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Design of Short Columns

- Bresler's equation is used to calculate the nominal axial capacity (Pni) of columns under biaxial bending based on the capacities for each axis (Pnx, Pny) and no eccentricity (Po) - For the column with ex=400mm and ey=200mm, applying Bresler's equation gives a Pni of 1,601 kN - For the square column, selecting #8 bars at 400mm spacing in both directions satisfies the demands of PD=445 kN, PL=890 kN and moments MDX=68 kN-m,

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Zenna Wong
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387 views26 pages

Design of Short Columns

- Bresler's equation is used to calculate the nominal axial capacity (Pni) of columns under biaxial bending based on the capacities for each axis (Pnx, Pny) and no eccentricity (Po) - For the column with ex=400mm and ey=200mm, applying Bresler's equation gives a Pni of 1,601 kN - For the square column, selecting #8 bars at 400mm spacing in both directions satisfies the demands of PD=445 kN, PL=890 kN and moments MDX=68 kN-m,

Uploaded by

Zenna Wong
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Design of Short

Columns
Subject to Axial Load and Bending
Axial Load and Bending

• Columns will bend under the action of moments, and those moments will
tend to produce compression on one side of the columns and tension on
the other.
• Depending on the relative magnitudes of the moments and axial loads,
there are several ways in which the sections might fail.
Large axial load with negligible moment

• For this situation, failure will occur


by the crushing of the concrete,
with all reinforcing bars in the
column having reached their
yield stress in compression.
Large axial load and small moment such that
the entire cross section is in compression
• When a column is subject to a
small bending moment (i.e., when
the eccentricity is small), the
entire column will be in
compression, but the compression
will be higher on one side than on
the other.
Eccentricity larger than in case (b) such that tension
begins to develop on one side of the column
• If the eccentricity is increased
somewhat from the preceding case,
tension will begin to develop on one
side of the column, and the steel on
that side will be in tension but less than
the yield stress.
• On the other side, the steel will be in
compression.
• Failure will occur as a result of the
crushing of the concrete on the
compression side.
A balanced loading condition

• As we continue to increase the


eccentricity, a condition will be
reached in which the reinforcing
bars on the tension side will reach
their yield stress at the same time
that the concrete on the opposite
side reaches its maximum
compression, 0.85f’c .
Large moment with small axial load

• If the eccentricity is further


increased, failure will be initiated
by the yielding of the bars on the
tensile side of the column prior to
concrete crushing.
Large moment with no appreciable axial load

• For this condition, failure will occur


as it does in a beam.
The Plastic Centroid
• The eccentricity of a column load is the distance from the load to the
plastic centroid of the column.
• The plastic centroid represents the location of the resultant force
produced by the steel and the concrete.
• It is the point in the column cross section through which the resultant
column load must pass to produce uniform strain at failure.
• For locating the plastic centroid, all concrete is assumed to be stressed in
compression to 0.85f’c and all steel to fy in compression.
• For symmetrical sections, the plastic centroid coincides with the centroid
of the column cross section, while for nonsymmetrical sections, it can be
located by taking moments.
2 – 30 mmØ

100mm
2 – 30 mmØ

Sample Problem: 200mm 400mm

Determine the plastic centroid


of the T-shaped column shown 100mm
in Figure 10.2 if f’c = 28 MPa
and fy = 420 MPa.
75mm 75mm 125mm 75mm

150mm 200mm
Seat work: A4
75mm
• Locate the plastic centroid if f’c =
150mm 500mm
4000 psi and fy = 60,000 psi.

75mm

75mm 75mm
150mm

75mm
375mm
Development of Interaction Diagrams

• Should an axial compressive load


be applied to a short concrete
member, it will be subjected to a
uniform strain or shortening
Problem Illustration:

• It is assumed that the tied column


of the figure has a strain on its
compression edge equal to
350mm
6-30mmØ bars
−0.003 and has a tensile strain of
+0.002 on its other edge.
Determine the values of Pn and
Mn that cause this strain 62.5mm 475mm 62.5mm

distribution if fy = 420 MPa and f’c


600mm
= 28 MPa.
Interaction Diagram

6592 kN
350mm
6-30mmØ bars

2774 kN 707kN-m

62.5mm 475mm 62.5mm 1800 kN 759kN-m

600mm

403 kN-m

1601 kN
Use of Interaction Diagrams

• The values of Pn and Mn for a given


column with a certain set of strains can
easily be determined. Preparing an
interaction curve with a hand calculator
for just one column, however, is quite
tedious.
• Imagine the work involved in a design
situation where various sizes, concrete
strengths, and steel percentages need to
be considered.
• Consequently, designers resort almost
completely to computer programs,
computer-generated interaction
diagrams, or tables for their column
calculations.
Design and Analysis of
Eccentrically Loaded
Columns Using Interaction
Diagrams
Design of Short Tied
Column 4 face equal
• Select reinforcing for the short
columns shown if f’c = 27.6 MPa
and fy = 413.7 MPa.
Design of Short Tied
Column 2 face equal
• Select reinforcing for the short
columns shown if f’c = 27.6 MPa
and fy = 413.7 MPa.
Design of Short Spiral
Column
• Select reinforcing for the short
columns shown if f’c = 27.6 MPa 1335kN
and fy = 413.7 MPa.
250mm

425mm
62.5mm 62.5mm

500mm
Analysis of Short Tied
Column 2 face equal
• Use the column interaction
diagrams in Appendix A to
determine Pn values for the short
columns shown if f’c = 28 MPa
and fy = 420 MPa.
Analysis of Short Tied
Column 4 face equal
• Use the column interaction
diagrams in Appendix A to
determine Pn values for the short
columns shown if f’c = 28 MPa
and fy = 420 MPa.
Analysis of Short Spiral
Column
• Use the column interaction
ey = 200 mm
diagrams in Appendix A to
determine Pn values for the short
columns shown if f’c = 28 MPa
and fy = 420 MPa.
Biaxial Bending

• Many columns are subjected to biaxial


bending, that is, bending about both
axes. Corner columns in buildings where
beams and girders frame into the
columns from both directions are the
most common cases, but there are
others, such as where columns are cast
monolithically as part of frames in both
directions or where columns are
supporting heavy spandrel beams.
Bresler’s Equation
• Pni = the nominal axial load capacity of the
section when the load is placed at a given
eccentricity along both axes.
• Pnx = the nominal axial load capacity of the
section when the load is placed at an
eccentricity ex.
• Pny = the nominal axial load capacity of the
section when the load is placed at an
eccentricity ey.
• Po = the nominal axial load capacity of the
section when the load is placed with a zero
eccentricity. It is usually taken as 0.85f’c Ag +
fyAs .
Analysis of Bi-axial Bending Column
62.5mm

• Determine the design capacity, 8-30mmØ

Pni , of the short tied column


shown in the figure, which is
subjected to biaxial bending. f'c = 500mm 625mm
28 MPa, fy = 420 MPa, ex = 400
mm., and ey = 200 mm.

250mm 62.5mm
62.5mm 62.5mm

375mm
Design of Biaxially Loaded Columns
75mm

• Select the reinforcing needed for


the short square tied column
shown in the figure for the 400mm 550mm
following: PD = 445 kN, PL = 890 kN
,MDX = 68 kN-m, MLX = 150 kN-m,
MDY = 55 kN-m, MLY = 123 kN-m, f’c
= 28 MPa, and fy = 420 MPa. 75mm
400mm
• Mx = My = Mnx + Mny 75mm 75mm

550mm

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