This document provides an introduction to philosophy, discussing its meaning, nature, scope, goals, importance, and branches. Philosophy begins from wonder and curiosity about the world. It is defined as the love of wisdom and attempts to answer life's fundamental questions. The main branches of philosophy discussed are ethics, epistemology, metaphysics, politics, aesthetics, logic, and religion. Each branch explores fundamental questions about the nature of its topic through systematic thinking and reasoning.
This document provides an introduction to philosophy, discussing its meaning, nature, scope, goals, importance, and branches. Philosophy begins from wonder and curiosity about the world. It is defined as the love of wisdom and attempts to answer life's fundamental questions. The main branches of philosophy discussed are ethics, epistemology, metaphysics, politics, aesthetics, logic, and religion. Each branch explores fundamental questions about the nature of its topic through systematic thinking and reasoning.
This document provides an introduction to philosophy, discussing its meaning, nature, scope, goals, importance, and branches. Philosophy begins from wonder and curiosity about the world. It is defined as the love of wisdom and attempts to answer life's fundamental questions. The main branches of philosophy discussed are ethics, epistemology, metaphysics, politics, aesthetics, logic, and religion. Each branch explores fundamental questions about the nature of its topic through systematic thinking and reasoning.
This document provides an introduction to philosophy, discussing its meaning, nature, scope, goals, importance, and branches. Philosophy begins from wonder and curiosity about the world. It is defined as the love of wisdom and attempts to answer life's fundamental questions. The main branches of philosophy discussed are ethics, epistemology, metaphysics, politics, aesthetics, logic, and religion. Each branch explores fundamental questions about the nature of its topic through systematic thinking and reasoning.
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PHILOSOPHY
Introduction to Philosophy Meaning Nature Scope Goals Importance Branches Epoch What is philosophy? Where it begins? Remember • In studying Philosophy, one should know the: 1. Contextualize/ation 2. Basis
• In this way, one can distinguish both
VALIDITY and TRUTH, GENUINE, and ESSENTIAL ideals. From WONDER to WANDER “Wasn’t it extraordinary to be in the world right now, wandering around in a wonderful adventure!”
-Jostein Gaarder, Sophies World
Wonder To be filled with curiosity or doubt An event inexplicable by the laws of nature; a miracle A feeling of puzzlement or doubt Wander Walk or move in a leisurely, casual, or aimless way An act or instance of wandering Philosopher’s definition- arises out of wonder, out of curiosity, out of desire to learn, and to understand things. What is Philosophy as a Term/Word? The term Philosophy comes from the Greek Language. It consists of two words:
Philos (love, or philia) – friendship,
affection Sophos (learned scholar, sage, or Sophia – wisdom, knowledge, talent) “philo” – love “sophia” – wisdom
Thus: 1. Philosophy is the love of wisdom. 2. Philosophy attempts to answer life’s Big Questions. 3. Philosophy is about questions. 4. Philosophers ask questions about what people believe. 5. Philosophy is about examining ourselves and our beliefs. There are MANY QUESTIONS but there are SOME BIG QUESTION WHAT?
WHY?
HOW? What are the reasons for a particular belief? Do you believe in God? Do you believe that murder is wrong? Why? • Questions of Belief
Do you believe that
Euthanasia is Evil? Why? • Questions of Values Who am I?
Have you ever looked in
the mirror and asked:
What should I Why am I do with my here? life? Branches of Philosophy Logic
Ethics Philosophy Metaphysics
Epistemology ETHICS QUESTIONS: • How should we live? • What is good and evil? • What is the best way to live? • What is Justice? • Is right and wrong the same everywhere or different everywhere? A philosophical study on the morality (goodness or badness) of human actions (conduct Epistemology Explores the nature and limitations of knowledge Definition of knowledge Investigates how knowledge is obtained Explores the relationship between belief, truth and knowledge. Questions: • What is knowledge? • How is knowledge acquired? • How do we know what we know? • Is human knowledge trustworthy? • Can our senses be trusted? Metaphysics
Explores the fundamental nature of
reality and being Questions: • What is real? • What is reality? • What is reality like? Politics Explores the relationship between citizens and governments • Liberty • Legal justice • Property ownership • Citizen’s rights • System of Law Questions: • How should government be organized? • What makes a government legitimate? • Who decides, who the leaders should be? • What laws are good and necessary? • How should law be enforced? Aesthetics Explores the nature of beauty, art, and taste with creation and appreciation of beauty Questions: • What is beauty? • What is art? • What is the value of beauty and art? • Who should judge what is beautiful or artistic? • How should art and beauty be judged? Logic The systematic principle for thinking rationally Rules of logic determine which arguments are valid and which are fallacies A philosophical study on the correct process of thinking The systematic study of argument Distinguishing valid from invalid argument Examination fallacies Using correct argument patterns Religion Branch of philosophy concerned with questions regarding religion • Nature and existence of God • Theology • Examination of religious experience • Analysis of religious language and texts • Relationship between religion and science Questions: • Does God exist? • What is God? • What is the nature of the relationship between God and human? • Is God active in the world? • Is there life after death?
