Certified Installer Training

1  MPN
a division of molex
History

2  MPN
a division of molex
1. We will discuss the history of
Molex Premise Networks.
2. Discuss the basics of
Local Area Networks,
topologies, define
Structured Cabling
Systems and the types
of systems the cabling grid
supports.
3. We will review the accepted
industry standards

3  MPN
a division of molex
 History
1977
Incorporated as Darlabs, as a data cabling
installation company. Primary customer was
DEC
1982
Invented the industry’s first modular jack to D-
Sub Connector. Began reputation as innovators
in communication cabling solutions

4  MPN
a division of molex
 History
1983
Moved from Installer to Manufacturer
Changed name to MOD-TAP
Developed industry’s first, multiple, RJ 45 modular unit
which the industry recognized as a patch panel
(One year later, in 1984, AT&T forced to divest)
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20
19
18
17
16
15
14
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12
11
9 10
7 8

5 6
4
3
2
1

TM
¨

k
Networ
Premise
Molex

1985
Opened MOD-TAP UK Office
5  MPN
a division of molex
 History

1990
Opened MOD-TAP Australia Office

Released “USO” product line with industry’s first

6 outlet wall plate. Now become an industry
standard.

6  MPN
a division of molex
 History
1991
Opened MOD-TAP office in Japan. Now operated
under the Molex Japan Office.
1992
Opened MOD-TAP Poland Office
Introduced KATT Insulation Displacement
Contact, (IDC).

7  MPN
a division of molex
 IDC (1) Planar Split Beam
Disadvantages:
Single wire only
Wire can "walk out"
Pitch is determined by forces required

Pitch

8  MPN
a division of molex
 IDC (2) Angular Split Beam
Disadvantages:
Housing required to keep wire from
rotating out.
Plate capacitance

9  MPN
a division of molex
 IDC (3) KATT

KATT is TIA 568 3.81 mm Pitch

and Category 5
Same density as 110,
better than LSA+

Uses either 110 or

Krone tooling

Available in IDC and

PCB versions

Accepts 2 wires in the IDC slot

10  MPN
a division of molex
 History
 1995. Merged with Molex Corporation
 Released Passport product line

 1997 Released POWERCat product line.

Enhanced Category 5, (Cat5e).

11  MPN
a division of molex
 History

• August 1, 1999 - Company name change to

MOLEX Premise Networks
• July 2000 - Released MTRJ Fibre Connector.
Small form factor duplex fibre connector
• August 2000 - Released PowerCat 6 Product
Range. Category 6 offereing

12  MPN
a division of molex
 Molex Premise Networks

Warsaw, Poland, Hudson, New Hampshire, USA

Tokyo, Japan Southampton, England
Manila, Philippines Melton, Victoria, Australia
Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Paris, France,
Johannesburg, S. Africa Hong Kong,
Bangalore, India 13
Beijing, Shanghai, China  MPN
a division of molex
 Manufacturing and Operations
 Hudson, NH, USA supports Americas and
areas not covered by other locations.

 Fareham, Hampshire, England supports

Western Europe, Middle East and Africa.

 Warsaw, Poland supports Eastern Europe

and the Russian republics.

 Melton, Australia supports South Pacific

and India

 Hong Kong, supports Asia 14  MPN

a division of molex
Products

15  MPN
a division of molex
MOLEX PREMISE NETWORKS
provides the “Total Solution”.
Installed Product Areas

Patch Panels
Cabinets
Outlets
Horizontal Cable
Backbone fibre
Campus connection

16  MPN
a division of molex
 Synergy (PassPort)
High Density Wall Plate
Dual Gang Wall Plate
Combines copper and fiber
Clear plastic channel identifier
Provides cable management
UL 1863

17  MPN
a division of molex
 USO II - Cat 5e
Zero footprint shutters Snap in icons
Colored jacks Performs 3x over 5e
bandwidth specifications
of 350 MHz

18  MPN
a division of molex
Synergy (PassPort)

19  MPN
a division of molex
DataGate Outlets

20  MPN
a division of molex
 Express KATT
Premise Distribution System
• Installation cost less
• Sectional alignment
virtually automatic
• Bases simply snap
onto rail
• Over 3.6 inches (92 mm)
wall clearance behind
bases.
• Cable dressing easy
and fast

21  MPN
a division of molex
 Distribution Frames
• Open bay
racks
Omega
• Wall mount
enclosures
• Equipment
shelves

22  MPN
a division of molex
Universal Patching Frame

23  MPN
a division of molex
 High Density IDC Patching
• Rear cable management tray
• Improved front labeling
• Additional mounting holes
• Regulatory approvals
UL Category 5, 5e and 1863
CSA

24  MPN
a division of molex
 Unique Rear Cable Management
Tray
• Available as an option for IDC patching
• Assures adherence to Cat 5 & 5e cable
bend radius requirements
• Includes Velcro tie downs

25  MPN
a division of molex
 RICI Rapid Inter-Connect Interface
• Ideal for
zone cabling.
• Manages six 4 pair
copper channels
• Reconfigures
multiple channels
simultaneously

26  MPN
a division of molex
EZ Patch

27  MPN
a division of molex
EZ Patch

28  MPN
a division of molex
 Copper Products

TM
TM

Ring Runs + Covers

29  MPN
a division of molex
Rack Mount Optical Fiber

 MPN
a division of molex
 24 Port FMS Termination Drawer
• Fully enclosed patching and fiber slack storage.
Occupies one rack
position

Uses 6 - Pak/Adapter
Plates: ST, SC, FDDI or
ESCON

Includes keyed lock for

added security

31  MPN
a division of molex
 WR 12/24 Enclosure

•Medium density optical fiber enclosure

•Can be wall mounted or rack mounted

32  MPN
a division of molex
Wall Mount DEMARK
• Configurable Patching
and Splicing Cabinets
Fully enclosed
splicing and/or
patching for
6 - 36 or 6 - 72 fibers
Rugged all metal
construction
Designed to maintain
proper cable bend
radius

33  MPN
a division of molex
FMS II
• Rack Mount Cabinet
Occupies three rack
positions
Front panel swings
out for easier
installation
Fully enclosed patch
field
Accepts up to 72
fibers

34  MPN
a division of molex
 FMS PLUS

4U

8U

Rack Mount Fiber Management System

35  MPN
a division of molex
 Rack Mount Patching/Splicing
“FMS Plus”
High Density Patching up to 144F
• 4U 48/72 Fiber Single Patch or

Splice Panels
• 8U 96/144 Fiber Double Patch or

Splice Panels
• Field Configurable with Standard 6-

Pak Plates
• Removable Doors for Easy Entry

• Includes Internal Fiber

Management Rings
• Optional Keyed Lock

36  MPN
a division of molex
 Modlink - Plug and Play System
• Plug and Play Cabling
Available in both Multimode and Single Mode
Cable lengths available up to 2000 meters
• Cable supplied in 5 meter increments

Suitable for Backbone and Horizontal Consolidation Point

applications, Centralised Optical Fiber architectures
Single Mode utilizes Yellow cable with Green connector boots
Multi-mode utilizes Orange cable with Beige connector boots

37  MPN
a division of molex
 Fiber Products
ModLink Rack Mount Cassette for desk top
or premise backbone. Cable plenum rated
Available in 6 and 12 port with ST or SC connectors.

38  MPN
a division of molex
 Modlink - Plug and Play System
• Plug and Play Cabling
Preterminated 6 and
12 Fiber Plenum
Rated Ribbon Cable
Assemblies
Factory Terminated
with MTP Connectors
to Customer Specified
Lengths
Pulling Eye pre-installed
for trouble-free easy
installation

39  MPN
a division of molex
 High Density ModlinkTM Chassis
System
The new High Density
Modlink Chassis
TM

System, multiple Modlink TM

cables and cassettes can

be mounted quickly with
no tangled bunch of cables
to manage. These cabinets
feature removable doors
for easy entry with internal
cable management rings to
maintain proper cable bend
radius. A fully loaded
chassis system can support
144 optical fibers (soon to be
288 with our MTRJ and LC).

