There are some properties pertaining to the right-angled triangle.

It is to be noted that in the

following formulas, P stands for perpendicular, B stands for base and H stands for the hypotenuse.

SinA = P / H
CosA = B / H
TanA = P / B
CotA = B / P
CosecA = H / P
SecA = H/B
Sin2A + Cos2A = 1
Tan2A + 1 = Sec2A Trigonometrey 1
Cot2A + 1 = Cosec2A

In order to find a relationship between various trigonometric identities, there are some important
formulas:
1. TanA = SinA / CosA
2. CotA = CosA / SinA
3. CosecA = 1 / SinA
4. SecA = 1 / CosA

There are some formulas that are very crucial to solving higher level sums.

Sin (A +B) =SinA . CosB + CosA . SinB

Sin (A – B) = SinA . CosB – CosA . SinB
Cos (A + B) = CosA . CosB – SinA . SinB
Cos (A – B) = CosA. CosB + SinA . SinB
Tan (A + B) = TanA + TanB / 1 – TanA . TanB
Tan (A – B) = TanA –TanB / 1 + TanA . TanB
Sin ( A + B) . Sin (A – B) = Sin2A – Sin2B = Cos2B – Cos2A
Cos (A + B) . Cos (A – B) = Cos2A – Sin2B = Cos2B – Sin2A
Sin2A = 2 . SinA . CosA = 2 . TanA / (1 + Tan2A)
Cos2A = Cos2A – Sin2A = 1 – 2Sin2A = 2Cos2A – 1 = (1 – Tan2A) / (1 + Tan2A)
Tan2A = 2TanA / (1 – Tan2A)
Sin3A = 3 . SinA – 4 . Sin3A
Cos3A = 4 . Cos3A – 3 . CosA
Tan3A = (3TanA – Tan3A) / (1 – 3Tan2A)
SinA + SinB = 2 Sin (A + B)/2 Cos (A – B)/2
SinA – SinB = 2 Sin (A – B)/2 Cos (A + B)/2
CosA + CosB = 2 Cos(A – B)/2 Cos (A + B)/2
CosA – CosB = 2 Sin(B – A)/2 Sin (A + B)/2
TanA + TanB = Sin (A + B) / CosA . CosB
SinA CosB = Sin (A + B) + Sin (A – B)
CosA SinB = Sin (A + B) – Sin (A – B)
CosA CosB = Cos (A + B) + Cos (A – B)
SinA SinB = Cos (A – B) – Cos (A + B)
Some important questions:
1. If SecA = 13/12, calculate the other ratios:
Answer: SecA = 13/12 = H / B
Thus, H = 13, B = 12
Using Pythagoras theorem, we can get the value of P = 5
Sin A = P / H = 5 / 13
Cos A = B / H = 12 / 13
Tan A = P / B = 5 / 12
Cosec A = H / P = 13 / 5
CotA = B / P = 12 / 5
Trigonometery 2
Prove that (sec2A – 1) . cot2A = 1 (source: https://www.vedantu.com/rs-aggarwal-solutions/class-10-chapter-8-
trigonometric-identities)
Answer: (sec2A – 1) . cot2A
= tan2A x cot2A (As, sec2A – tan2A = 1)
= (1 / cot2A) x cot2A
=1
= RHS
Prove that sin2A + 1 / (1 + tan2A) = 1 (source: https://www.vedantu.com/rs-aggarwal-solutions/class-10-chapter-8-
trigonometric-identities)
Answer: sin2A + 1 / (1 + tan2A)
= sin2A + 1 / (sec2A) (As, 1 + tan2A = sec2A)
= sin2A + cos2A
=1
= RHS
In triangle PQR, which has a right angle at Q, RP + RQ = 25 inches and QP = 5 inches. What is the value of sinP, tanP
and cosP?
Answer: We are provided with RP + RQ = 25 inch and QP = 5 inch
Thus, we can say that RP = 25 – RQ
By using the Pythagoras theorem, we get
(QP)2 = (PR)2 – (RQ)2
52 = (25 – RQ)2 – RQ2
25 = 625 + RQ2 – 50 QR – RQ2
25 = 625 – 50 QR
50 QR = 625 – 25 – 600
RQ = 12
Putting the value of RQ in the equation, we get RP = 13.
Therefore, QP = 5 = P
RQ = 12 = B
RP = 13 = H
sinP = P / H = 5 / 13
cos P = B / H = 12 / 13
tan P = P / B = 5 / 12
If cos (A + B) sin (C + D) = cos (A – B) sin (C – D), then prove that cotA cotB cotC = cotD (Source:
https://schools.aglasem.com/9022)
Answer: Since, cos (A + B) sin (C + D) = cos (A – B) sin (C – D),
= cos (A – B) / cos (A – B) = sin (C + D) / sin (C – D)
= cos (A – B) + cos (A + B) / cos (A – B) – cos (A + B) = sin (C + D) + sin (C – D) / sin (C + D) – sin (C – D) (componendo
dividendo)
= 2 cosA cosB / 2 sinA sinB = 2 sinC cosD / 2 cosC sinD
= cotA cotB = tanC cotD
= cotA cotB cotC = cotD
Hence, proved.To know more about class 10 mathematics question and analysis, click here.
Preparation tips for Subjects of Class 10th Board Exams
SCIENCE

You need to primarily take care of these following areas – Chemistry, Physics, and
Biology. Students who are thinking of taking up the science stream in class XI should
strictly focus on all these three areas as this will strengthen their foundations.

