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Irect Emory Ccess

DMA allows data to be transferred directly between RAM and peripheral devices like sound cards and video cards without using the CPU. This saves processing time and allows the CPU to perform other tasks simultaneously. DMA channels are pathways that devices use to directly access memory, while a DMA controller manages the DMA operations and frees up the CPU to do other work during transfers.

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34 views7 pages

Irect Emory Ccess

DMA allows data to be transferred directly between RAM and peripheral devices like sound cards and video cards without using the CPU. This saves processing time and allows the CPU to perform other tasks simultaneously. DMA channels are pathways that devices use to directly access memory, while a DMA controller manages the DMA operations and frees up the CPU to do other work during transfers.

Uploaded by

mayur chourasiya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DMA

Direct Memory Access


INTRODUCTION
 DMA is a method of transferring data from the
computer’s RAM to another part of the computer
without processing it using the CPU.
 While most data that is input or output from
your computer is processed by the CPU, some
data does not require processing, or can be
processed by another device.
 DMA can save processing time and is a more
efficient way to move data from the computer’s
memory to other devices.
NEED OF DMA
 A sound card may need to access data stored in
the computer’s RAM, but since it can process the
data itself, it may use DMA to bypass the CPU.
 Video cards that support DMA can also access
the system memory and process graphics without
needing the CPU.
WITHOUT DMA VS WITH DMA
 Without DMA, when the CPU is using
programmed input/output, it is typically fully
occupied for the entire duration of the read or
write operation, and is thus unavailable to
perform other work.
 With DMA the CPU initiates the transfer, does
other operation while the transfer is in progress,
and receives an interrupt from the DMA
controller when the operation is done.
TERMIINOLOGY
 DMA Channel:- System pathway used by a
device to transfer information directly to and
from memory. There are usually 8 in a computer
system.
 DMA Controller:- Dedicated hardware used for
controlling the DMA operation.
 Single cycle mode:- DMA data transfer is done
one byte at a time.
 Burst mode:- DMA transfer is finished when all
data has been removed.
ADVANTAGE
 DMA allows a peripheral device to read
from/write to memory without going through the
CPU.
 DMA allows for faster processing since the
processor can be working on something else while
the peripheral can be populating memory.
DISADVANTAGE
 DMA transfer requires a DMA controller to carry
out the operation, hence cost of the system
increases.
 Cache Coherence problems. Cache coherence
refers to the consistency of data stored in local
caches of a shared resource.

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