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Equilibrium of A Particle

This document provides an overview of engineering mechanics: statics of rigid bodies. It discusses the condition for equilibrium of a particle, which is that its acceleration is zero if originally at rest or has constant velocity if in motion. It also discusses Newton's first law and using a free-body diagram to represent all external forces acting on a particle. The free-body diagram procedure and examples of coplanar and three-dimensional force systems are also summarized.

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77 views

Equilibrium of A Particle

This document provides an overview of engineering mechanics: statics of rigid bodies. It discusses the condition for equilibrium of a particle, which is that its acceleration is zero if originally at rest or has constant velocity if in motion. It also discusses Newton's first law and using a free-body diagram to represent all external forces acting on a particle. The free-body diagram procedure and examples of coplanar and three-dimensional force systems are also summarized.

Uploaded by

rewqreqw
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ENGINEERING MECHANICS:

STATICS OF RIGID BODIES

Equilibrium of a Particle

Lecture 3
Condition for the Equilibrium of a Particle

A particle is said to be in equilibrium

if it remains at rest if originally at rest,

or has a constant velocity if originally in motion.

Newton’s 1st Law

෍𝐅 = 0

The vector sum of all the forces acting on the particle is zero.
The Free-Body Diagram
Two types of connections
often encountered in particle equilibrium problems:
Spring Cable

• Assumed to have negligible weight and cannot stretch.

𝐹 = 𝑘𝑠 • Can support only a tension or “pulling” force, and this


𝐹= 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 force always acts in the direction of the cable.
𝑘= spring constant or stiffness
𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 + 𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑑 − 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 • It is subjected to a constant tension T throughout its
𝑠=
𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑢𝑛𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 length.
The Free-Body Diagram
Procedure for Drawing a Free-Body Diagram
Problem Free Body Diagram

𝑁 = 𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒
𝑇 = 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛

𝑊 = 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡
• Draw Outlined Shape.

• Show All Forces.


• Active and Reactive Forces

• Identify Each Force.


Coplanar Force Systems
Coplanar Forces are forces that lie in the same plane (e.g. 𝑥 − 𝑦 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒).
𝑦
Free Body Diagram
𝐹1 • Establish the x, y axes in any suitable orientation.
𝐹2 • Label all the known and unknown force magnitudes and
directions on the diagram.
• The sense of a force having an unknown magnitude can
𝑥 be assumed.

Equations of Equilibrium
𝐹4
𝐹3
෍ 𝐹𝑥 = 0 ෍ 𝐹𝑦 = 0
𝐅1 = 𝐹1𝑥 𝐢 + 𝐹1𝑦 𝐣
𝐅2 = 𝐹2𝑥 𝐢 − 𝐹2𝑦 𝐣 • Components are positive if they are directed along a
𝐅3 = −𝐹3𝑥 𝐢 − 𝐹3𝑦 𝐣 positive axis, and negative if they are directed along a
𝐅4 = −𝐹4𝑥 𝐢 + 𝐹4𝑦 𝐣 negative axis.
• If the solution for a force yields a negative result, its sense
is the reverse of that shown on the free-body diagram.
Three-Dimensional Force Systems

Free Body Diagram


• Establish the x, y, z axes in any suitable orientation.
• Label all the known and unknown force magnitudes and
directions on the diagram.
• The sense of a force having an unknown magnitude can
be assumed.

Equations of Equilibrium

෍ 𝐹𝑥 = 0 ෍ 𝐹𝑦 = 0 ෍ 𝐹𝑧 = 0

• Express each force on the free-body diagram as a


𝐅1 = 𝐹1𝑥 𝐢 + 𝐹1𝑦 𝐣 − 𝐹1𝑧 𝐤 Cartesian vector, substitute these vectors into σ 𝐅 = 0
𝐅2 = −𝐹2𝑥 𝐢 + 𝐹2𝑦 𝐣 + 𝐹2𝑧 𝐤 and then set the 𝐢, 𝐣, 𝐤 components equal to zero.
𝐅3 = 𝐹3𝑥 𝐢 − 𝐹3𝑦 𝐣 + 𝐹3𝑧 𝐤 • If the solution for a force yields a negative result, its sense
is the reverse of that shown on the free-body diagram.
Reference:
Russell Charles Hibbeler.
Engineering Mechanics: Statics - 12th Edition.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2010.

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