40  MPN
a division of molex
 LI-24
Wall Mount Cabinet
1. Constructed of heavy gauge steel in
our new Champagne color
2. Terminates up to
24 fibers
3. Uses 6-Pak/Adapter
Plates: ST, SC,
FDDI,ESCON
4. Optional clear
patch cord shield
5. Stackable

41  MPN
a division of molex
 Copper & Fiber Products
WM-12 is recommended for high security applications
for up to 18 fibers in our new Champagne color

42  MPN
a division of molex
 MMI and MMI-R
Surface Mount Outlets
Mixed media applications:
UTP, coax, fiber
Surface mounts directly
to any recessed wall box
High density: accepts up
to six USO modules
Available in attractive
USO colors (MMI) or with
heavy-duty steel cover
(MMI-R)

43  MPN
a division of molex
 Shuttered SC Modules
• Provides Dust Resistance
• Provides Eye Safety
• Can be mounted on
existing SC installations
or purchased pre-installed

44  MPN
a division of molex
 Synergy (PassPort)
High Density Fiber Plate

• Optical Fiber to
the Desk (OFTD)™
• Full multimedia
support
• Meets all TIA-568A
Requirements

45  MPN
a division of molex
 601 Series
• Low profile wall
mount multimedia
interface
Capacity for up to
six SC or ST fiber
terminations

46  MPN
a division of molex
 Demountable Wall Office
MUTO

Unifit

MUTO II

47  MPN
a division of molex
 Xpress Termination
• Xpress Termination
Connector
Fast Cure Epoxy -
cures within 15 sec
No Need for
Oven/Power
Complete Termination
within 2 minutes
Standard Preparation,
Polishing, and Testing
No New Tools

48  MPN
a division of molex
Xpress Termination

Available in
ST SC Connectors

49  MPN
a division of molex
 Breakout Kits
• Prepares Loose
Tube Cables for
Field Termination
Easy Installation
and Termination
Available in 4f, 6f,
8f, and 12f Sizes
Very Small Size

50  MPN
a division of molex
 Universal Fusion/Mechanical
Splice Trays
• Universal Splice Tray
up to 12 Fusion
or 10 Mechanical
Splices
Removable Cover
for Easy Access or
Re-entry
Can be Wall
Mounted or Placed
in FMS Plus Series
Patch/Splice Panel

51  MPN
a division of molex
Theory & Applications

52  MPN
a division of molex
 Session Objectives:
History of Networks

Discuss the theory

and approved
applications
(protocol) for
an installed
structured
cabling system.

53  MPN
a division of molex
 History
1950’s Network established for defense
related needs
1964 - First commercial mainframe for US
airline reservations.
1968 - Nationwide network established for
Air Traffic Control.
1970’s Advanced Research Project Agency
Network established. (Internet)
1980’s Deregulation of Customer Premise
Cabling

54  MPN
a division of molex
 History of Network Speeds
Date Data Speeds System Category
1977 2.5 Mbps ARCnet 3
1985 4 Mbps Token Ring 3
1989 10 Mbps 10BASE-T 3
1991 16 Mbps Token Ring 4
1993 100 Mbps TP-PMD 5
1995 155 Mbps ATM 5
1995 100 Mbps 100BASE-T4 3
1995 100 Mbps 100BASE-TX 5
Sept 26,1999 1 Gbps 1000BASE-TX 5e*
* also ratified were 5e performance specification as TIA 568-A-5
Four pair, UTP, Cat 5e, patch cords ratified under TIA 568-A-4
55  MPN
a division of molex
 Cabling Systems

Proprietary Cabling System: has specific

design parameters and is dependent on
network technology and/or vendor equipment

Structured Cabling System: has universal

cabling design which will support all LAN
protocols, most proprietary systems and is
vendor independent

56  MPN
a division of molex
 Benefits of a Structured Cabling
 Structured Cabling makes it easy to move and re-
site individual employees or complete department's

communications equipment.
 No downtime when reconnecting equipment
 No need for multiple cabling systems in a building
 Conventional methods are expensive in comparison
to Structured Cabling
 Future proof
 Independent of protocols
 Covers current & future requirements
 Allows total flexibility

57  MPN
a division of molex
 CHURN RATE

100% Churn Rate is generally defined as : In a

1,000 drop installation, everyone in an office is
moved at least once in a year. The actual rate is
NOT the most Important factor.

The most important factor is that the greater the

number of moves, then the quicker the
structured cabling installation pays for itself.

Infotronic survey

58  MPN
a division of molex
 CD

CAMPUS BACKBONE
CABLE

BD BD BD

BUILDING

Structured Cabling
BACKBONE
CABLE

System FD FD FD FD

ISO/IEC 11801 HORIZONTAL OPTIONAL

(AS/NZS 3080)
CABLE TRANSITION
POINT

TO TO TO TO

CD CAMPUS DISTRIBUTOR
BD BUILDING DISTRIBUTOR
FD FLOOR DISTRIBUTOR
TO TELECOMMUNICATIONS OUTLET

HIERARCHICAL STAR STRUCTURE. ISO/IEC 11801

59  MPN
a division of molex
   LEGEND

ER CROSS CONNECT
EQUIPMENT ROOM    ER 
HORIZONTAL CROSS CONNECT  HCC
INTERMEDIATE CROSS­CONNECT ICC
MC MAIN CROSS CONNECT   MCC
TELECOMMUNICATIONS CLOSET  TC
MCC TELECOMMUNICATIONS OUTLET

Structured WORK AREA     WA

Cabling System BACKBONE CABLING

(EIA/TIA 568-A) ER

IC
ICC

BACKBONE CABLING

TC TC TC TC
HC HC HC HC
HCC

HORIZONTAL
CABLING

WA WA WA WA

BACKBONE HIERARCHIAL STAR TOPOLOGY

60  MPN
a division of molex
 Local Area Networks, (LAN)

A data/com system allowing a number

of independent devices to communicate
directly with each other, within a moderate
sized geographic area over a physical
communications channel of moderate
data rates.
defined by IEEE

61  MPN
a division of molex
 Local Area Networks, (LAN)

Network Software
The operating system software which is
essential to the operation of the computers &
peripherals on the network. May reside on a file
server or individual work stations
Application Software
Shared resources for various data, voice & video
applications

62  MPN
a division of molex
 LAN

Network Hardware
The physical equipment, e.g.; PC, printer, file
servers, hubs, bridges and routers

Network Interface Card (NIC)

Allow connection of hardware to the network

Network Media
The copper, optical fiber or coaxial cable

63  MPN
a division of molex
 Local Area Networks, (LAN)

Platforms
• Token Ring @ 4 & 16 Mbps

• Ethernet @ 10, 100 & 1000 Mbps

• FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data Interface)

• ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode)

64  MPN
a division of molex
 LAN TOPOLOGIES

Token Ring
FDDI

Star Ring

Ethernet

Bus Mesh
Tree

65  MPN
a division of molex
 Hierarchical Sta
St r Topology

Logical Physical
66  MPN
a division of molex
 ARCnet
Attached Resource Computing Network -Datapoint Corporation in 1977

 Uses RG-62, 93 ohms impedance coax,

(Same as IBM 3270)
 Hub supports four or eight stations with
maximum network of 255 stations.
 Segments daisy- chained.
 Each NIC knows it’s address.
 5 MHz bandwidth.
 2.5 Mbps with 516 bytes packet size

67  MPN
a division of molex
 Ethernet Architecture

HUB

BUS Architecture Star Architecture

68  MPN
a division of molex
 Ethernet * (IEEE 802.3)
INTEL- XEROX-Digital Equipment Corporation

10 Mbps baseband
Carrier Sense Multi Access/Collision Detect
COAX - Thicknet @ 10 mm dia.
Thinnet @ 5 mm dia.
10base 5 = 50 ohms coax
2 = 50 ohms coax
T = Twisted pair
F = Fiber
1024 nodes maximum
IEEE 802.14 designates Fast Ethernet
IEEE 802.3Z designates Gigabit Ethernet
69  MPN
a division of molex
 Ethernet in the Horizontal

Ethernet Cards in chassis

Horizontal
Cable
Ethernet
NIC

M O D -TAP

Horizontal Panel

70  MPN
a division of molex
 Ring Architecture

Ring Topology Collapsed Ring in a Star Topology

71  MPN
a division of molex
 Token Ring (IEEE 802.5)
IBM 1985
 4 Mbps (1985) or 16 Mbps (1988) baseband
transfers data at 4 Mbps. Data rate
determined by Network Interface Card)
 Requires Media Filter Adapter for IBM
Type 1 which allows only data on specific
frequency (RJ 45 to 9 pin D sub)
 MAU (Multiple Access Units) supports 8 ports
 Maximum 72 nodes per single ring (Max 260 nodes)
 RI/RO ports connect MAU’s to complete ring
 CAU (Controlled Access Units) supports 4 LAM’s
(Lobe Attachment Modules) which support
20 nodes each.
72  MPN
a division of molex
 Token Ring (IEEE 802.5)
IBM 1985
 Token is 24 bits in length.
 Only the station with the token has exclusive
right to transmit.
 Station possessing the token, adds frame
(data and control fields).
 Frame passes from station to station.
 Destination station copies the frame and
releases frame back into network.

