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Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental disorder characterized by unwanted and repeated thoughts (obsessions) and behaviors (compulsions) performed in response to those thoughts. Common obsessions include fears of contamination, harm, and symmetry, while common compulsions include cleaning, checking, and ordering/arranging. The causes are unknown but may involve genetics, biology, and environment. Treatment involves psychotherapy like cognitive behavioral therapy which uses exposure therapy and prevention of compulsive rituals, as well as antidepressant medication.

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97 views13 pages

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental disorder characterized by unwanted and repeated thoughts (obsessions) and behaviors (compulsions) performed in response to those thoughts. Common obsessions include fears of contamination, harm, and symmetry, while common compulsions include cleaning, checking, and ordering/arranging. The causes are unknown but may involve genetics, biology, and environment. Treatment involves psychotherapy like cognitive behavioral therapy which uses exposure therapy and prevention of compulsive rituals, as well as antidepressant medication.

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jonel lorenzo
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Obsessive compulsive

disorder(OCD)
Obsessive compulsive disorder(OCD)

 Is a mental disorder in which people have unwanted and repeated


thoughts,feelings,ideas,sensations(obsession)and behavior that drive them to do
something over and over(compulsion)
 Often the person carries out the behaviors to get rid of the obsessive
thoughts.but this only provides them short time relief. Not doing the obsessive
rituals can cause great anxiety and distress
 Parent and teachers often recognize OCD symptoms in children.most people are
diagnosed by age 19-20 but sometimes show symptoms until 30.
 Diagnostically, OCD is characterized by obsessions and/or compulsions that
consume more than 1 hour per day or cause clinically significant distress or
impairment (APA, 2013).
 Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder A personality disorder
characterized by preoccupations with perfectionism, orderliness,
and self-control as well as low levels of flexibility and efficiency.
OBSESSION AND COMPULSION

OBSESSION- Obsessions include recurrent and persistent thoughts,


urges, or images (e.g., thoughts of contamination or urges to kill
someone) of an intrusive or unwanted nature, which individuals
attempt to suppress, ignore, or neutralize (e.g., by performing a
compulsion).

COMPULSION- Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts


(e.g., counting or washing) individuals engage in to prevent or reduce
anxiety or distress.
OCD is a clinically heterogeneous disorder with various presentations of
obsessions and/or compulsions. Although individuals do not need to
endorse both obsessions and compulsions to meet diagnostic criteria
(APA, 2013), 96% of outpatients with OCD report experiencing both,
whereas 2% endorse predominant obsessions and 2% report
predominant compulsions (Foa & Kozak, 1995). Among this large
sample of individuals from the DSM-IV field trials, the most common
obsession reported was contamination (37.8%), followed by fear of
harming self or others (23.6%) and symmetry (10%). The most common
compulsions reported were checking (28.2%) and cleaning/washing
(26.6%). Other obsessions included somatic, religious, and sexual
obsessions, whereas other compulsions included repeating, mental
rituals, ordering, and counting.
CAUSE (unknown)
FACTORS:
 HEAD INJURY
 INFECTIONS
 ABNORMAL FUNCTION IN CERTAIN AREA OF THE BRAIN
 PHYSICAL OR SEXUAL ABUSE

MAIN FACTORS
 BIOLOGY
 GENETICS(FAMILY HISTORY)
 ANXIETY
 ENVIRONMENT
OCD FOUR FACTORS(META
ANALYSIS STUDIES)
 symmetry(symmetry obsessions and repeating, counting, and
ordering compulsions)
 cleaning (contamination obsessions and cleaning compulsions)
 forbidden thoughts (aggressive, religious, and sexual obsessions)
 hoarding (hoarding obsessions and compulsions)
THEMES, SIGNS, AND SYMPTOMS
Obsessions often have themes to them, such as:
thoughts, including aggression, or sexual or religious subjects

 Fear of contamination or dirt


 Needing things orderly and symmetrical
 Aggressive or horrific thoughts about harming yourself or others
 Unwanted
Examples of obsession signs and symptoms include:
 Fear of being contaminated by touching objects others have touched
 Doubts that you've locked the door or turned off the stove
 Intense stress when objects aren't orderly or facing a certain way
 Images of hurting yourself or someone else that are unwanted and make you uncomfortable
 Thoughts about shouting obscenities or acting inappropriately that are unwanted and make you
uncomfortable
 Avoidance of situations that can trigger obsessions, such as shaking hands
 Distress about unpleasant sexual images repeating in your mind
As with obsessions, compulsions typically have themes, such as:
 Washing and cleaning
 Checking
 Counting
 Orderliness
 Following a strict routine
 Demanding reassurances
Examples of compulsion signs and symptoms include:
 Hand-washing until your skin becomes raw
 Checking doors repeatedly to make sure they're locked
 Checking the stove repeatedly to make sure it's off
 Counting in certain patterns
 Silently repeating a prayer, word or phrase
 Arranging your canned goods to face the same way
DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA
A pervasive pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism,
and mental and interpersonal control, at the expense of flexibility,
openness, and efficiency, beginning by early adulthood and present in
a variety of contexts, as indicated by four (or more) of the following:
(1) is preoccupied with details, rules, lists, order, organization, or
schedules to the extent that the major point of the activity is lost
(2) shows perfectionism that interferes with task completion (e.g., is
unable to complete a project because his or her own overly strict
standards are not met)
(3) is excessively devoted to work and productivity to the exclusion of
leisure activities and friendships (not accounted for by obvious
economic necessity)
(4) is overconscientious, scrupulous, and inflexible about matters of
morality, ethics, or values (not accounted for by cultural or religious
identification)
(5) is unable to discard worn-out or worthless objects even when they
have no sentimental value
(6) is reluctant to delegate tasks or to work with others unless they
submit to exactly his or her way of doing things
(7) adopts a miserly spending style toward both self and others; money
is viewed as something to be hoarded for future catastrophes (8)
shows rigidity and stubbornness
TREATMENT
 PSYCHOTHERAPY

COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY

A TREATMENT FOR OCD THAT USES TWO


SCIENTIFICALLY BASED TECHNIQUES TO CHANGE
PERSONS BEHAVIOR AN THOUGHTS.EXPOSURE
AND RITUAL PREVENTION(EPR), A TYPE OF CBT
THERAPHY, INVOLVES GRADUALLY EXPOSING YOU
TO A FEARED OBJECT OR OBSESSION AND HAVING
YOU LEARN HEALTHY WAYS TO COPE UP W/ YOUR
ANXIETY.

 MEDICINE

ANTIDEPRESSANTS
THANK YOU
FOR LISTENING

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