Che Lab 1 (Gas Ab/Adsorption) : Engr. Mary Jane C. Calagui Che Department Csu
Che Lab 1 (Gas Ab/Adsorption) : Engr. Mary Jane C. Calagui Che Department Csu
Che Lab 1 (Gas Ab/Adsorption) : Engr. Mary Jane C. Calagui Che Department Csu
(GAS AB/ADSORPTION)
Lecture 1: Absorption and Stripping 1
MASS TRANSFER OPERATION
operations used for separating the components of mixtures based on the transfer of material from one homogenous phase to another
Lecture 12: Absorption and Stripping 2
What are the driving force/s that make the separation possible?
Dehumidification removal of a pure liquid from an inert or carrier gas by
condensation
Liquid extraction – mixture of two components is treated by a solvent that
preferentially dissolves one or more of the components in the
mixture
L, entering V, leaving
b
L, leaving V, entering
Lecture 12: Absorption and Stripping 3
INTRODUCTION TO MASS
TRANSFER OPERATION
Process Light Phase Heavy Phase Transfer Direction
Lecture 1: Absorption and Stripping 4
Absorption and Stripping of Dilute Mixtures
Absorption and stripping are common methods to: a) remove of impurities from gas (absorption) or
b) remove of impurities from a liquid (stripping). This is done by flowing a liquid absorbent
countercurrent to a vapor mixture (absorption) or a vapor stripper countercurrent to a liquid mixture
(stripping).
Absorption Stripping
L0 (absorbent) V1 LN+1 (liquid to be separated) VN
1 N
2 N–1
N–1 2
N 1
VN+1 (vapor to be
LN L1 V0 (stripper)
separated)
Liquid absorbent absorbs certain Vapor stripping agent preferentially
components of the vapor stream vaporizes certain components of the
preferentially. liquid stream.
Although the arrows are drawn to indicate the mass transfer of species in absorption and stripping, generally mass
transfer of components from the absorbent or stripping streams will occur in the opposite direction as well.
Lecture 1 Absorption and Stripping 5
Equilibrium Stage Operation
Stage Principles
Stages are numbered in the direction of flow of the Lphase.
The total number of stages is N
La, xa Va, ya
“Leaving” streams
in thermodynamic
equilibrium Stage N “Passing” streams
linked by material
balance
Lb, xb Vb yb
Lecture 1 Absorption and Stripping 6
TwoFilm Concept
Lecture 12: Absorption and Stripping 7
Absorption and Stripping Equipment
1
2
N–1
N
Bubble Column
Liquid in Vapor out Centrifugal Contactor
Vapor out Liquid in
Vapor in
Liquid out
Liquid out Vapor in
Lecture 1: Absorption and Stripping 8
Absorption and Stripping Equipment
Trayed Tower Tray Configuration
Liquid in Vapor out
Weir
1
2
cap
cap slots
N–1
N
Liquid out Vapor in
Weir
Three type of tray openings: perforation, valve cap
and bubble cap.
Plate
Liquid flow shown by blue arrows. Vapor flow by red arrows.
The vaporliquid flow regimes for a contacting tray include: spray, froth, emulsion, bubble, and cellular foam.
Lecture 1: Absorption and Stripping 9
Phase Contact on a Contacting Tray
Weir
Froth
Vapor streams (shown
Plate in red) bubble up through
froth. Liquid stream flows
through froth and over weir.
The froth conditions can be varied depending on the vaporliquid flow regimes to
Include: spray, froth, emulsion bubble, and cellular foam.
Lecture 1: Absorption and Stripping 1
Design Considerations
Specifications:
1. Entering gas or liquid flow rate, composition, temperature and pressure
2. Degree of separation desired
3. Choice of absorbent (or stripping) agent
4. Operating pressure and temperature and allowable pressure drop
5. Minimum absorbent (or stripping) flow rate
6. Number of equilibrium stages
7. Heat effects and need for cooling
8. Type of absorber (stripper) equipment
9. Height of absorber (stripper)
10. Diameter of absorber (stripper)
Absorbent should:
1. Have a high degree of solubility for the solute (minimizes absorbent required)
2. Have low volatility (increases solute recovery and reduces absorbent loss)
3. Be stable (reduces need to replace absorbent)
4. Be noncorrosive (reduces need for corrosion resistant equipment)
5. Have low viscosity (reduces pressure drop and pump requirements, increase mass flow)
6. Be nonfoaming when in gas contact (reduces size of equipment)
7. Be nontoxic and nonflammable (safety)
8. Be available from the process (reduces cost, reduces need for external source)
Lecture 1: Absorption and Stripping 1
Mass Transfer Application to Packed Gas Absorbers)
Packed Towers – provides continuous contacting of the liquid and
vapor/gas phases
Packings – Contacting materials
solid material with large surface area used to provide the
contact between the gas and liquid streams.
Ex: a. ring type: Raschig
Pall
Lessing
Partition
b. Saddle type : Berl, Intalox
c. Tellerettes
Lecture 1: Absorption and Stripping 1
Desirable Characteristics of Packings:
•Chemically inert/corrosion resistant
•Large surface area – low bulk density
•Relatively inexpensive
•Structural strength
•Good wetting characteristics
Lecture 1: Absorption and Stripping 1
Packing Materials and Shapes
Lecture 12: Absorption and Stripping 1
Properties of Packing Material
Lecture 12: Absorption and Stripping 1
Calculations Involved in Packed Gas Absorbers
Lecture 12: Absorption and Stripping 1
Sample Problems
Lecture 1: Absorption and Stripping 1
3. A packed tower will be designed to handle SO2air
mixture. 160m3/hr of feed containing 15%SO2 and 85% air by
mole will be contacted with pure water at 1.5 times the
minimum rate at 20oC and 1.5atm so that there is 85%
recovery by the liquid solvent. 50mm Raschig rings will be
used with the entering gas velocity equal to 2/5 that of the
flooding velocity. Determine:
a. flooding velocity
b. tower diameter
Lecture 12: Absorption and Stripping 1