73  MPN
a division of molex
 Token Ring in the Horizontal

Token Ring Cards in chassis

Horizontal
Token
Cable
Ring
NIC

MOD-TAP

Horizontal Panel

74  MPN
a division of molex
Other System Configuration
System Typical Cable Connector Topology

RS 232 Serial Cable D-type Star

IBM 3270 93Ω Coax BNC Star

3X/AS400 105ΩTwinax Twinax Bus

75  MPN
a division of molex
 RS 232 System Overview
 9.6Kbps & 19.2Kbps
 DCE (data carrier equipment which transmits on
pin
2 and receive on pin 3 and DTE (data terminal
equipment which transmits on pin 3 and receive on
pin 2.
 Adapter request need to include
1. DTE/DCE
2. Male/Female
and
3. Sequence

76  MPN
a division of molex
 RS 232 System

Octopus System Patch Panel

.. ..
.. ..

DB 25 MOD-TAP

Adapter Horizontal Panel

DB 25
Adapter

77  MPN
a division of molex
 IBM 3270 System Overview
IBM @ 2.35 Mbps
RG 62 coax
Uses 3274/ 3174 controllers
Balun (with/without pigtail)
Similar Cable as ARCNET

78  MPN
a division of molex
 IBM 3270 System

Octopus System Patch Panel

.. ..
.. ..

BALUN
MOD-TAP

Horizontal Panel
BALUN

79  MPN
a division of molex
IBM System 3X/AS 400 Overview
Balun
MOD-STAR III
..
..

Balun
MOD-TAP

Horizontal Panel

IBM Twinax
Controller has 8 ports
7 users per port. Maximum
40 users per controller.
Clock timing

80  MPN
a division of molex
 Session Objectives:
 Discuss the approved
industry standards
as they pertain to
installing a
structured cabling
system.

81  MPN
a division of molex
 Standards

Must comply with: TIA/EIA 568-A,

TIA/EIA 569, ISO 11801, EN 50173, PN
3193

System
Patching

Entire system must comply with:

EN 55022 / EN 50082/1
FCC 15 etc. Terminal

82  MPN
a division of molex
 Organizations

 IEEE
 ISO
 EIA/TIA
 ANSI
AS/NZS

83  MPN
a division of molex
 IEEE
Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers
 802.1 Inter-Networking and Networking Management
 802.2 Logical link Control
 802.3 defines a physical layer protocol similar to
Ethernet. CSMA/CD
 802.3AB defines the physical layer protocol (plp) for
1000 gigabit Ethernet. 802.1Z defines short
copper & fiber performance specifications.
 802.4 defines a plp similar to Token Bus.
 802.5 defines a plp similar to Token Ring.
 802.6 defines a plp similar to MAN
 802.9 defines a plp similar to ISDN
 802.12 defines a physical layer protocol for 100 Mbps
baseband communications (100Base-AnyLAN).
 802.14 defines a physical layer protocol for
Fast Ethernet. 84  MPN
a division of molex
 ISO/IEC 11801
International Standards Organization

The ISO standard covering structured cabling

systems is ISO/IEC 11801. Very similar to TIA 568-A.
AS/NZS 3080 based on the ISO Standard

 Categories of connectors and cable

 Correct installation procedures.
 Testing guidelines.

85  MPN
a division of molex
 EIA / TIA
Electronics Industry Association/
Telecommunications Industry Association
Consortium of manufacturers, vendors, users
and other interested parties responsible for the
family of standards associated with design,
installation and use of structured Cabling
Systems. Committees:
TR- 41.8.1 Commercial and industrial building
wiring standards.
TR - 41.8.2 Residential and light commercial
building wiring standards.
TR - 41.8.3 Building telecommunications
architecture
86  MPN
a division of molex
 ANSI
American National Standards Institute :

Developed Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI)

& the FDDI Twisted Pair Physical Media Dependent,
(TP-PMD), standards.

 TP-PMD, Communicating over two pair (of a four pair

category 5 channel) using pairs 3 and 4 of the
568A interface operating at 31.25 MHz.

 ANSI is the US representative to ISO and works

closely with EIA/TIA industry bodies
87  MPN
a division of molex
 ANSI/TIA/EIA
American National Standards Institute / Electronic Industries
Association / Telecommunications Industry Association

 ANSI/TIA/EIA 568-A - 1995 Specification of voice and data cabling

systems. (1991 as 568 with TSB 36 -cables spec. &
TSB- 40A connecting hardware)
 ANSI/TIA/EIA 569 - 1990 Commercial Building Standard for
Telecommunication Pathways and Spaces.
 ANSI/ TIA/EIA 570 - 1991 Residential and Light Commercial
Telecommunication Wiring Standard.
 ANSI/TIA/EIA 606 - 1993 Administration of Telecommunication
Infrastructure of Commercial Buildings.
 ANSI/TIA/EIA-607 - 1994 Grounding and Bonding.
 Technical System
Bulletin (TSB) 67 - Performance Specification for field testing UTP.
 Technical System
Bulletin (TSB) 72 - Centralized Optical Fiber Cabling Guidelines.
 Technical System
Bulletin (TSB) 75 - Open Office Guidelines.

88  MPN
a division of molex
 TIA 568-A
TIA 568 Commercial Building Telecommunications
Cabling Standard. The standard defines approved
cable types for use in building cabling as:

100 ohm, 24 AWG, TP, four pair, Category 3, 4, & 5 & 5e

multipair cable. (24 AWG, 100 ohms ScTP)

150 ohm, 22 AWG, STP- A, two pair shielded twisted pair,

62.5/125, (50/125) multimode optical fiber cable.

Singlemode optical fiber cable recognized for backbone

cabling.

89  MPN
a division of molex
TIA 568 Commercial Building Telecommunications
Cabling Standard. The standard defines additional
‘optional’ cable types as:

50/125* or 100/140 optical fiber

50 ohms coaxial cable
100 ohms shielded twisted pair cable
Twinaxial cable
75 ohms coaxial cable
(CATV, broadband, MAP/TOP)

90  MPN
a division of molex
 TIA 568-A
Operational capabilities:

 0 - 16 MHz or up to 10 Mbps for Category 3

 0 - 20 MHz or up to 16 Mbps for Category 4
 0 - 100 MHz or up to 100 Mbps for Category 5 & 5e

Mbps are arbitrary because current and future

technologies may exceed these data rates
depending on product capabilities and
transmission techniques

91  MPN
a division of molex
 TIA 569
The Commercial Building Standard for Telecommunications Pathways and Spaces.
(October 1990 by Canadian Standards Association and Electronic Industries Association)

Cabling pathways and spaces for structured cabling

system as defined by TIA 568-A
Horizontal and backbone pathways
Work Stations (IWA = 10 square meters / 100 sq.. ft)
Telecommunications closets (min. one per floor)
Additional closets for areas exceeding
1,000 square meters or 10,000 square feet.
Equipment room layout
Entrance facilities
Fire stopping

92  MPN
a division of molex
 Backbone or Vertical Cable
• Backbone, or vertical, cabling
is the cabling that runs between
the Main Cross Connect (MCC)
and outlying Horizontal Cross
Connect (HCC’s). Most often this
cable runs vertically between
floors of a multi-story building,
but it may also run horizontally
if the floor area is too large for
service by the MCC.

93  MPN
a division of molex
 Backbone or Vertical Cable
• Backbone cable includes:
The terminating hardware at each end of the run (i.e.,
patch panels, punch blocks, etc.)
The media from the MCC to the HCC, which may be
any or all of the following:
• Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)

• Shielded Twisted Pair (STP)

• Coaxial Cable

• Fiber Optic Cable

The patch cables and/or cross connect wire used to

connect vertical cabling ports to any active equipment
or passive equipment representing those ports.

94  MPN
a division of molex
 Backbone or Vertical Cable
• EIA/TIA 568-A
• Backbone cabling has a recommended maximum
run distance depending on media type. The
following table indicates maximum distances:
Media Distance
• 100  UTP 800m (874 yd’s.)
• 150  STP 700m (766 yd’s.)
• 50  Coaxial* 500m (547 yd’s.)
• 62.5/125 µm Fiber 2000m (2187 yd's.)

