
Case 2 Object Launched at an Angle
y

vi

viy

θ x
vix
y Initial position: x = 0, y = 0

Initial velocity: vi = vi [Θ]


vi
When a projectile is launched with an
angle, its velocity has two components
viy
Velocity components:
x- direction : vix = vi cos Θ
θ y- direction : viy = vi sin Θ
x
vix
Vertical Motion Horizontal Motion
 Following free fall  constant velocity/
 upward positive vertical uniform velocity
velocity component that is  acceleration = zero
decreasing in magnitude until it
becomes zero at the top of the
trajectory
 accelerates downward at a
rate of 9.8 m/s per second or
9.8 m/s2, it will start to
descend with an increasing
negative vertical velocity until it
is stopped by something.
Case 2 – Equations

Horizontal Motion (X) Vertical Motion (Y)


 Initial Velocity (Vix)  Initial Velocity (Viy)

 Final Velocity (Vyx)  Final Velocity (Vfy)

 Distance (dx or X or R)  Height (dy or Y or H)

 Time of flight (T)  Time to reach the


maximum height (t)
 Total time of flight (T)
Case 2 – Equations

Horizontal Motion (X) Vertical Motion (Y)


 Initial Velocity (Vix)  Initial Velocity (Viy)

 Final Velocity (Vyx)  Final Velocity (Vfy)

 Distance (dx or X or R)  Height (dy or Y or H)

 Time of flight (T)  Time to reach the


maximum height (t)
 Total time of flight (T)
Case 2 Object Launched at an Angle

 Vertical Motion (free-  Horizontal Motion


fall)
Viy = vi sin Θ Vix = vi cos Θ ; Vfx = Vix
g = Vfy – Viy V = d/t
t
dy = Viyt + gt2
dx or Range (R)
2 R = (Vix)(T) or R=(VicosΘ)(T)
dy = Vfy2 – Viy2
R= Vi2 sin 2Θ
2g g
note: t (time of flight) ;T(total t)
t = Viy ; T =2t
g
Vertical Motion (free-fall)
Equations
 What is the equation for dy  dy = gt2
maximum height? 2
 What is the equation for dy at  dy = Viyt + gt2
any time? 2
= Vi sin Θ t + gt2
 What is the equation for final 2
velocity at a maximum height?  Vfy = gt

 What is the equation for final


velocity at any time?  Vfy = gt + Viy
1. A golf ball was hit and projected at an angle of
600 with the horizontal. If the initial velocity of the
ball was 50m/s (neglecting air friction), the calculate
the following:
a. Time the golf ball was in the air,
b. Horizontal distance the ball travelled
c. Maximum height the ball reached.

Ans: a) 8.8s b) 220m


c) 95.7 m
Problem Solving
2. A place kicker kicks a football with a velocity of
20.0 m/s and at an angle of 53 degrees.
(a) How long is the ball in the air?
(b) How far away does it land?
(c) How high does it travel?

Ans: a) 3.3s b) 39.7 m


c) 13.0 m
Problem Solving
3. A long jumper leaves the ground at an angle of
300 to the horizontal and a speed of 6m/s. How
far does he jump?

Ans: a) 3.18m
is Relative Depends on Frame of Reference

Displacement
Equation of motion
Can be
Is described
in terms of
Velocity Obtained
either by
Graphical analysis
Acceleration
Motion

Uniform That combines with Free Fall


May be
To produce
Uniformly Accelerated
Projectile Motion

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