Conic Sections: Prepared By: Roqui Mabugay Gonzaga

CONIC SECTIONS
PREPARED BY: ROQUI MABUGAY GONZAGA

When a straight line intersect a vertical line at the fixed point and rotate about the fixed
point. The surface obtained is called a double right circular cone.
A double right circular cone consist of two cones joined at the fixed point called the
vertex. A line that rotates about the vertex is called the generator. The line that remain
fixed is called the axis. The right circular cone has a circular base and its axis is always
perpendicular to its base.
The Perimeter of its base is what we called
the directrix. And the Lateral surface of the
cone is called a nappe.
Axis
A double right circular cone has two
Upper nappe nappe, the cone above the vertex is the
upper nappe and below the vertex is the
Vertex lower nappe.
Generator
Lower nappe
Directrix
What is Conics?
What is Conic Section?
What is Conic Section?
 two-dimensional figure created by the intersection of a plane and a
right circular cone.
 If a plane intersects a right circular cone, we get two dimensional
curves of different types. This curves is called the conic sections.
What is Conics?
 two-dimensional figure created by the intersection of a plane
and a right circular cone.
There are many types of curve produced when a plane slices through a cone.
 Parabola
 Circle
 Ellipse
 Hyperbola
Types of Conics Section
1. Circle
 Is made from a plane intersecting a cone parallel to its base.
A circle is the locus of points that are

equidistant from a fixed point (the center).
1. Circle
 Let C be a given point. The set of all points P having the same
distance from C is called a circle. The point C is called the center
of the circle and the common distance is its radius.
P(x,y)
The circle has a center, C(0, 0)
and radius r>0. A point P(x, y)
is on the circle if and only if
𝑃𝐶 = 𝑟 Q c
𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑥 2 + 𝑦2 = 𝑟2, r > 0
1. Circle
 Let C be a given point. The set of all points P having the same
distance from C is called a circle. The point C is called the center
of the circle and the common distance is its radius.
The circle has a center, C(h, k)

and radius r>0. A point P(x, y)
is on the circle if and only if
𝑃𝐶 = 𝑟
𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
(𝑥 − ℎ)2 +(𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 𝑟 2 , r > 0
Example 1:Write the equation of a circle which point (-6, 4) lies on
the circle and center at (-5, 0).
1st Step: Find the radius (𝑥 − ℎ)2 +(𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 𝑟 2
center: (-5, 0), radius: (-6, 0)
---Apply Direct Substitution--- 2nd Step: Write the
(𝑥 − ℎ)2 +(𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 𝑟 2 Standard equation
(−6 − (−5))2 +(4 − 0)2 = 𝑟 2 (𝑥 − ℎ)2 +(𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 𝑟 2
(−6 + 5)2 +(4)2 = 𝑟 2 (𝑥 + 5)2 +(𝑦 − 0)2 = 17
(−1)2 +16 = 𝑟 2 Or
1+16 = 𝑟 2 (𝑥 + 5)2 +𝑦 2 = 17
17= 𝑟 2
2. Parabola
 Is made from a plane intersecting a cone at an angle parallel to
the slant edge.
2. Parabola
 Let F be a given point, and ℓ a given line not containing F. The
set of all points P such that its distances from F and from ℓ are
the same, is called a parabola.
P(x, y)
ℓ Pℓ
Directrix
2. Parabola
 A set of points on the coordinate plane that are of equal distance
from a fixed point and line. The fixed point is called focus and the
fixed line is called the directrix.
P(x, y)
ℓ Pℓ
Directrix
2. Parabola
The line connecting two points on the parabola and passing through the
focus is called the latus rectum. The Axis of symmetry is the line which divides
the parabola into two equal parts and passes through the vertex and the focus.
P(x, y)
ℓ Pℓ
Directrix
2. Parabola
Standard Equations of Parabola with vertex at (h, k) and axis of symmetry
Parallel to a coordinate axis
Vertices Foci Directrices Equation Description
1. (ℎ, 𝑘) (ℎ ± 𝑝, 𝑘) 𝑥 =ℎ−𝑝 (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 4𝑝(𝑥 − ℎ) The axis of symmetry is 𝑦 = 𝑘

Open to the right if p>0
Open to the left if p<0
2. (ℎ, 𝑘) (ℎ, 𝑘 ± 𝑝) 𝑦 =𝑘−𝑝 (𝑥 − ℎ)2 = 4𝑝(𝑦 − 𝑘) The axis of symmetry is 𝑥 = ℎ
Opens upward if p>0
Opens downward if p<0
The general Equation of a parabola is;