* Not recommend for new installations
95  MPN
a division of molex
 Backbone Maximum Lengths.
(ISO 11801 AS/NZS 3080)

CD BD FD TO

EQP EQP EQP

G F E

1500m 500m 90m

D C Building B A
Campus Backbone Horizontal
Backbone
Cable Cable
Cable
A + B + E = < 10m -
combined length of work area cable, equipment cable and
patch cable, (or jumper), in the horizontal sub-system.
C and D = < 20m - patch cord, (or jumper), in the BD or CD
F and G = < 30m - equipment cable in the BD or CD

Note that all lengths are mechanical lengths.

EQP = application specific equipment

MAXIMUM LENGTHS HORIZONTAL & BACKBONE CABLING SUB-SYSTEMS

96  MPN
a division of molex
 Backbone Maximum Lengths.
(EIA/TIA 568-A)
A
EP
HC MC

C
B
HC LEGEND
IC
ENTRANCE POINT = EP
INTERMEDIATE CROSS CONNECT = IC
MAIN CROSS CONNECT = MC
HORIZONTAL CROSS CONNECT = HC

MEDIA TYPE A B C

UTP 800M MAX 300M MAX 500M MAX

MULTIMODE 2000M MAX 500M MAX 1500M MAX

OPTICAL FIBRE

SINGLEMODE 3000M MAX 500M MAX 2500M MAX

BACKBONE MAXIMUM DISTANCES

97  MPN
a division of molex
 Maximum Horizontal Length

The maximum horizontal length between Horizontal

cross-connect & Telecommunications Outlet, (TO),
is 90 meters, (295 feet). This distance is
independent of media type.
The combined length of patch cord and
line cords is 10 meters, (33 feet).

98  MPN
a division of molex
 Recommended Distances

• ABCD = (A+B+C) Maximum Distances

• A = No longer than 6m (20 ft.)
• A + C = 10m (33 ft.) (combined)
• B = 90m (295 ft.)
• D = 100m (328 ft.)

99  MPN
a division of molex
 Color Standards
To distinguish between pairs, they are colored
Each pair has designated Tip and Ring
conductors. Pair 1 can therefore be designated
T1 and R1 Both UTP & STP conform to this
standard

T1 - White Blue/Blue White - R1

T2 - White Orange/Orange White - R2
T3 - White Green/Green White - R3
T4 - White Brown/Brown White - R4

100  MPN
a division of molex
 Wiring Sequences
568A 568B
International ISDN Most widely specified
standard. Pairs 2 & 3 sequence. Also Known
are transposed from as 258A
568B. Pairs 1 & 2 Same as 568A but pairs
USOC compatible 2 & 3 are transposed

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
T3 R3 T2 R1 T1 R2 T4 R4 T2 R2 T3 R1 T1 R3 T4 R4

101  MPN
a division of molex
Token Ring
Pairs 3 and 4 are not used 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
T3 R3 T2 R1 T1 R2 T4 R4

10BASE -T
Pairs 1 and 4 are not used

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
T3 R3 T2 R1 T1 R2 T4 R4

102  MPN
a division of molex
Termination of Category 5 Cable

Do not untwist cable pairs more than 13mm, (half

inch), at point of termination
Strip back only as much cable jacket as necessary
to comfortably terminate conductors
Resultant exposed cable pairs from jacket to point
of termination should be approx 25mm, (one inch)
Do not over-tighten cable ties

103  MPN
a division of molex
 Proper Termination
IDC Patch Panel USO Dual Module
Back View Back View

A
B
104  MPN
a division of molex
 Bend Radii of Cables
4 Pair twisted pair cable
minimum bend radius is 4 times the diameter of
the cable
Multi-pair twisted pair cable
minimum bend radius is 10 times the diameter of
the cable
Optical Fiber cable
minimum bend radius is 10 times the diameter of
the cable
Consult with cable manufacturers & comply with
their specifications

105  MPN
a division of molex
 Power Sources
• When routing UTP cable, to prevent interference, MPN recommends
the following minimum distances from power sources when practical:
15cm (6 in.) from power lines of 2 KVA or less
30cm (12 in.) from high voltage lighting (including fluorescent)
90cm (36 in.) from power lines of 5 KVA or greater
100cm (40 in.) from transformers and motors
• When routing STP cable, maintain the following minimum distances
from power sources:
6.5cm (3 in.) from power lines of 2 KVA or less
15cm (6 in.) from power lines of 2 KVA or less
30cm (12 in.) from high voltage lighting (including fluorescent)
90cm (36 in.) from power lines of 5 KVA or greater

106  MPN
a division of molex
Power & Data Cable Segregation
Minimum distance <2 2-5 >5
between cable kVA kVA kVA
Unshielded power lines 127mm 305mm 610mm
or electrical equipment (5 in.) (12 in.) (24 in.)

Unshielded power lines

or electrical equipment, 64mm 152mm 305mm
with cable enclosed in a (2.5 in.) (6 in.) (12 in.)
grounded metallic
conduit
Power lines enclosed in 38mm 76mm 152mm
grounded metallic (0.in) (3 in.) (6 in.)
conduit (or lead
sheathed power lines)
with cable enclosed in a
separate grounded
metallic conduit

107  MPN
a division of molex
 Session Objectives:

Electrical Characteristics

 Procedures for
testing an installed
structured cabling system.

108  MPN
a division of molex
 Characteristics of Copper
 Attenuation
 Capacitance
 Crosstalk
 Impedance
 Propagation Delay and Skew
 PowerSum Crosstalk
 EMI

109  MPN
a division of molex
 Attenuation
Loss % Signal

-3 dB = - 50%
Signal
-6 dB = - 75%
Strength
-9 dB = - 87.5% (dB)

-10dB = - 90%
-20dB = - 99% Distance (m)

Attenuation is the reduction in signal strength

due to losses in the channel usually a function
of length and frequency.
(approx 20 dB @ 100MHz end to end max
allowable)
110  MPN
a division of molex
 Capacitance
Ability of the conductor pair to store a potential,
(voltage)
Measured in micro & pico Farads
Prohibits the instantaneous change in the signal
voltage. (ramps up & down)
Affected by the:
Cross-sectional area of the conductors
Distance between the conductors
Dielectric constant of separating material

111  MPN
a division of molex
 Cross-talk
Induction of noise in one pair by transmission in
another pair
Frequency dependent
Expressed in dB with the larger the number in the
negative the better cross-talk cancellation

Tx Pair

Rx Pair
112  MPN
a division of molex
 Cross-Talk

Cross-talk
- + +
-
+ +
- -

+
-
-
+

113  MPN
a division of molex
 Near End Cross-Talk NEXT

Work Station Patch Panel

LAN
LAN

AP
MOD-T

114  MPN
a division of molex
 Attenuation to Cross-talk Ratio

• Attenuation to Cross-talk Ratio

(ACR)
Impacts bit error rate (BER)
Important parameter for all
network-specific channel
standards

115  MPN
a division of molex
 Attenuation Cross Talk Ratio

To determine ACR:
ACR = NEXT - Attenuation
Result in the Positive is the requirement

116  MPN
a division of molex
ACR Curve

117  MPN
a division of molex
 Impedance & DC Resistance
Characteristic Impedence

Opposition to current flow

Measured in ohms
Miss-match in characteristic impedance will cause
reflections of energy, can be caused by:
Poor termination
Different conductor gauges

DC Resistance

24 AWG = 25.7/305M (1000 feet)

22 AWG = 17.6/305M (1000 feet)
118  MPN
a division of molex
 Velocity of Propagation

Velocity of Propagation is the speed at which

electrical energy travels down a pair of conductors
relative to the speed of light (300 Thousand
Km/sec).
This specification for copper media is called
Nominal Velocity of Propagation, (NVP), given as a
% of the speed of light..
TIA states for a single cable pair, the NVP shall be
greater the 61.1% of Speed of Light.

119  MPN
a division of molex
 Propagation Delay and Skew
Propagation Delay is the time it takes for electrical
energy to travel the length of the copper media
Delay Skew is the difference between the fastest
and slowest pair in the cable. TIA requires no
greater than 545 ns/100 meters @ 10 MHz. for a
single cable pair. Four pair 100 ohms requires that
the delay between the fastest and slowest pair shall
not exceed 45 ns/100 meters @ 10 MHz.

