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Separately Excited, Shunt and Compound DC Generator: Asdfsdfsdf

1. The document discusses the operating characteristics of separately excited, shunt, and compound DC generators. 2. A separately excited DC generator's characteristics can be changed by varying the field current, which changes the values of constants K1 and K2 that determine the relationships between output voltage and speed and output current and applied torque. 3. Shunt and compound generators self-excite through residual magnetism in the stator, with a shunt generator's output voltage decreasing slightly more than a separately excited generator's as output current increases due to the voltage drop across the shunt field winding.

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Jhi Ghi Rawring
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185 views19 pages

Separately Excited, Shunt and Compound DC Generator: Asdfsdfsdf

1. The document discusses the operating characteristics of separately excited, shunt, and compound DC generators. 2. A separately excited DC generator's characteristics can be changed by varying the field current, which changes the values of constants K1 and K2 that determine the relationships between output voltage and speed and output current and applied torque. 3. Shunt and compound generators self-excite through residual magnetism in the stator, with a shunt generator's output voltage decreasing slightly more than a separately excited generator's as output current increases due to the voltage drop across the shunt field winding.

Uploaded by

Jhi Ghi Rawring
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SEPARATELY EXCITED,

SHUNT AND COMPOUND


DC GENERATOR
ASDFSDFSDF
SEPARATELY-EXCITED, SHUNT AND COMPOUND
DC GENERATOR
OBJECTIVES:
When you have completed this activity, you will be able to demonstrate the main
operating characteristics of separately-excited, shunt, and compound
generators using DC Motor/Generator module.
While dc motor can be considered as a linear voltage-to-speed converter,
this process is reversible, meaning that when a fixed speed is imposed on the
motor by an external driving force (prime mover), the motor produces and
output voltage Eo, and thus, operates as a linear speed-to-voltage converter,
i.e., a dc generator.
The linear relationship that exists between torque and current for the dc motor
is also reversible and applies to the dc generator, i.e., a torque must be
applied to the generator's shaft to obtain a certain output current.
This figure shows the output voltage versus speed relationship of a separately-
excited dc generator and the output current versus applied torque relationship
of a separately-excited dc generator, respectively
Slopes are equal to the reciprocal of the constants K1 and K2.
Also, the field current If of a separately-excited dc generator can be varied to
change the strength of the field electromagnet, and thereby, the relative values
of constant K1 and K2.
When field current is decreased, K1 increases and K2 decreases. As a result,
the slope of V vs S decreases whereas the slope of the I vs T increases.
This is the simplified equivalent electric circuit of a separately-excited dc generator. It is
the same as that for the dc motor, except that the direction of current flow is reversed and
voltage ECEMF becomes EEMF, which is the voltage induced across the armature winding
as it rotates in the magnetic flux produced by the stator electromagnet.
In the previous activity, when a fixed armature voltage Ea is applied to a SE dc
motor, its speed decreases as the armature current Ia increases. It is due to the
armature resistance Ra.
Similarly, as a generator operating at a fixed speed, the armature resistance
causes the output voltage Eo to decreases with increasing output current as
shown in the figure.
Similarly, as a generator operating at a fixed speed, the armature resistance
causes the output voltage Eo to decreases with increasing output current as
shown in the figure.
The output voltage Eo can be calculated using the following equation:
The separately excited dc generator provides flexible use because its
characteristics can be changed by changing the field current. However, a
separate dc power source is needed to excite the field electromagnet.
In a SE dc generator, the field electromagnet is a shunt winding connected
across the generator output (shunt generator) or a combination of a shunt
winding connected across the generator output and series winding connected in
series with the generator output (compound generator).
The generator output voltage and/or current excite(s) the field electromagnet.
The way the field electromagnet is implemented (shunt or compound)
determines many of the generator's characteristics.
Self-excitation is possible because of the residual magnetism in the stator pole
pieces. As the armature rotates, a small voltage is induced across its winding
and a small current flows in the shunt field windin. IF this small field current is
flowing the proper direction, the residual magnetism is reinforced which further
icreases the armature voltage. Thus, a rapid voltage build-up occurs. If the field
current flows in the wrong direction, the residual magnetism is reduced and
voltage build-up cannot occur. In this case, reversing the connetions of the
shunt field winding corrects the situation.
This is a graph that shows the voltage versus current characteristics of a
various types of dc generators. As can be seen, the separately excited dc
generator and the shunt generator have very similary characteristics.
The difference is that the output voltage of the shunt generator decreases a little
more than that of the separately-excited dc generator as the output current
increases.
In both cases, the output voltage decreases because the voltage drop across the
armature resistor increases as the output current increases. In the shunt generator, the
voltage across the shunt field winding, and thereby, the field current decreases as the
output voltage decreases. This causes the output voltage to decrease a little more.
It is possible to complensate for the variation in output voltage by automatically
chaning the magnetic flux produced by the field electromagnet as the output
current varies. The shunt and series field windings of a compound generator
can be connected so that the magnetic flux increases when the output current
increases.Thus, the output voltage remains fairly constant and changes very
little as the output current increases. This type of connection results in a
cumulative compound generator because the magnetic fluxes created by the
two field windings add together in a cumulative manner. For other applications
where the output voltage must decrease rapidly when the output current
increases, the shunt and series windings can be connected so the magnetic
fluxes subtract from each other, resulting in a differential compound generator.

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