Sequence Signals
Sequence Signals
I
burnt my dinner. There was no
milk for my cereal. After work,
my car wouldn't start, so I had
to walk all the way home. I was
late to work. When I woke up I
was still very tired.'
When we hear the
phrase 'once upon a
time,' we know a
story is about to
start.
Every story has a
beginning, a
middle, and an
end, and…
Sequence words help
the reader understand
the order of events
that are taking place.
SEQUENCE SIGNALS
SIGNAL WORDS
TRANSITION WORDS
Sequence words are like signals
or signs. They help you identify
when an event or story starts,
when a new event is taking place,
and when a story ends. They help
organize stories, so they aren't
confusing like the story about the
bad day.
Beginning,
Middle, &
End
You've probably heard,
read, and used many
sequence words before.
These words look
different depending on
where they are in a story.
If you were going to
tell someone about
your day from the
beginning, how would
you start?
You would probably
say something like,
'First, I woke up' or
'Today, I went to
school
'First' and 'today' are great
examples of sequence
words found at the
beginning of a story. These
words are signals that tell
you a story is starting.
•'Then', 'later', 'after' and
'suddenly' are sequence
words that might be found
in the middle of a story.
They signal that a new
event is being described.
•What word might you
use to let someone
know you are about
to describe the last
event of your whole
day?
•It might be the word
'finally.' 'Finally, I hopped
into bed and turned out the
lights.' 'Finally' is an
example of a sequence
word that marks the end of
a story.
Sequence markers in English are a certain
group of items, mainly adverbs and
preposition phrases, that link sentences
together into a larger unit of discourse.
These linguistic items go by various
names, e.g. conjuncts, sentence
adverbials, connectives, linking devices,
amongst others.
Transitions or signal words
help you, the reader, follow
the direction of a writer’s
thought. They are like
signposts on the road that
guide the traveler.
Common signal words
show emphasis,
addition, comparison
or contrast, illustration,
and cause and effect.
EMPHASIS WORDS
Among the most valuable signals for you to
know are emphasis words, through which
the writer tells you directly that a particular
idea or detail is especially important.
• important to note
• most of all
• a significant factor
• a primary concern
• a key feature
• the main value
• especially valuable
• most noteworthy
• remember that
• a major event
• the chief outcome
• the principal item
• pay particular attention to
• the chief factor
• a vital force
• above all
• a central issue
• a distinctive quality
• especially relevant
• should be noted
• the most substantial issue
• ADDITION WORDS
• Addition words tell you that the writer’s thought is
going to continue in the same direction. He is going
to add on more points or details of the same kind.
Addition words are typically used to signal
enumeration. Look over some addition words.
Also another finally first
first of all for one thing furthermore
in addition last of all likewise
Moreover next and second
the third reason
Comparison words signal that the author is
pointing out a similarity between two
subjects. They tell you that the second idea is
like the first one in some way. Look over the
following comparison words.
• Like likewise just like
• Equally in like manner
• in the same way alike similarity
• Similarly just as
• as in a similar fashion
ILLUSTRATION WORDS
Illustration words tell you that an example or
illustration will be given to make an idea clear.
Such words are typically used in textbooks that
present a number of definitions and examples
of those definitions. Look over the following
illustration words.
for example to illustrate specifically
once for instance such as
CAUSE-AND-EFFECT WORDS
Cause-and-effect words signal that the
author is going to describe results or
effects. Look over the following cause-
and-effect words.
Because therefore so that
Cause reason effect
Thus consequently since
as a result if . . . then result in
Contrast words signal a change in the
direction of the writer’s thought. They tell you
that the author is pointing out a difference
between two subjects or statements. Look
over the following contrast words.
• But however in contrast Yet
• differ difference Variation
• Still on the contrary Conversely
• Otherwise on the other hand
Fill in the blanks with the most suitable sequence
connectors from the parentheses.
1. My sister was in the dentist's office for ten
minutes. ______, I sat in the waiting room with an
old magazine in my hands. ( First, Meanwhile, Later )
2. An hour passed but there was no sign of Mike.
______, we decided to go home.
( Until, Before, Finally )
3. We bumped into Salsa during our trip to Lang
Island. A few weeks ______, we met him again
( after, then, later )
4. The teacher had trouble telling the
twins apart. ______ she realized one
had a mole above her lips.
( Subsequently, Finally,Meanwhile )
5. The men went to a nearby restaurant
for breakfast. ______, they drove off
towards the Penang Bridge
( After, Afterwards, Meanwhile )