120  MPN
a division of molex
 Power Sum
 Why is it important?
– Applications today are using multiple pairs for
high speed transmission within 100 ohm, 4
pair cable. These higher speed applications
split the transmitted signal over multiple pairs
and then recombined them at the receiver.
 What are the applications?
– 100Base-T4 at 100Mbps using 4 pairs.
– 100Base-VG Anylan
– 1000Base-T GigaBit Ethernet
– 622Mbps ATM

121  MPN
a division of molex
 Power Sum
• What is it?
The crosstalk of one pair while all
other pairs are energized.
P1 P1

P2 P4 P2 P4

P3 P3

Pair to Pair Power Sum

122  MPN
a division of molex
 Propagation Delay & PowerSum
Requirements
250Mbps Ethernet Pair 1
155.5Mbps ATM

250Mbps Ethernet
Pair 2
155.5Mbps ATM
1000Mbps Ethernet 1000Mbps Ethernet
622Mbps ATM 622Mbps ATM
250Mbps Ethernet Pair 3
155.5Mbps ATM

250Mbps Ethernet
155.5Mbps ATM
Pair 4

123  MPN
a division of molex
 Continuity Testing

• MOD-TAP SLT-3
Wire-map tester
open circuits
short circuits
crossed pairs

124  MPN
a division of molex
 Wire Map

1 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3 3
6 6 6 6 6 6
5 5 5 5 5 5
4 4 4 4 4 4
7 7 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8 8 8

Correct Wiring Short Circuit Open Circuit

1 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3 3
6 6 6 6 6 6
5 5 5 5 5 5
4 4 4 4 4 4
7 7 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8 8 8

Reversed Pair Crossed Pairs Split Pairs

125  MPN
a division of molex
 SLT-3 Diagnostics

Master Remote Diagnosis

LED on LED on Good channel
LED on LED on red Reversal
LED on LED off Short within pair
2 LEDs on 2 LEDs on Short between pairs
LED off LED off Open
LED out of LED out of Transposed pairs (unless
sequence sequence testing MMJ environment)

126  MPN
a division of molex
 Category 5(e) Tester Setup

 Basic Link

Channel (includes patch cords)

Channel Link
NEXT (Accuracy) 1.5 dB 1.6 dB

Attenuation (Accuracy) 1.0 dB 1.0 dB

127  MPN
a division of molex
TP Link Loss Parameters

}
Wiremap
Length
(for TSB 67 Category 5)
NEXT
Attenuation
Loop resistance
PSNEXT, ELFEXT, PSFEXT (For Category 5e)

Impedance
Capacitance
ACR (Attenuation to
Crosstalk Ratio)

128  MPN
a division of molex
Basic Link Parameters Cat 5

Frequency (MHz) Maximum Minimum

Attenuation (dB) Crosstalk (dB)
1.0 2.1 60.0
4.0 4.0 51.8
8.0 5.7 47.1
10.0 6.3 45.5
16.0 8.2 42.3
20.0 9.2 40.7
31.25 11.5 37.6
62.50 16.7 32.7
100.00 21.6 29.3
Cat 5e requires above Crosstalk limits,
but tested under PowerSum conditions.
129  MPN
a division of molex
 Cat 6 Permanent Link

Frequency Insertion Pair –Pair PSNEXT Pair – Pair PSELFEXT Delay Skew
(MHz) Loss (dB) NEXT (dB) (dB) ELFEXT (dB) (nS)
(Attenuation) (dB)
1.0 1.9 65.0 62.0 64.2 61.2 45
4.0 3.5 64.1 61.8 52.1 49.1 45
8.0 5.0 59.4 57.0 46.1 43.1 45
10.0 5.6 57.8 55.5 44.2 41.2 45
16.0 7.1 54.6 52.2 40.1 37.1 45
20.0 7.9 53.1 50.7 38.2 35.2 45
25.0 8.9 51.5 49.1 36.2 33.2 45
31.25 10.0 50.0 47.5 34.3 31.2 45
62.5 14.4 45.1 42.7 28.3 25.3 45
100.0 18.5 41.8 39.3 24.2 21.2 45
200.0 27.1 36.9 34.3 18.2 15.2 45
250.0 30.7 35.3 32.7 16.2 13.2 45

130  MPN
a division of molex
NEXT

131  MPN
a division of molex
PSNEXT

132  MPN
a division of molex
ATTENUATION

133  MPN
a division of molex
ACR/PSACR

134  MPN
a division of molex
PROPAGATION DELAY
DELAY SKEW

135  MPN
a division of molex
RETURN LOSS

136  MPN
a division of molex
FEXT/ELFEXT

137  MPN
a division of molex
 Tester Software

Cblmgr.exe sd155.exe

Fluke Scope ScopeData Pro

Scanlink.exe

MicroTest LanCat
LanTek

138  MPN
a division of molex
 Category 6 Backward
Compatibility Issues

Table 1- Matrix of backward compatible mated component

performance

Category of Telecommunications Outlet Performance

Category 3* Category 5 Category 5e Category 6

Category 3 1) Category 3 Category 3 Category 3 Category 3

Modular Plug

Performance

Category 5 Category 3 Category 5 Category 5 Category 5

& Cord

Category 5e Category 3 Category 5 Category 5e Category 5e

Category 6 Category 3 Category 5 Category 5e Category 6
1) Category 3 plug performance requirements are assumed to be a less restrictive than
category 5e.

139  MPN
a division of molex
 Test Possible Cause
Wiremap Wrong sequence ie: 568B/568A
Length Less than 20 meter
NEXT Untwisted wire. Insulation
Attenuation Bend radius. Poor Termination
DC Loop. Resistance Poor punch down
Mutual Capacitance Stretched, damaged or bad

cable. Possible split pairs

Induced Noise EMI
Impedance Mismatched cable
PSNEXT & ELFEXT Same as NEXT

140  MPN
a division of molex
 Troubleshooting
Ensure that the active equipment is
functioning properly by checking on
a known good circuit
Test with appropriate tester
Replace one item at a time, retesting
after each element is replaced
1. Line cords
2. Patch cords
3. Wall plate components
4. Wiring closet components
5. Installed cable

141  MPN
a division of molex
142  MPN
a division of molex
 TIA 606
Administration of Telecommunications
Infrastructure of Commercial Buildings

Labeling and color coding conventions

Numbering schemes and documentation

Follow the 3C’s

Clear, Concise and Consistent

143  MPN
a division of molex
 Recommended Scheme
ODF# TDF# Cable# Channel#

ODF# - cable originates. TDF# - cable terminates.

Cable # is sequential. DF. Channel # - the logical
or physical numbering on the components.
Suggested Scheme for Horizontal Cabling
DF# GROUP# Channel#

DF# - cable originates. Group # - the group at the

patch panel, block, etc. Channel # - the port of the
terminating components.

144  MPN
a division of molex
 Labeling
TIA 5.2.2 - “ Pathways shall be labeled at all end
Points ”
TIA 5.2.4 - “ All spaces shall be labeled It is
recommended that labels be affixed at the
entry point. ”
TIA 6.2.2.- “ Horizontal and backbone cables
shall be labeled at each end ... additional
labeling may be required at intermediate
locations. ”
TIA 6.2.4 - “ An identifier shall be marked on
each termination hardware or its label. ”
TIA 6.2.6 - “ An identifier shall be recorded on
each termination position label. ”
145  MPN
a division of molex
 FD1 --A1
FD1 01
BD FD1
F1 WORKSTATION 1

01A 02
B C
03

001 001
BD - FD1 - F1 - 001 A 3 X UTP Cables

BD - FD1 - C1 - 024 C

024 024 Desktop System Telephone

C1

146  MPN
a division of molex
 HUB1 - PORT 8
BD FD 1
WORKSTATION 1

01A 02
B C
03

PORT 6
3 C o m

3 C o m

A 3 X UTP Cables
Concentr ator
PABX
TIE CONC1 - PORT 6 B

6210 PABX - 6210

Desktop System Telephone

147  MPN
a division of molex
148  MPN
a division of molex
 Distribution Area
• This area includes the necessary equipment for a transition between
horizontal and vertical sections of the cable plant and/or connection
to any active hardware. Names for a Distribution Area include, wiring
closet, telecommunications closet, apparatus closet, or backbone
closet. It typically refers to one of these two:
Campus/Building Distributor, Main Cross Connect, or Main
Distribution Frame (MDF) the logical center of the star-wired
network, offering a central control point for administration of the
cable plant.
Floor Distributor, Horizontal Cross Connect, or Intermediate
Distribution Frame (IDF) serves as a transition point between the
backbone and the horizontal cable plant. It provides for the
administration of the cabling to the local service area of the
network and as a break point for maintenance and expansion.

