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Mechanism Design

This document discusses mechanism design, including: 1) Mechanisms can produce symmetrical or asymmetrical motion, with examples like engines producing symmetrical motion and cutting machines producing faster return strokes. 2) The time ratio measures the difference in stroke speeds, defined as the time of the slower stroke divided by the faster stroke. 3) Timing charts can be used to synchronize mechanisms and estimate maximum speeds and accelerations based on displacement and time.

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Asim Ashraf
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196 views6 pages

Mechanism Design

This document discusses mechanism design, including: 1) Mechanisms can produce symmetrical or asymmetrical motion, with examples like engines producing symmetrical motion and cutting machines producing faster return strokes. 2) The time ratio measures the difference in stroke speeds, defined as the time of the slower stroke divided by the faster stroke. 3) Timing charts can be used to synchronize mechanisms and estimate maximum speeds and accelerations based on displacement and time.

Uploaded by

Asim Ashraf
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mechanism Desgin

 Many mechanisms that produce reciprocating motion are designed to produce


symmetrical motion in which motion characteristics of the outward stroke are
identical to those of the inward stroke. These mechanisms often accomplish work in
both directions. An engine mechanism and windshield wiper linkages are examples
of these kinematically balanced mechanisms.

 other machine design applications require a difference in the average speed of the
forward and return strokes. These machines typically work only on the forward
stroke. The return stroke needs to be as fast as possible, so maximum time is
available for the working stroke. Cutting machines and package-moving devices are
examples of these quick-return mechanisms.

1
Mechanism Design
TIME RATIO
 A measure of the quick return action of a mechanism is the time ratio, Q, which is
defined as follows:
𝑻𝒊𝒎𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝑺𝒍𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓 𝑺𝒕𝒓𝒐𝒌𝒆
𝑸= ≥𝟏
𝑻𝒊𝒎𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒇𝒂𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝑺𝒕𝒓𝒐𝒌𝒆

Imbalance Angle
 An imbalance angle, β, is a property that relates the geometry of a specific linkage to
the timing of the stroke. This angle can be related to the time ratio, Q:
𝟏𝟖𝟎𝟎 + 𝜷
𝐐=
𝟏𝟖𝟎𝟎 − 𝜷
and solving for β,
𝟎
𝑸−𝟏
𝛃 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎
𝑸+𝟏
2
Mechanism Design

Total Cycle Time


 The total cycle time for the mechanism is:
∆𝐭 𝐜𝐲𝐜𝐥𝐞 = 𝑻𝒊𝒎𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝑺𝒍𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓 𝑺𝒕𝒓𝒐𝒌𝒆 + 𝑻𝒊𝒎𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒇𝒂𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝑺𝒕𝒓𝒐𝒌𝒆

Crank Speed
 For mechanisms that are driven with a constant speed rotational actuator, the
required crank speed, 𝝎𝒄𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒌 , is related to the cycle time as follows:
−𝟏
𝝎𝒄𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒌 = ∆𝐭 𝐜𝐲𝐜𝐥𝐞

3
Mechanism Design

Example:
A quick-return mechanism is to be designed, where the outward stroke must consume 1.2 s and the return stroke 0.8
s. Determine the time ratio, imbalance angle, cycle time, and speed at which the mechanism should be driven.

4
Mechanism Design

Timing Charts:
Plots of displacement, velocity and acceleration as functions of time. These charts are
used in the mechanism design process to
 assist in the synchronization of motion between mechanisms.

 estimate the magnitudes of the velocity and acceleration of the follower links

 Synchronization of motion
The charts which are used in motion synchronization assume constant acceleration. With constant
acceleration assumption, the displacement can be related to the velocity and acceleration as

5
Mechanism Design
For a package-moving scenario , the lift mechanism is desired to
raise 8.0 in. in 1.5 s, remain stationary for 1.0 s, and return in 1.0 s.
The push mechanism should remain stationary for 1.5 s, push 6.0
in. in 1.0 s, and return in 1.0 s. The timing charts for both
mechanisms are shown in Figure 5.1. The figures illustrate that as
one mechanism is lifting (velocity appears as a triangle), the other
remains stationary (no velocity). Also, while the second mechanism
is pushing, the first remains stationary. Thus, synchronization is
verified. Further, the maximum speed and acceleration are related
to the displacement and the time for the motion , respectively. For
the lifting mechanism

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