𝐴𝑥 2 + 𝐷𝑥 + 𝐸𝑦 + 𝐹 = 0, 𝐸 ≠ 0 𝑖𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑎 𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑠 𝑢𝑝𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑/𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑
𝐴𝑥 2 + 𝐷𝑥 + 𝐸𝑦 + 𝐹 = 0, 𝐷 ≠ 0 𝑖𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑎 𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑤𝑎𝑦𝑠
Example 1: Identify the coordinates of the vertex, focus, and the equations of
the axis of symmetry and directrix. Then Sketch the graph.
1. (𝑥 − 2)2 = 4 𝑦 − 1
opening of parabola: Upward p>0
4𝑝 = 4
4 =4
P= 1 x=2
Vertex: (2, 1)
h, k
Focus: (h, k+p)—(2, 1+1)—(2, 2)
F (2, 2)
Axis of Symmetry: x=h—(x=2)
Directrix: 𝑦 = 𝑘 − 𝑝 =1-1
V (2, 1)
y=0
y=0
3. Ellipse
 Is made from a plane intersecting a cone at an angle parallel to the
slant edge.
3. Ellipse
 Let 𝐹1 and 𝐹2 be two distinct points. The set of all points P, Whose
distances from 𝐹1 and from 𝐹2 add up to a certain constant, is
called an ellipse. The points 𝐹1 and 𝐹2 are called the foci of the
ellipse.
𝑃1
𝐹1 𝐹2
𝑃2
𝑷𝟏 𝑭𝟏 + 𝑭𝟏 𝑷𝟐 = 𝑷𝟐 𝑭𝟐 + 𝑭𝟐 𝑷𝟏
3. Ellipse
 Let 𝐹1 and 𝐹2 be two distinct points. The set of all points P, Whose
distances from 𝐹1 and from 𝐹2 add up to a certain constant, is
called an ellipse. The points 𝐹1 and 𝐹2 are called the foci of the
ellipse.
Standard Equation of Ellipse with Center (h, k)
Vertices Foci Endpoint of Equation Description Directrices Axis of
Minor Axis symmetry
(ℎ ± 𝑎, 𝑘) (ℎ ± 𝑐, 𝑘) (ℎ ± 𝑏, 𝑘) (𝑥 − ℎ)2 (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 Major Axis is 𝑎 Both Axis
+ 𝑥 =ℎ±
𝑎2 𝑏2 Horizontal 𝑒
a>b
(ℎ, 𝑘 ± 𝑎) (ℎ, 𝑘 ± 𝑐) (ℎ, 𝑘 ± 𝑏) (𝑥 − ℎ)2 (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 Major Axis is 𝑎 Both Axis
+ 𝑦=𝑘±
𝑏2 𝑎2 Vertical 𝑒
3. Ellipse Properties:
𝑐 • a, b, c
Eccentricity: 𝑒 =
𝑎 • Center
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑓𝑜𝑐𝑢𝑠 • Vertex
e(a constant)=
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑥 • Covertex( endpoints of
e=0 for Circle Minor axis)
0<e<1 for Ellipse • Foci
• Directrix
e=1 for Parabola • Axis of Symmetry
e>1 for hyperbola • Major Axis
The general form of the equation of an ellipse is • Length of Major Axis
• Minor Axis
𝐴𝑥 2 + 𝐶𝑦 2 + 𝐷𝑥 + 𝐸𝑦 + 𝐹 = 0 • Length of Minor Axis
with AC>0 and a≠ 0.
Example 1: Identify the properties of the equations and sketch the graph.
(𝑥−2)2 (𝑦−1)2 Axis of Symmetry: x=2; y=1
1. + =1 a=4, b=2, c= 12 Major Axis: Horizontal
16 4
Center(h, k): 2, 1) Minor Axis: Vertical
Vertex (h±𝑎, 𝑘): (2 ±4, 1)
𝑉1 : 6, 1 & 𝑉2 : −2, 1
Foci (h ±c, k): (2± 12, 1)
𝐹1 : 2 + 12, 1 or (5.46, 1)
& 𝐹2 : 2 − 12, 1 or −1.46, 1
Covertex (h, k±𝑏): (2, 1±2) 𝐵1
𝑉1 c 𝑉2
𝐵1 : 2, 3 & 𝐵2 : 2, −1 𝐹1 𝐹2
𝑎 4
Directrix 𝑥 = ℎ ± : 𝑋1 : 2 + 12 ; 2+4.61=6.61 𝐵2
𝑒
4
4
𝑋2 : 2 − 12
; 2-4.61=-2.61
4
4. Hyperbola
 Is made from a plane intersecting both halves of a double cone,
but not passing through the apex.
4. Hyperbola
Let 𝐹1 and 𝐹2 be two distinct points. The set of all points P,
Whose distances from 𝐹1 and 𝐹2 differ by a certain constant, is called
a hyperbola. The points 𝐹1 and 𝐹2 are called the foci of the hyperbola.
𝑃2
𝑃1
𝑭𝟏 𝑷𝟏 − 𝑭𝟐 𝑷𝟐 = 𝑭𝟏 𝑷𝟐 − 𝑭𝟐 𝑷𝟐
𝐹1 𝐹2
4. Hyperbola
A hyperbola is a set of all points in the plane such that the
absolute value of the difference of the distances from two fixed points
are called the foci of the hyperbola.
𝑃2
𝑃1
𝑭𝟏 𝑷𝟏 − 𝑭𝟐 𝑷𝟐 = 𝑭𝟏 𝑷𝟐 − 𝑭𝟐 𝑷𝟐
𝐹1 𝐹2
4. Hyperbola
Transverse Axis of the parabola is the line that connects the vertices and
has the length of 2a.
Conjugate Axis is the line that connects the co-vertices and has a length
of 2b
𝑃2
𝑃1
𝑭𝟏 𝑷𝟏 − 𝑭𝟐 𝑷𝟐 = 𝑭𝟏 𝑷𝟐 − 𝑭𝟐 𝑷𝟐
𝐹1 𝐹2
4. Hyperbola
Standard Equation of Ellipse with Center (h, k)
Equation Vertices Foci Endpoints of Asymptotes Directrices
conjugate axis
(𝑥 − ℎ)2 𝑦−𝑘 2 (ℎ ± 𝑎, 𝑘) (ℎ ± 𝑐, 𝑘) (ℎ, 𝑘 ± 𝑏) 𝑏 𝑎