149  MPN
a division of molex
 Proper Component Placement
MOLEX PN recommends that you place fiber patch panels at
or near the top of the rack to protect the terminations from
potential harm.
Install a rack mounted storage unit (such as the FMS), as well as
any splice trays used, to protect and contain slack fiber strands.
For planned future expansion, strategically insert blank panels
for reserving that space.
Install copper-based patch panels with a cable management ring
run above and below every two horizontal rows of patch panel
ports.
Locate vertical cable management ring runs on either side of the
rack in the position directly below the horizontal ring run.

150  MPN
a division of molex
Properly Configured Rack
Fiber Management
FMS

Active Hub

Ring Run
48 port Patch Panel
Vertical Ring Run

151  MPN
a division of molex
Functional
Telecommunications
Closet ????

152  MPN
a division of molex
 The Molex
Premise Networks
Solution

153  MPN
a division of molex
 Open Office Cabling
Technical Systems Bulletin 75 allows two
architectures for Open Office Cabling

1. MUTO

2. Consolidation Point

154  MPN
a division of molex
 Open Office Cabling
• Prior to TSB-75 no join/splice was allowed in the
horizontal sub-system

• Modular, moveable furniture caused problems

• Need for configuration point near furnishings was

recognised

• Not a point of administration or cross-connect

155  MPN
a division of molex
 Open Office Cabling
MUTO
Multi-User-Telecommunications-Outlet

Work Area Equipment Cables

routed through furniture
Floor Horizontal
Distributor Cable

Stranded Conductor

156  MPN
a division of molex
 MUTO

Length of Maximum length of Maximum aggregate,

horizontal cable. work area cable. patch cord + work area
(Metres) (Metres) cable. (Metres)

90 3 10
85 6 13
80 9 16
75 13 20
70 16 23
65 20 27

157  MPN
a division of molex
 MUTO
Allows end-user to perform moves, adds & changes
Place cable label at both ends of the flexible work
area cable
Care should be taken with accommodation of work
area cables

158  MPN
a division of molex
 Consolidation Point

Horizontal
Distribution Work Area
Cable through Equipment cables
Furnishing
Horizontal Horizontal
Consolidation
Cross­Connect Cable
Point Work Station
KATT 601 Box Outlet
Part # 14­0001­001

159  MPN
a division of molex
 Consolidation Point
Preferred design for MOLEX PREMISE NETWORKS
certification.
Point of hard through termination
Generally a punch down tool will be required to
perform moves, adds & changes
Industry Standard design lengths achieved

160  MPN
a division of molex
 Session Objectives:
• Discuss basic theory of Optical Fiber
• Discuss the various
constructions of Optical
Fiber.
• Discuss the common
terms used.

161  MPN
a division of molex
 Tyndall’s
Experiment

Differences in the
Refractive Index
of Medias

Water
Surrounding Air

162  MPN
a division of molex
Optical Fiber Construction

163  MPN
a division of molex
 Optical Fiber Types
MULTI-MODE FIBRE SINGLE-MODE FIBRE

CORE
CORE 8
62.5

CLADDING
CLADDING
125
125

164  MPN
a division of molex
 Modes. (Paths)
Modes may be thought of as paths in the fiber core.
Larger core fibers have more modes than smaller
core fibers. Single mode fibers have such small
cores that only one pathway exists for the light.
Only one electromagnetic field or ray may pass
through

165  MPN
a division of molex
 Single-mode Analogy

Small Diameter Pipe

1 Km

166  MPN
a division of molex
Multi-mode Analogy

Large Diameter Pipe

1 Km

Pulse Spread

167  MPN
a division of molex
 Modal Dispersion
As pulses of light travel in an optical fiber they
suffer from broadening or dispersion
This spreading of pulses is the greatest limiting
factor of bandwidth, (bit through put), in multi-mode
fiber

168  MPN
a division of molex
 Bandwidth
Bandwidth is the measurement of the information
carrying capacity of the fiber, expressed as a
frequency-length product in megahertz - kilometer.
It is distance sensitive.
Bandwidth values, like most other optical
characteristics, are dependent on the wavelength of
operation.
160MHz - 200MHz-Km @ 850nm
500MHz-Km @ 1300nm

169  MPN
a division of molex
 Single Mode Fiber
•Ideal for Long Distance/High Speed Telco, CATV

Virtually Unlimited Bandwidth - Terabits!

Highest System Cost

Typically Uses Laser Sources

Operates at 1310nm and 1550nm

170  MPN
a division of molex
 Multi-mode Fiber

Ideal for Current LAN and Datacom

Applications.
More forgiving in termination than Single
Mode.
Lower System Cost.
Typically Uses LED Sources.
Operates at 850nm and 1300nm

171  MPN
a division of molex
 Single-mode vs.. Multi-mode

62.5M SM
Attenuation (1300nm) ~ 1.0 dB/km < 0.5 dB/km
Bandwidth (1300nm) ~ 500 MHz-km Terabit +
N.A Large Very small*.

* Large core fibers with large N.A. are more forgiving

with slight connector or splice misalignment,
especially when fiber lengths are short
(< a few hundred meters).

172  MPN
a division of molex
Single-mode vs.. Multi-mode

62.5 µ
Cores: misaligned 6 microns
or 10% misaligned

10 µ
Cores: misaligned 1 micron or
10% misaligned

Each fiber interconnection suffers 0.5 dB additional loss

173  MPN
a division of molex
 Attenuation
Loss of signal strength (light) as a function of Distance
“ Dimming ” of light as it travels through the fiber
Expressed in dB per Kilometer and measured at 2
Operating Wavelengths; 850nm and 1300nm for Multi-
mode, 1310nm and 1550nm for Single Mode.
Allowable Attenuation:
3 dB - 1 Km., 6 dB - 2 Kms., 1.5 dB - .5 Kms.
Transmission % of light transmitted
.5 dB 90%
1.0 dB 80%
2.0 dB 63%
3.0 dB 50%
10.0 dB 10%
20.0 dB 1%
174  MPN
a division of molex
 Sources of Attenuation
• Absorption - Transition materials
Impurities - OH and H O

• Scattering - Density and concentration fluctuations

Rayleigh
• very small refractive index fluctuations in core

Imperfections

• Waveguide - curvature
Bends
Kinks in cable

175  MPN
a division of molex
 Critical Angle

Greatest angle of incidence of a ray

that will still be contained within the fiber core

Light striking core cladding at too great

an angle will pass through the cladding
and will be lost
176  MPN
a division of molex
 Fresnel Reflection
Augustin Jean Fresnel, French Physicist.
The reflection of a small portion of the light that
strikes the interface between two medias having
different refractive indices
Glass Air Glass

Fresnel Reflection

n=1.4 n=1.007

177  MPN
a division of molex
Cable/Connector Types

178  MPN
a division of molex
Session Objectives:
• Discuss the construction,
key specifications of fibre and
connectors.

179  MPN
a division of molex
Step Index and Graded Index

180  MPN
a division of molex
 Cable Construction

External
Direct Buried - metal armored and gel-filled
Duct - can be pressurized, gel or non gel filled,
armor is optional
aerial - gel filled in most applications with armor
optional

181  MPN
a division of molex
 Cable Construction
External Cable
Loose Tube Construction should allow for 3%
elongation and contraction

Inner
I Jacket
Rip Cord Outer Jacket
Armor
1 - 12 Fibers
Central Strength Member
Gel Filled (optional)
Rip Cord
Polymer Wrap

Aerial Armored

182  MPN
a division of molex
 Cable Construction
Internal Cable
Tight Buffer
Rip Cord

3mm
900µ

Single Fiber Duplex

Zip Cord
3x6mm

183  MPN
a division of molex
 Cable Construction

Internal Cable
Tight Buffer Riser Cable

Distribution Cable

Kevlar

900µ

Polymer Wrap

184  MPN
a division of molex
 Connectors
• An important specification for connectors is the
ferrule inside diameter. This factor determines
fiber alignment. Most multimode fibers have a
cladding diameter of 125 µm +/- 3 µm, a nominal
128 µm connector is typically selected.
Singlemode fiber is held to a 125 µm +/- 1 µm or +/-
2 µm.
• You must also determine the backshell size
required. Three common sizes are 900µm, 2.5mm,
and 3.0mm. This is determined by the type of
cable being used and/or the breakout tubing
required.

