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II - L1 - Intro To DBMS

The document discusses the need for database management systems and some fundamental database concepts. It notes that traditionally, data was stored in independent files without organization, leading to issues like data redundancy, inconsistency, and lack of integration. It then defines some basic data elements and structures, including records, files, and databases. It also outlines several common database models - hierarchical, network, relational, multidimensional, and object-oriented - and provides a brief description of each. Finally, it mentions some types of databases like operational, distributed, external, and hypermedia databases.

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aarti Hinge
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63 views12 pages

II - L1 - Intro To DBMS

The document discusses the need for database management systems and some fundamental database concepts. It notes that traditionally, data was stored in independent files without organization, leading to issues like data redundancy, inconsistency, and lack of integration. It then defines some basic data elements and structures, including records, files, and databases. It also outlines several common database models - hierarchical, network, relational, multidimensional, and object-oriented - and provides a brief description of each. Finally, it mentions some types of databases like operational, distributed, external, and hypermedia databases.

Uploaded by

aarti Hinge
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BBAHA 504 (RS)

Need for DBMS

• Data are an organizational resource that


must be managed as any other resource

• Data resources must be structured and


organized in some logical manner so they
can be accessed, processed, retrieved, and
managed easily

BBAHA 504 (RS)


Traditional File Processing

• Data was stored in independent files without


regard to other needs for that data
• Data Redundancy

• Data Inconsistency
• Lack of data Integration – data not easily
available for ad hoc requests
• Data Dependence – data and programs were
“tightly coupled”
• Lack of Data Integrity (Standardization)
BBAHA 504 (RS)
Fundamental Data Concepts

• Character
– Basic logical data element
– Single alpha or numeric symbol
• Field
– Grouping of related characters
– represents an attribute of some entity
• Record
– grouping of attributes that describe an
entity
BBAHA 504 (RS)
Fundamental Data Concepts

• File
– group of related data records

• Database
– collection of logically related data
elements

BBAHA 504 (RS)


Database Structures (Models)
• Hierarchical Structure – treelike structure

• Network Structure – similar to hierarchical


but allows many-to-many relationships (a
child record can have more than one parent)

• Relational Structure – the most widely used


database model today; data is represented
as a series of two-dimensional tables called
Relations
BBAHA 504 (RS)
Database Structures

• Multidimensional Structure – variation of the


Relational model. OLAP

• Object-oriented Structure

BBAHA 504 (RS)


Hierarchical

BBAHA 504 (RS)


Network

BBAHA 504 (RS)


Relational

• Most widely used structure

• Data elements are stored in tables

• Row represents a record; column is a field

• Can relate data in one file with data in another, if both files
share a common data element BBAHA 504 (RS)
Object Oriented

• Object
• data values describing attributes
• Operations that can be performed on the data

• Encapsulation
• Combine data and operations

• Inheritance
• New objects can be created by replicating some
or all of the characteristics of parent objects

BBAHA 504 (RS)


Types of Databases

• Operational Databases – store detailed data


to support business processes and
operations
• Distributed Databases – many organizations
distribute their databases over multiple
locations
• External Databases – outside the firm, free or
fee-based
• Hypermedia Databases – hyperlinked pages
of multimedia
BBAHA 504 (RS)

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