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Restrictions On Word Formation Rule

This document discusses different types of restrictions on word formation rules. It provides examples of morphological restrictions that require certain morphological properties in the base. There are also syntactic restrictions where affixes are sensitive to syntactic properties of the base. Additionally, borrowed vocabulary strata exist where loanwords from another language can only combine with bases from that origin due to historical factors. However, over time these restrictions can become unstable and more permissive.

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Siti Sarah Burhan
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327 views12 pages

Restrictions On Word Formation Rule

This document discusses different types of restrictions on word formation rules. It provides examples of morphological restrictions that require certain morphological properties in the base. There are also syntactic restrictions where affixes are sensitive to syntactic properties of the base. Additionally, borrowed vocabulary strata exist where loanwords from another language can only combine with bases from that origin due to historical factors. However, over time these restrictions can become unstable and more permissive.

Uploaded by

Siti Sarah Burhan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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RESTRICTIONS ON WORD

FORMATION RULES
Presented by:
Siti Sarah binti Burhan (1727242)
Nur Zafirah Amani binti Mohamad Zamri (1729936)
Productivity

MORPHOLOGICAL RESTRICTION
SYNTACTIC RESTRICTION

RESTRICTIONS
ON WORD
FORMATION
RULES

BORROWED VOCABULARY STRATA


MORPHOLOGICAL RESTRICTIONS

 Restriction on the morphological structure of the base


MODERN HEBREW
Require special morphological properties in the base

Example: Modern Hebrew action-noun pattern CiC(C)uC


This pattern is applied only to verbs of one particular inflection class
(CiC(C)eC)

Talk Speak Gather Gathering


diber dibur kibec kibuc

Programmi
Program
ng
tixnet tixnut
RUSSIAN
Base is defined in terms of a category, such as gender

Example: Female-noun suffix -ja

Talk Talker (male) Talker (female)


Говорит Говорун Говорунья
govor-it’ govor-un govor-un’-ja

Run Runner (male) Runner (female)


Говорит Говорун Говорунья
beg-at’ beg-un beg-un’-ja
SYNTACTIC RESTRICTIONS

 Affixes that are sensitive to syntactic properties of their


bases (Lieber, 2009)
Example: Suffix –able is used on transitive but not intransitive verbs

Transitive verb

 Love + -able = Lovable

 Read + -able = Readable

Intransitive verb

X Snore + -able = Snorable

X Become + -able = Becomeable


BORROWED VOCABULARY STRATA

 A layer of the lexicon consists of loanwords from another


language of a particular historical origin
KANNADA borrowed from SANSKRIT

Example: Sanskrit suffix –te


Cannot combine with non-Sanskrit bases

Sanskrit bases
khacita khacitate
bhadra bhadrate

Non-Sanskrit bases
kul.l.a
haasya
ENGLISH borrowed from LATIN

Example: Suffixes like -ive, -ity, -ous and -al


Restricted to bases of Latin origin

Latin bases
act active
brutal brutality

Germanic bases
fight fightive
brittle brittality
Since the restriction of a word-formation pattern to a borrowed
stratum is often unstable:

1. English -ous has been applied to non-Latinate bases


Example:

Murderous Thunderous

2. The Kannada Sanskrit-derived suffix –maya has been applied to non-Sanskrit words
Example:

lanca-maya influuyens-maya
(bribe) (influence)
THANK YOU

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