185  MPN
a division of molex
 Connector Types
Past
1978—1985 1984—1989
SMA 905/906 (Ferrule) AT&T Biconic
AMP Optimate (Biconical) D4, D3 & FC
Deutsch (Lensed) AT&T ST

Today
ST (is still used)
SC (recommended for
new installations)
FDDI (active equipment)
186  MPN
a division of molex
Connectors
SMA Connector
‘‘Sub-Miniature Assembly
’’
Popular before the introduction of
ST connectors
ST Connector
‘‘Straight Tip’’
Registered trademark of AT&T
Most common connector
SC Connector
May be arranged in duplex

FDDI Connector
Expensive and difficult to install
Many FDDI systems only use FDDI
connectors from wall
outlet-workstation and ST/SC
elsewhere

187  MPN
a division of molex
Field Connection Options

Patch Cord

Field Terminate

Splice on Pigtail with

Mechanical or Fusion Splice

188  MPN
a division of molex
 Connectors

• SC Specified by TIA-568A
• ST allowed (i.e. “grandfathered”)
• Epoxy - Polish
Oven Cure or Fast Cure
• Molex Xpress Term

• 3M Hotmelt

• No Cure
Mechanical Crimp

189  MPN
a division of molex
 Epoxy/Polish - Oven Cure

• ST, SC - Ceramic Ferrule

• Full Termination Kits Including:
110V/220V Oven
Tools & Polishing Equipment
• Microscope

• Cures within 15 minutes in oven

• Total termination time is 20-25 minutes

190  MPN
a division of molex
 Adhesive/Polish - Fast Cure

• ST, SC - Ceramic Ferrule

• Full Termination Kits Including:
Tools & Polishing Equipment
Microscope
• Cures within 30 seconds
• Total termination time is 2 minutes

191  MPN
a division of molex
Optical Fiber Backbone
Applications

192  MPN
a division of molex
 Star Cabled Backbone
FD 3

FD 2

FD 1

BD

193  MPN
a division of molex
 Ethernet Architecture

HUB

BUS Architecture Star Architecture

194  MPN
a division of molex
Ethernet in the Backbone
FD 3
FOT - AUI

FD 2
FOT - AUI

FD 1
FOT - AUI

BD

FOT - AUI

FIBER OPTIC HUB

195  MPN
a division of molex
 FDDI Topology

Class A Class A

Class A
Class B

Primary
Ring Secondary Ring

Class B

Class B Wiring Class A

Concentrator

196  MPN
a division of molex
 FDDI
• The Fiber Distributed Data Interface. The
ANSI X3T9.5 Committee document that
defines a specific optical fiber network.
FDDI is often used as a backbone network
for lower speed networks like Ethernet or
Token Ring.
• FDDI is a high speed fiber optic network
consisting of dual counter-rotating rings
and bypass switches. This allows for a
self healing network in case of a failure.

197  MPN
a division of molex
 FDDI in the Backbone
FD 3
CLASS A DEVICE

FD 2
CLASS A DEVICE

FD 1
CLASS A DEVICE

BD
CLASS A DEVICE

198  MPN
a division of molex
Asynchronous Transfer Mode
ATM
HUB

199  MPN
a division of molex
 ATM
Asynchronous Transfer Mode

 Asynchronous requires a start and stop bit.

 Synchronous uses a clock to “ Synch ” the
send and receive units.
 155 Mbps+ dedicated
 53 byte fixed packet of which 48 bytes
are data and 5 bytes address.
 Data transfers through series of switches.
 Mostly in backbone

200  MPN
a division of molex
 Transmitter
Modulation Frequency
The rate at which the transmission changes in intensity, using
logical “1”s and “0”s as the light rapidly turns on and off. The
more frequently the transmitter can modulate, the higher the
transmission rate. The two basic transmitter types:

L.E.D. Vs. Laser

Center Wavelength 850 or 1300 nm 1310 or 1550 nm
Spectral Width 40+ nm @ 850 1 - 8 nm typical
100+ nm @ 1300
Modulation Freq.. <200 MHz typical 500 MHz to 1GHz+
Average output power -9 to -30 dBm -3 to +1 dBm
Fiber type Multimode Singlemode
Cost Inexpensive Expensive

201  MPN
a division of molex
 Objectives of this Session
• Discuss proper
procedures for
installing optical
fiber.

202  MPN
a division of molex
 Color Coding
Most common identification of fibers is in 12
fiber groups, with each group color-code:

• Blue, Orange, Green, Brown, Slate, White

Red, Black, Yellow, Violet, Aqua, Pink

203  MPN
a division of molex
 Fiber Optic Guidelines
 Backbone cabling can run a maximum
length of 2,000 meters on Multimode fiber
and run a significantly greater distance on
Singlemode Fiber. (Use of a repeater or
amplifier may be needed)
 The maximum horizontal distance from the
telecommunications closet to the
telecommunications outlet/connector shall
be 90 meters (295 feet). This distance is
independent of media type.
Maximum pulling tension is dependent on
cable type and construction.

204  MPN
a division of molex
 Before the Pull
• Installer should visually inspect the proposed route for
the cable run. Items to identify are:
Number and degree of bends in the path
Whether the optical fiber will share the route with other
cables
The overall length of the pull, location and type of
pullboxes (if any)
Any adverse environmental factors such as excessive
heat, cold, humidity, or presence of caustic chemicals
The presence (or not) of supporting structures such as
cable trays and other factors that will influence the
installation process

205  MPN
a division of molex
 Bend Radius
The minimum bend radius is approximately ten
times the diameter of the cable.

LOSS
The amount of light lost in a connection.
Expressed in Decibels (dB) -10dB means a reduction
of power by 10 times. -20dB means another 10 times

Wavelength per km
850 multimode 3.75 dB
1300 multimode 1.5 dB
1300 singlemode .4 dB
1550 singlemode .3 dB 206  MPN
a division of molex
 Guidelines for Pulling Fiber

• Changes in cable direction have a greater

effect on cable loads than the length of
the cable pull.
• To minimize tensile load use center
pulling or back-feeding methods with
pulls longer than 400 meters.

207  MPN
a division of molex
 Fiber Guidelines in Conduit

 Maximum continuous, length without, access

should not exceed 33 meters (100ft).

No more than two 90° bends between each

end of conduit or pull box(es).

208  MPN
a division of molex
 Center Feed or Backfeed
When runs exceed 400m (1300 ft.) or there are more than
two bends the cable must pass through, it is recommended
to use center-pull and/or backfeeding methods to reduce
cable loading
P1

P4 P3 P2

P7 P6 P5

P9 P8

P10

P11
209  MPN
a division of molex
 Securing Fiber Cable

Secure vertical cable every 36 inches (91 cm)

Secure horizontal cable every 48 to 60 inches
(120 to150 cm).
Assure minimum bend radius is 10 times.
Present cable into cabinet at or near the top of
cabinet.
Allow 2 - 2.5 metres excess cable from strain relief in
enclosure.
Coil excess fibre strands within enclosure after
termination.
210  MPN
a division of molex
 Session Objectives:

• Discuss the
proper methods to prepare and
terminate optical Fiber.

211  MPN
a division of molex
 System Loss Causes-1

Extrinsic

Angular End Separation

Lateral Misalignment Fiber Face Angle

212  MPN
a division of molex
 System Loss Causes-2

Intrinsic

Elliptical Cores

Core to core NA to NA

213  MPN
a division of molex
 Terminating Optical Fibers
The three methods to terminate fiber optic cables are:
Pigtail splicing
• usually a simplex 3.0mm breakout cable
fusion or mechanical
slack fiber and splice stored in the splice tray
usually done when loose tube cables need to be terminated.
Pre connectorized cable
• factory installed connectors at one or both ends of the cable.
The outbound end of the cable also includes a protective pulling eye
• No termination tools or special training is required. Cables are shipped with
factory test reports
Direct field terminating
• most cost- effective method used to terminate cables.
Field installed connectors can be either epoxy or
epoxy-less style.

214  MPN
a division of molex
 Splicing
Reasons for splicing:
• Transitioning from OSP cables to ISP
cables
• Cable routing requires splicing
• Emergency restoration
• There are two methods of splicing optical
fibers in the field:
Fusion
Mechanical

215  MPN
a division of molex
 Splicing - Mechanical Type

• Fibers are spliced together in a sleeve

• Fiber ends are cleaved and butted
together
• Splice sleeve is clamped
• 0.3 dB typical attenuation
• Inexpensive sleeves and equipment
• Can be semi-permanent

216  MPN
a division of molex
 Splicing - Fusion Type

• Fibers are spliced together in a sleeve

• Fiber ends are cleaved and butted
together
• Fiber ends are “fused” with an electrical
arc
• 0.05 dB typical attenuation
• Inexpensive sleeves but expensive
equipment

217  MPN
a division of molex
 Pre-terminated Cables

• No Field Termination Required

• Requires Pre-planning
• Requires Protective Pulling Eyes During
Installation
• Example: ModLink

218  MPN
a division of molex
 Fiber
• Inspecting the cleave
and polish.

Scratch Crack

Acceptable Not acceptable

219  MPN
a division of molex
 Session Objectives:

• Discuss the
methods of testing Optical Fiber.