− =1 𝑦 − 𝑘 = ± (𝑥 − ℎ) 𝑥=ℎ±
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑎 𝑒
𝑏2 = 𝑐 2 − 𝑎2
𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏2
(𝑦 − 𝑘)2 𝑥−ℎ 2 (ℎ, 𝑘 ± 𝑎) (ℎ, 𝑘 ± 𝑐) (ℎ ± 𝑏, 𝑘) 𝑎 𝑎

− =1 𝑦 − 𝑘 = ± (𝑥 − ℎ) 𝑦=𝑘±
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑏 𝑒
𝑏2 = 𝑐 2 − 𝑎2
4. Hyperbola
Steps in graphing the Hyperbola:

1. Find the vertices of the hyperbola
2. Draw the fundamental triangle
3. Sketch the asymptote as diagonals
4. Sketch the graph. Each graph goes through the
vertex and approaches each asymptotes.
𝑥2 𝑦2
Example 1: Sketch the graph: − 2 =1
52 4
𝑎2 = 52 𝑏2 = 42 𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏2
a=5 𝑏=4 𝑐 2 = 25 + 16 → 𝑐 = 41
h, k
Center: (0, 0) 𝑎 𝑐 41
Vertex (h±𝑎, 𝑘)= (0±5, 0) Directrix: x=ℎ ± e= =
𝑒 𝑎 5
𝑉1 : 5, 0 & 𝑉2 : −5, 0 5
x=0 ± 41
F(h±𝑐, 𝑘): F(0± 41, 0) 5
𝐹1 : 41 ,0 & 𝐹2 : − 41, 0 𝑥1 = 3.9
B(h, k±𝑏): (0, 0±4) 𝑥2 = −3.9
𝐵1 : 0, 4 & 𝐵2 : 0, −4
𝑏
Assymptotes: 𝑦 − 𝑘 = ± 𝑥 − ℎ
𝑎
4
𝑦 − 0 = ± (𝑥 − 0)
5
4 4
𝑦1 = 𝑥 & 𝑦2 =- 𝑥
5 5
𝑥2 𝑦2
Graph: − =1
52 4 2
y
4 4
𝑦2 =-5 𝑥 𝑦1 =5 𝑥
𝐵1
𝑉2 c 𝑉1
x
𝐹2 𝐹1
𝐵2
Thank you
for listening!!!

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CONIC SECTIONS

PREPARED BY: ROQUI MABUGAY GONZAGA

A circle is the locus of points that are

The circle has a center, C(h, k)

1. (ℎ, 𝑘) (ℎ ± 𝑝, 𝑘) 𝑥 =ℎ−𝑝 (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 4𝑝(𝑥 − ℎ) The axis of symmetry is 𝑦 = 𝑘

The general Equation of a parabola is;

(𝑥 − ℎ)2 𝑦−𝑘 2 (ℎ ± 𝑎, 𝑘) (ℎ ± 𝑐, 𝑘) (ℎ, 𝑘 ± 𝑏) 𝑏 𝑎

(𝑦 − 𝑘)2 𝑥−ℎ 2 (ℎ, 𝑘 ± 𝑎) (ℎ, 𝑘 ± 𝑐) (ℎ ± 𝑏, 𝑘) 𝑎 𝑎

Steps in graphing the Hyperbola:

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