Guided By: Presented By:: Mr. Sunny KC Name: SNEHA MOHAN (STC16CE040/S5) KARTHIKA S (STC16CE022/S5)

Guided by: Presented by:
Mr. Sunny KC Name: SNEHA MOHAN (STC16CE040/S5)

Asst. professor KARTHIKA S (STC16CE022/S5)
Department Civil Engg. ARYA SURENDRAN (STC16CE011/S5)
STCET Department of Civil Engg.
STCET
1. INTRODUCTION
2. OBJECTIVE
3. FUNCTIONALITY
4. MATERIALS & SPECIFICATIONS
5. CONSTRUCTION
6. CAUSE OF MORE DESTRUCTION
7. EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT BUILDING TECHNIQUES
8. BASE ISOLATION METHOD
9. ENERGY DISSIPATION DEVICE
10. TYPES OF DAMPERS
11. MASS REDUCTION TECHNIQUES FOR RETROFITTING
12. ADDING STEEL BRACING
13. DIFFERENT TYPES OF RETROFITTING TECHNIQUES
14. IS CODES FOR EARTHQUAKE DESIGN STRUCTURE
15. QUALITY
16. ASTHETICS
17. SAFETY
18. CONCLUSION
19. REFERENCE
• Seismic retrofitting of constructions are vulnerable to
earthquake.
• In the past thirty years moderate to severe earthquakes
have occurred in India, Such events clearly show the
vulnerability of the building stock.
• Aim is to focus on a few specific procedure which helps
the evaluation of seismic vulnerability and retrofitting of
buildings such as base isolation ,energy dissipation etc
 To Design examples for seismic retrofit and evaluation
of building regarding whether the repaired buildings
will meet a recognized engineering standard for life-
safety performance in future earthquakes….
• Functions that can be performed by using Seismic
retrofitting of building are;
• To provide existing structures with more resistance to
seismic activity due to earthquake.
• Includes strengthening of weak connections found in
the roof to Wall connections, shear walls.
• To ensure safety and security of the building and
essential to reduce hazards and losses from non
structural elements.
SEISMIC TRANSVERSE LONGITUDINAL
ZONE DIRECTION DIRECTION
HIGH ORGINAL 57 34
SEISMICITY BUILDING
BUILDING + 25 40
WALLS
SR+W 0 0
MEDIUM ORGINAL 40 8
SEISMICITY BUILDING
BUILDING 0 16
+WALLS
SR+W 0 0
LOW ORGINAL 0 0
SEISMICITY BUILDING
BUILDING+ 0 0
WALLS
SR+W 0 0
Fig.1 Idealised force Fig. 2 Isometric view of
deformation curve the building
Figure 3: Typical Floor Figure 4: Building Section
Plan at Discontinuous Line D
Shear
 The destruction of building structures by earthquakes
was seen a lot due to some reasons and causes ; some
of the main causes are;
 Type of building construction (brick, stone, RCC,..).
 Non engineered construction.
 Low quality of construction.
 No use of existing building codes.
 No well trained masons.
 Some building constructed on mountain slope without
proper balance.
Earthquakes are one of the main reasons of the collapse
of the structures , many studies have been focusing on
decreasing the impact of seismic waves on the
structures. Among this some of the most important
advanced techniques of earthquake resistant design
and constructions are ;
 Base Isolation
 Energy Dissipation Devices
 A base isolated structure is supported by a series of
bearing pads which are placed between the building &
building foundation .
 The bearing is very stiff and strong in the vertical
direction, but flexible in the horizontal direction.
 Base isolated buildings in earthquakes have been
shown to reduce building accelerations, which each
building undergoes as percentage of gravity.
Figure.6 Figure.7
 By contrast , even though it too is displacing , the base
isolated building retains its orginal rectangular shape. It
is the lead rubber bearings supported the building that
are deformed.
 The base isolated building itself escapes deformation
and damage, which implies the internal forces acting on
the base isolated building have been reduced.
 The primary cause of earthquake damage to building
undergoes as a result of the inertial forces acting on it.
ADVANTAGES OF BASE ISOLATION
 Building can remain serviceable throughout