220  MPN
a division of molex
Fiber-optic Test Equipment
Light Sources
Power Meters
Inspection Scopes
Visual Fault Locators
Fault Locators
OTDR (Optical Time Domain
Reflectometer)

221  MPN
a division of molex
 Link Loss Testing

• Uses Power Meter and Light Source

• Required by TIA 568-A
• Requires Access to Both Terminated
Cable Ends
• Used by installers for certification of
system

222  MPN
a division of molex
 OTDR Testing

• Pre-installation Testing
• Trouble Shooting
• Can Measure Splice and Connector Loss
without access
• Can Locate Breaks

223  MPN
a division of molex
 Fiber
What Can Be Tested In The Field

Connectors Splices
Loss in dB per pair visual Loss in dB per splice
inspection

Cable
Attenuation in dB/km

224  MPN
a division of molex
 Standard Field Testing

Test fibers before & after cable pull for continuity

using visible light source

Test complete link with OLTS in both directions

Test complete link with OTDR if cross-connects

and splices exist

225  MPN
a division of molex
 OLTS Testing

Calibrate transmit and receive unit

with reference cable
Do not disturb the connector at the source
Test at both 850 nm and 1300 nm
wavelengths
Performs test in both directions
Different result indicates a bad connector
on one end

226  MPN
a division of molex
 OLTS Link Test Setup

Push
Select Output
On
p
1.3

- 21

Calibration
TM
TM

Molex Premise Network

FLT Molex Premise Network
FLT
Optical Light Source
Optical Power Meter

-21dBm

Push
On Select

p
1.3
Output

- 21.5
0.5 dB Link Loss
TM Test TM

Molex Premise Network Molex Premise Network

-21.5 dBm
FLT
FLT
Optical Light Source
Optical Power Meter

227  MPN
a division of molex
 An OTDR

Coupler/Optical Switch
Optical Pulse
Generator

Detector
Pre Amp

Signal
Processor

228  MPN
a division of molex
 OTDR—Typical Link

dB

229  MPN
a division of molex
 Fusion Splice

dB

230  MPN
a division of molex
Fusion Splice Anomalies
Core
mismatch

Core
mismatch

Bubbles

231  MPN
a division of molex
 Mechanical Splice

dB

232  MPN
a division of molex
 Break, Or End Of Fiber

dB

233  MPN
a division of molex
 Session Objectives:

• Discuss future directions with

Optical Fibre Media

234  MPN
a division of molex
 Wavelengths of Light
• A number of wavelength windows are
available
850nm MM LED (SM Laser)
1300nm MM LED
1310nm SM Laser
1550nm SM Laser

235  MPN
a division of molex
 Multi-mode Vs Single-mode

• Multi-Mode CLADDING

Large Diameter Core

• 50/125

CORE
• 62.5/125

CLADDING
• Single-Mode
CORE
Small Diameter Core
• 8/125

• 10/125

236  MPN
a division of molex
Comparative Pros & Cons

Attributes Multi-Mode Single-Mode

Manufacture Expensive Cheap

Light Source LED. Cheap Laser. Expensive

Bandwidth Limited. megabits/Sec Un-limited. terabits/Sec

Distance Short Haul Long Haul

Attenuation. (Km) High Low

Connectors Cheap Expensive

237  MPN
a division of molex
 Fibre Network Design
• Backbone in the High Rise Building
Primary Star Cabled Network
Discreet Ties between floors

• Backbone in the Campus

Primary Star Cabled Network
Discreet Ties between buildings

238  MPN
a division of molex
 Fibre Network Design
• Backbone in the High Rise Building
Consider 1 x SM Fibre for every 1 x MM Fibre
Discreet Ties between floors

• Backbone in the Campus

Consider 1 x SM Fibre for every 2 MM Fibre
Discreet Ties between buildings

239  MPN
a division of molex
 Where to now with Fibre?

• Has Multi-mode & LED had its day?

In the very high speed environment,
<622Mbps, it still has a place for short
distance backbone, <500 metres
Laser Light sources improve bit through put
over distance, but higher quality MM fibre
required

240  MPN
a division of molex
 Where to now with Fibre?

• When will Single-mode take over?

Higher Speeds will demand it
Active components will become cheaper

• Interim measures
Specify hybrid MM / SM Cable
Terminate & use MM today
Use SM tomorrow

241  MPN
a division of molex
 Gigabit Ethernet
• Fibre, (IEEE 802.3z), Ratified June 1998
• Operates at 1.25Gbps
• Too fast for standard LED Light Source
• Prefer Laser Light Source
• Multi-Mode Fibre exhibits limitations
Bandwidth Vs Distance
Differential Mode Delay (DMD)
•
Caused by Laser Light being split into 2 or more Paths or
Modes in MM Core

242  MPN
a division of molex
243  MPN
a division of molex
Gigabit Ethernet

244  MPN
a division of molex
 Improved Multi-mode Fibre

• Bandwidth the major issue

Improve Graded Index properties for
use with Laser Light Sources

• Development of 850nm Laser light

source

245  MPN
a division of molex
 10 Gigabit Ethernet
• Proposed by a consortium of Companies:
3Com, Cisco Systems, Intel, Sun Microsystems, etc.
• Draft Level, (IEEE 802.3ae Committee)
• LAN & MAN/WAN Application
• Compatible with existing interfaces
• Laser Light Source
• Fibre only?
Multimode up to 300 metres
Singlemode up to 40Kms

246  MPN
a division of molex
 Today’s Multimode Solution
• Data Applications based on 50/125 or
62.5/125um Optical Fiber
• Desktop Equipment requires 2 or 4 fibers per
connection
• Active Equipment based on Low cost,
Relatively Low Bandwidth LEDs
• Most Installations Wired in a Distributed
Fashion - Hubs in each Closet
• Optical Fibers terminated with ST/SC
Connectors

247  MPN
a division of molex
 Limitations of a Multimode Structured
Cabling System
• Distance Limited at Today’s data speeds for
campus and backbone applications
• Ethernet, FDDI, Token Ring - Suitable for up to
2000 meters
• Gigabit Ethernet - Suitable for up to 550
meters w/ 50/125 fiber
• As data rates increase, multimode fiber
distances will continue to be limited
• Single Mode will be necessary

248  MPN
a division of molex
 Today’s Single Mode Solution

• Long Haul Telecommunications

Telephone Companies - Telsta,
Telecom NZ, AT&T, MCI.
• Very High Speed Data - >2.5Gbps
• Long Distance Campus/Backbone - >2km
• Multimedia - CATV (Cable Television)

249  MPN
a division of molex
 Fiber Design Options
• The Goal : Lower Costs - Simplified Installation
• The Trends:
Single Mode/Hybrid Cabling Systems -
“Future Proofing”
Centralized Vs. Distributed Electronics
Multifiber Connectors
Preterminated Cabling

250  MPN
a division of molex
Centralized Optical Fibre

• All Hubs at MCC
• 3 options at Floor
­ Cross Connect
­ Splice
­ Pull Through

• Improves
­ Maintenance
­ Adds & Moves
­ Security
251  MPN
a division of molex
 Single Mode/ Multimode Hybrid
Cabling Systems
• Multimode
Suitable for most applications today
Will become obsolete for tomorrow's
backbone
• Single Mode
Theoretically can support up to Terabit
Speeds
Costly

252  MPN
a division of molex
 Single Mode/ Multimode Hybrid
Cabling Systems
• Hybrid - Multimode/Single Mode
Use Multi-mode today to keep costs down
Leave Single Mode “Dark” -
• Use for tomorrow’s higher speed/density

applications
• Use when equipment costs come down

• Rule of Thumb: Install half as many Single Mode as

Multimode
Example: Install 12 Multimode and 6 Single Mode

253  MPN
a division of molex
 Molex Premise Network
Recommendations

• Install Hybrid Multimode/Single Mode in

the Backbone
• Utilize a Centralized Cabling Design for
OFTD

254  MPN
a division of molex
 MOLEX PREMISE NETWORKS
A Division of MOLEX

The Structured Cabling Solutions Company

255  MPN
a division of molex