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1.0 Introduction To Android

This document provides an introduction to Android fundamentals. It describes Android as an open source, mobile operating system based on Linux that powers smartphones, watches, TVs and more. It discusses Android's user interface, home screen, apps, sensors, software development kit and tools. It also outlines Android's platform architecture including system apps, the Java API framework, Android runtime and the underlying Linux kernel.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
144 views30 pages

1.0 Introduction To Android

This document provides an introduction to Android fundamentals. It describes Android as an open source, mobile operating system based on Linux that powers smartphones, watches, TVs and more. It discusses Android's user interface, home screen, apps, sensors, software development kit and tools. It also outlines Android's platform architecture including system apps, the Java API framework, Android runtime and the underlying Linux kernel.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Android Developer Fundamentals

Android

Lesson 1

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1.0 Introduction to Android

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Contents

● Android is an ecosystem
● Android platform architecture
● Android Versions
● Challenges of Android app development
● App fundamentals

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Android Ecosystem

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What is Android?
● Mobile operating system based on Linux kernel
● User Interface for touch screens
● Used on over 80% of all smartphones
● Powers devices such as watches, TVs, and cars
● Over 2 Million Android apps in Google Play store
● Highly customizable for devices / by vendors
● Open source

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Android user interaction
● Touch gestures: swiping, tapping, pinching
● Virtual keyboard for characters, numbers, and emoji
● Support for Bluetooth, USB controllers and peripherals

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Android and sensors
Sensors can discover user action and respond
● Device contents rotate as needed
● Walking adjusts position on map
● Tilting steers a virtual car or controls a physical toy
● Moving too fast disables game interactions

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Android home screen
● Launcher icons for apps
● Self-updating widgets for live content
● Can be multiple pages
● Folders to organize apps
● "OK Google"

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Android app examples

Pandora Pokemon GO Facebook


Messenger
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Android Software Developer Kit (SDK)
● Development tools (debugger, monitors, editors)
● Libraries (maps, wearables)
● Virtual devices (emulators)
● Documentation (developers.android.com)
● Sample code

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Android Studio
● Official Android IDE
● Develop, run, debug,
test, and package apps
● Monitors and
performance tools
● Virtual devices
● Project views
● Visual layout editor

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Google Play store
Publish apps through Google Play store:
● Official app store for Android
● Digital distribution service operated by Google

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Android Platform
Architecture

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Android stack

1. System and user apps


2. Android OS API in
Java framework
3. Expose native APIs;
run apps
4. Expose device
hardware capabilities
5. Linux Kernel

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System and user apps
● System apps have no special status
● System apps provide key capabilities to app developers

Example:
Your app can use a system app to deliver a SMS
message.

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Java API Framework
The entire feature-set of the Android OS is available to you
through APIs written in the Java language.
● View class hierarchy to create UI screens
● Notification manager
● Activity manager for life cycles and navigation
● Content providers to access data from other apps

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Android runtime

Each app runs in its own process with its own instance of the
Android Runtime.

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C/C++ libraries

● Core C/C++ Libraries give access to core native Android


system components and services.

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Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL)

● Standard interfaces that expose device hardware


capabilities as libraries

Examples: Camera, bluetooth module

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Linux Kernel

● Threading and low-level memory management


● Security features
● Drivers

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Android versions
Codename Version Released API Level

Honeycomb 3.0 - 3.2.6 Feb 2011 11 - 13


Ice Cream Sandwich 4.0 - 4.0.4 Oct 2011 14 - 15

Jelly Bean 4.1 - 4.3.1 July 2012 16 - 18

KitKat 4.4 - 4.4.4 Oct 2013 19 - 20

Lollipop 5.0 - 5.1.1 Nov 2014 21 - 22 Android History and


Platform Versions
Marshmallow 6.0 - 6.0.1 Oct 2015 23
for more and earlier
Nougat 7.0 Sept 2016 24 versions before 2011
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App Development

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What is an Android app?

● One or more interactive screens


● Written using Java Programming Language and XML
● Uses the Android Software Development Kit (SDK)
● Uses Android libraries and Android Application
Framework
● Executed by Android Runtime Virtual machine (ART)

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Challenges of Android development

● Multiple screen sizes and resolutions


● Performance: make your apps responsive and smooth
● Security: keep source code and user data safe
● Compatibility: run well on older platform versions
● Marketing: understand the market and your users
(Hint: It doesn't have to be expensive, but it can be.)

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App building blocks

● Resources: layouts, images, strings, colors as XML and


media files
● Components: activities, services, …, and helper classes as
Java code
● Manifest: information about app for the runtime
● Build configuration: APK versions in Gradle config files

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Component types

● Activity is a single screen with a user interface


● Service performs long-running tasks in background
● Content provider manages shared set of data
● Broadcast receiver responds to system-wide
announcements

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Think of Android as a hotel

● Your app is the guest


● The Android System is the hotel manager
● Services are available when you request them (intents)
○ In the foreground (activities) such as registration
○ In the background (services) such as laundry
● Calls you when a package has arrived (broadcast receiver)
● Access the city's tour companies (content provider)

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Learn more
● Android History
● Introduction to Android
● Platform Architecture
● UI Overview
● Platform Versions
● Supporting Different Platform Versions
● Android Studio User’s Guide

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What's Next?

● Concept Chapter: 1.0 C Introduction to Android


● Practical: –

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END

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