construction.
 Isolate building from ground motion.
 Lesser seismic loads, lesser damage to structure.
DISADVANTAGES OF BASE ISOLATION
 Expensive
 Cannot be applied partially to structures unlike other
retrofitting.
 Challenging to implement in an efficient manner.
 This method involves new techniques for improving
the earthquake resistance of buildings.
 It also relies upon damping and energy dissipation
provided by lead rubber bearings.
 A certain amount of vibration energy is transferred to
the building by earthquake ground motion.
 Buildings themselves possess an ability to dissipate or
damp energy.
 Acceleration is decreased.
 The rubber isolation bearings don’t suffer any
damage.
 The plug dissipates the energy of motion convert to
heat energy and reducing the energy to enter into
building and reduces vibrations.
 Most of the earthquake ground motion is in
horizontal direction.
 Building column undergo displacement relative to
motion of ground.
 Hence the damping device is installed as apart of
bracing system.
 Frictional Dampers; these utilizes frictional forces to
dissipate energy.
 Metallic Dampers; utilize the deformation of metal
elements within the damper.
 Viscoelastic Dampers; utilizes the controlled shearing
of solid.
 Viscous Dampers; Utilized the forced movement of
fluids with in the damper.
 This method is achieved by removal of one or more
storey’s from the structure.
 In this case evident that removal of the mass will lead
to a decrease in the period, which will lead to an
increase in the required strength.
Figure. 9
Seismic Retrofitting
by mass reduction
 An effective solution when large openings are required.
 Adding steel bracings provide Potential advantages due
to higher strength and stiffness , openings for natural
light can be provided.
 Amount of work is less since foundation cost may be
minimized .
 This method adds much less weight to existing
structure.
 IS : 1893-2002 ( part-1) criteria for Earthquake
Resistant Design of Structures –Code of Practice.
 IS : 4326-2002 Earthquake Resistant Design and
Construction of Buildings –Code of Practice.
 IS : 13920-1993 Ductile Detailing of Reinforce
Concrete Structures subjected to Seismic Forces –Code
of Practice.
 Is : 13827-1993 Improving Earthquake Resistance of
Low Strength Masonry Buildings – Guidelines.
REINFORCEMENT IN MASONRY :-
Since steel is ductile, providing steel reinforcements
in masonry will improve the ductility of the system. A
hollow cavity is made between two layers of bricks
and steel rebars, in both horizontal and vertical
reinforcements, are inserted into this cavity and then
grout is poured into the cavity to fill the space.
Through this arrangement, steel is sandwiched
between the layers of masonry, thereby helping in
resisting the horizontal seismic force.
 The method of seismic retrofitting of existing masonry
constructions reduces the deficiencies in the beam column
joint
 Ensure safety & security of the building, employees ,
structural functionality ,machinery etc..
 Hence the marketability is improved and the risk of injury
is reduced , it also provides structural improvement to
reduce seismic hazards.
Figure 11: Isometric of Figure 12: Isometric of
the URM Building the Truck-under Building
 This method is essential to reduce hazard and losses
from non-structural elements occurs due to
earthquakes.
 Predominantly concerned with structural Improvement
to reduce seismic hazard.
 Insurance companies.
• This method is useful for application for seismic
retrofitting of existing masonry constructions
vulnerable to earthquakes.
• It discusses about earthquake engineering problems and
the traditional methods of seismic retrofitting.
• In short this method provide existing structures with
more resistance to seismic activity.
 Lakshmanan, N. (2006). “Seismic Qualification of Reinforced
Concrete Structures”, Proceedings of the National Conference
on Earthquake Analysis and Design of Structures (EQADS-06),
PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, pp. K33-K48
 ATC (1996). “Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit of Concrete
Buildings”, Report ATC-40, Applied
Technology Council, Redwood City, U.S.A. (also Report SSC
96-01, Seismic Safety Commission,
State of California, Sacramento, U.S.A.).
 Cosenza, E., Manfredi, G. and Ramasco, R. (1993). “The Use of
Damage Functionals in Earthquake
Engineering:

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 Building can remain serviceable throughout

DISADVANTAGES OF BASE ISOLATION

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