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    Data Structure and Input Processing

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    Prabakar D
    The document discusses the Internet Protocol (IP) which provides a connectionless datagram service and treats each packet separately. It describes IP's design issues like routing, fragmentation, error control, and addressing. It also discusses IP version 4, the services it provides, its header format, address formats including classful and classless addressing, network configuration, and CIDR which enables efficient address assignment and route aggregation.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Data Structure and Input Processing

    Uploaded by

    Prabakar D
    128 views13 pages
    The document discusses the Internet Protocol (IP) which provides a connectionless datagram service and treats each packet separately. It describes IP's design issues like routing, fragmentation, error control, and addressing. It also discusses IP version 4, the services it provides, its header format, address formats including classful and classless addressing, network configuration, and CIDR which enables efficient address assignment and route aggregation.

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    The document discusses the Internet Protocol (IP) which provides a connectionless datagram service and treats each packet separately. It describes IP's design issues like routing, fragmentation, error control, and addressing. It also discusses IP version 4, the services it provides, its header format, address formats including classful and classless addressing, network configuration, and CIDR which enables efficient address assignment and route aggregation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    128 views13 pages

    Data Structure and Input Processing

    Uploaded by

    Prabakar D
    The document discusses the Internet Protocol (IP) which provides a connectionless datagram service and treats each packet separately. It describes IP's design issues like routing, fragmentation, error control, and addressing. It also discusses IP version 4, the services it provides, its header format, address formats including classful and classless addressing, network configuration, and CIDR which enables efficient address assignment and route aggregation.

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    UNIT - IV

    Data structure and input processing

    14-Oct-19 16CS409 -TCP/IP DESIGN & IMPLEMENTATION 1/5


    Internet Protocol (IP)

    • IP provides connectionless (datagram) service


    • Each packet treated separately
    • Network layer protocol common to all routers
    – which is the Internet Protocol (IP)

    14-Oct-19 16CS409 -TCP/IP DESIGN & IMPLEMENTATION 2/5


    Internet Protocol Operation

    14-Oct-19 16CS409 -TCP/IP DESIGN & IMPLEMENTATION 3


    Design Issues

    • Routing
    • Datagram lifetime
    • Fragmentation and re-assembly
    • Error control
    • Flow control
    • Addressing

    14-Oct-19 16CS409 -TCP/IP DESIGN & IMPLEMENTATION 4


    Internet Protocol (IP) Version 4

    • Part of TCP/IP
    – Used by the Internet
    • Specifies interface with higher layer
    – e.g. TCP
    • Specifies protocol format and mechanisms
    • RFC 791

    14-Oct-19 16CS409 -TCP/IP DESIGN & IMPLEMENTATION 5


    IP Services

    • Information and commands exchanged across


    adjacent layers (e.g. between IP and TCP)
    • Primitives (functions to be performed)
    – Send
    • Request transmission of data unit
    – Deliver
    • Notify user of arrival of data unit
    • Parameters
    – Used to pass data and control info

    14-Oct-19 16CS409 -TCP/IP DESIGN & IMPLEMENTATION 6


    IPv4 Header

    14-Oct-19 16CS409 -TCP/IP DESIGN & IMPLEMENTATION 7


    IPv4 Address Formats

    14-Oct-19 16CS409 -TCP/IP DESIGN & IMPLEMENTATION 8


    Classful Addressing

    • In classful addressing the address space is divided into 5


    classes:
    – A, B, C, D, and E.

    14-Oct-19 16CS409 -TCP/IP DESIGN & IMPLEMENTATION 9


    Classless Addresses

    • Extension of subnet idea to the whole Internet


    • Assigning IP numbers at any size together with a subnet
    number
    • A precaution against exhaustion of IP addresses
    • Special notation (CIDR notation)
    – network address/number of 1-bits in the mask
    – e.g. 128.140.168.0/21

    14-Oct-19 16CS409 -TCP/IP DESIGN & IMPLEMENTATION 10


    Network Configuration

    • IP address is the address of a connection (not of a computer or


    router)

    14-Oct-19 16CS409 -TCP/IP DESIGN & IMPLEMENTATION 11


    CIDR

    • If a network grows to more than 255 hosts, it may want a Class


    B address.
    • One possible way of avoiding is to handle many Class C
    routing addresses -- but then, for this one network, each router
    has to maintain multiple routing entries.
    • CIDR is an attempt to balance the desire to minimize the
    number of routes that a router needs to know versus the need
    to hand out addresses efficiently.
    • CIDR enables aggregation of routes !

    14-Oct-19 16CS409 -TCP/IP DESIGN & IMPLEMENTATION 12


    CIDR Address Assignment

    14-Oct-19 16CS409 -TCP/IP DESIGN & IMPLEMENTATION 13

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