Keep the complete list of formulae, experiments, and derivations

Don’t even think about skipping the science laboratory lectures and classes. Use the
science laboratory as much as you can for every single experiment.
It is crucial to use NCERT books that can be followed thoroughly to score well in
Science. All the question papers revolve around the concepts given in the NCERT
book, so keep that in mind.
Many science formulas have rules that you strictly need to follow and use them
correctly. Let’s say, for using quadratic formula; you need to change the equation to
the standard quadratic form.
PHYSICS-You need to get a good grip on the basic concepts of the subject. Most of the
questions from paper contain direct formulae- and theorem-based questions.
Therefore, learn them thoroughly to solve questions correctly. Try solving formulae
and theorems from last years’ 10th board exams papers and model papers for various
problems.
CHEMISTRY-The best part is that this high-scoring subject needs lesser time for
preparation. So, you can get the required speed and accuracy by solving different
problems you can achieve through in-depth study of the subject and extensive
practice. Go through the name reactions thoroughly; create charts of formulae along
with names and revise them as and when possible.
BIOLOGY-This subject includes a lot of diagrams, so it’s important to give special
attention to diagrams and their theory. Ensure that important terms and their
respective functions are remembered. Biology has a lot of learning and memorization
of difficult terminology. Write such terms down repeatedly so that you get acquainted
with them. Get meticulous with the key definitions as the subject is mostly theory.
MATHEMATICS

Class 10th mathematics is all about basic geometry, trigonometry and

the concept of numbers. These subjects build aptitude and concepts
that turn out to be beneficial for the students who wish to appear for
aptitude-based tests in future.

Class 10 Math formulas may seem very general, but many times they
are seen in previous years’ question papers and questions are asked
from them.
It’s crucial to keep the concepts/formulas sheet
Go through the usage of all the Math formulas thoroughly.
If you are planning to score an A1 in math 10th board exams, then it’s
really important to be in synch with your NCERT book. Almost the
entire question paper includes concepts and formulas that are given in
the NCERT book.
Try to read the problem, again and again, to understand the exact idea
of the question while solving a problem-based question.
On a rough paper, jot down exactly what is given in the question paper
and what you need to find. Then, in a methodical way, find what is
asked of you.
After the revision is done, you can start solving sample papers,
unsolved papers and practice papers within the given set of time
SOCIAL STUDIES

Social science may sound boring, but one can use study tools to
make it fun. Things like flashcards, colourful charts, timelines
and funny mnemonics can help you study apart from the
textbook and notes reading. In 10th class, social sciences
studies are either the beginning or ending.

Go through the course once without trying to remember it; just

as you would read a newspaper or novel and try to understand
it.
It is important to prioritize your subjects and topics as per the
marks weightage and easy and difficult chapters. You can rely on this list
to create a practical study schedule.
Make notes for specific points that you feel are important and you are
likely to forget, in addition to school notes.
Make a chart that includes important dates, go through it regularly and
you will find that you can easily remember the dates.
Make the study subject-wise instead of combining all topics; remember
that they were separated for a reason.
Use as many flashcards as possible for definitions and also for various
historical events. This technique is a kind of fun and quick revision.
You can practice map work by finding out the important locations you
want to remember, then locate them on a blank map
It’s crucial to understand economics and political science, and it’s better
to avoid memorizing.
Solve previous year papers/ sample papers and start practicing by writing
within the word limits.
ENGLISH

Unseen passage/note making: This section is quite scoring and

needs the least amount of effort comparatively.
Writing skills: Stick to formats religiously. Most of the questions
on this subject are for 10 marks, divided into 3 marks for the
format. Four are for content and three for fluency/accuracy of
English. Go through sample letters and also articles from
reference books so that you can improve thinking skills and
understand presentation skills. Board examiners often give
preference to an exhaustive article that has lots of ideas and
inputs by the student instead of simple repetitive arguments in
fancy language.
Grammar: The only trick here is: practice, practice, practice.
Learn the basic rules and attempt as many questions as possible
and correct yourself after making mistakes.
Literature: When it comes to poems, have a notebook handy
and jot down everything your teacher explains. Please know
that just understanding the chapter is not enough as students
would need to write 7-10 mark answers in the exam. Keep this
in mind, and make an effort to attempt past years’ papers and
questions from other reference material. Every long answer has
an introduction, body and conclusion. Your aim needs to be
about writing 150-200 words spread across 3-4 paragraphs.
HINDI

This subject is fairly scoring and one can get 90+ easily. But to do that,
you have to study the NCERT textbooks really well as they are very
useful.
You need to get your hands on a question-bank-cum-guide and practice
questions.
Solve past years’ papers(Oswal, Arihant or any of the available sources),
and cross-check with the solutions provided. In fact, most of the times,
questions are just repeated in exams.
The points mentioned above are the only 3 simple you need to score
95+ in the paper.

Things to Do On the Day of the 10th Board Exams

If you will be going to an unknown exam centre, then it is
recommended that you visit the center before the exam day
and understand the route well. Many times, parents
accompany their children to the center on the first day but the
kids lose their way if they have to visit on their own and enter
the exam hall late. No one wants to lose out on time and miss a
section of the paper.
It is also important to not get bogged down by the stress and
pressure around you. Try and use the last one hour before the
exam to relax. Don’t think too much about the exam as that
will add to your tension. Follow this trick. Ask your friends to
avoid talking to you about the upcoming exam in the last one
hour. It’s crucial to relax so that you can concentrate better at
the time of the examination.
Lastly, believe in yourself and don’t let anyone else tell you that
you are incapable of doing something. Your perseverance and
determination will help you ace the exams and emerge a
winner.