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    Eksudat:: Fisiologi Dan Cara Pengambilan Sampel

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    Jerry Tjoanatan
    Eksudat is a pathological fluid that accumulates in tissues during inflammation in response to infection, trauma, or tumors. It contains protein, fluid, and cells that have leaked from blood vessels made permeable by the inflammatory response. There are several types of exudate defined by their composition, including serous, fibrinous, purulent, and mixed exudates. Exudate samples should be collected sterily using anticoagulants and analyzed microscopically and chemically to identify the cause and characterize the inflammatory process. White blood cell count above 500 cells/ul and presence of polymorphonuclear cells indicate an exudate rather than a transudate.

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    Eksudat:: Fisiologi Dan Cara Pengambilan Sampel

    Uploaded by

    Jerry Tjoanatan
    283 views13 pages
    Eksudat is a pathological fluid that accumulates in tissues during inflammation in response to infection, trauma, or tumors. It contains protein, fluid, and cells that have leaked from blood vessels made permeable by the inflammatory response. There are several types of exudate defined by their composition, including serous, fibrinous, purulent, and mixed exudates. Exudate samples should be collected sterily using anticoagulants and analyzed microscopically and chemically to identify the cause and characterize the inflammatory process. White blood cell count above 500 cells/ul and presence of polymorphonuclear cells indicate an exudate rather than a transudate.

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    Eksudat is a pathological fluid that accumulates in tissues during inflammation in response to infection, trauma, or tumors. It contains protein, fluid, and cells that have leaked from blood vessels made permeable by the inflammatory response. There are several types of exudate defined by their composition, including serous, fibrinous, purulent, and mixed exudates. Exudate samples should be collected sterily using anticoagulants and analyzed microscopically and chemically to identify the cause and characterize the inflammatory process. White blood cell count above 500 cells/ul and presence of polymorphonuclear cells indicate an exudate rather than a transudate.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    283 views13 pages

    Eksudat:: Fisiologi Dan Cara Pengambilan Sampel

    Uploaded by

    Jerry Tjoanatan
    Eksudat is a pathological fluid that accumulates in tissues during inflammation in response to infection, trauma, or tumors. It contains protein, fluid, and cells that have leaked from blood vessels made permeable by the inflammatory response. There are several types of exudate defined by their composition, including serous, fibrinous, purulent, and mixed exudates. Exudate samples should be collected sterily using anticoagulants and analyzed microscopically and chemically to identify the cause and characterize the inflammatory process. White blood cell count above 500 cells/ul and presence of polymorphonuclear cells indicate an exudate rather than a transudate.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 13

    EKSUDAT:

    FISIOLOGI DAN CARA PENGAMBILAN SAMPEL


    Pembimbing : Dr. Sylvia Rachmayati, dr. Sp.PK(K), M.Kes

    Oleh : Jerry Tjoanatan, dr


    Definisi Eksudat
    ◦ Eksudat adalah
    ◦ cairan patologis
    ◦ cairan radang ekstravaskular
    ◦ respon tubuh terhadap adanya gangguan
    inflamasi akibat infeksi bakteri/ trauma/ tumor
    ◦ berat jenis tinggi (diatas 1.020) dan
    ◦ seringkali mengandung protein 2-4 mg % serta sel-
    sel darah putih yang melakukan emigrasi.
    ◦ dapat membeku karena mengandung fibrinogen
    Mekanisme Terjadinya Eksudat
    ◦ Damaged cells release histamine, which triggers the inflammatory response. Histamine
    causes blood vessels to become more permeable Blood vessels around the area become
    "leaky", which allows exudate to be released. First, exudate from local blood vessels leaks
    into the damaged area. Exudate is made up of protein, fluid and cells.The fluids contain salts
    and proteins, such as immunoglobulins. Fibrin, is a protein in the exudate, which helps blood
    clotting. White bloods cells are also contained in the exudate.s Its function is to control
    defenses around the site of the damage. The white blood cells in the exudate are to destroy
    any pathogens in the area. Tissue that is damaged by the injury is broken down, and taken
    away. Inflammation presents in a few ways: redness, heat, pain, and swelling. Redness and
    heat are due to vessel dilation and increased blood flow. The pain is due to increased
    pressure on the Neurons from the swelling, and the effects of some of the chemicals
    released during the inflammation process. The build-up of exudate produces swelling. Rapid
    pulse rate and fever are also signs of inflammation.Generalized malaise, and pain in the
    inflamed area are symptoms of inflammation. Should the cause of the inflammation be
    something brief, such as a small splinter, inflammation usually goes away in forty-eight hours.
    ◦ Cairan ini tertimbun sebagai
    ◦ akibat permeabilitas vascular (yang memungkinkan protein plasma dengan molekul besar
    dapat terlepas),
    ◦ bertambahnya tekanan hidrostatik intravascular sebagai akibat aliran lokal yang meningkat
    ◦ Eksudat merupakan substansi yang merembes melalui dinding vasa ke dalam jaringan
    sekitarnya pada radang, berupa nanah.
    Komposisi Eksudat
    Jenis Eksudat Eksudat serosa

    Eksudat non
    Eksudat fibrinosa
    seluler

    Eksudat Seluler Eksudat musinosa


    Eksudat ( Eksudat netrofilik) (Eksudat kataral)

    Eksudat
    Campuran
    ◦ Jenis-Jenis Eksudat (Regina, 2011):
    ◦ 1) Eksudat non seluler
    ◦ a) Eksudat serosa
    ◦ Pada beberapa keadaan radang, eksudat hampir terdiri dari cairan dan zat-zat yang terlarut dengan sangat sedikit leukosit. Eksudat serosa pada dasarnya
    terdiri dari protein yang bocor dari pembuluh-pembuluh darah yang permiable dalam daerah radang bersama-sama dengan cairan yang menyertainya.
    Contoh eksudat serosa yang paling dikenal adalah cairan luka melepuh.
    ◦ b) Eksudat fibrinosa
    ◦ Eksudat fibrinosa terbentuk jika protein yang dikeluarkan dari pembuluh terkumpul pada daerah peradangan yang mengandung banyak fibrinogen.
    Contoh pada penderita pleuritis akan merasa sakit sewaktu bernafas, karena terjadi pergesekan sewaktu mengambil nafas.
    ◦ c) Eksudat musinosa (Eksudat kataral)
    ◦ Jenis eksudat ini hanya dapat terbentuk diatas membran mukosa, dimana terdapat sel-sel yang dapat mengsekresi musin. Jenis eksudat ini berbeda
    dengan eksudat lain karena eksudat ini merupakan sekresi sel bukan dari bahan yang keluar dari aliran darah. Contoh eksudat musin yang paling dikenal
    dan sederhana adalah pilek yang menyertai berbagai infeksi pemafasan bagian atas.
    ◦ 2) Eksudat Seluler ( Eksudat netrofilik)
    ◦ Eksudat yang mungkin paling sering dijumpai adalah eksudat yang terutama terdiri dari neutrofil polimorfonuklear dalam jumlah yang begitu banyak.
    Eksudat neutrofil semacam ini disebut purulen. Eksudat purulen sangat sering terbentuk akibat infeksi bakteri.
    ◦ 3) Eksudat Campuran
    ◦ Sering terjadi campuran eksudat seluler dan nonseluler dan campuran ini dinamakan sesuai dengan campurannya.Jika terdapat eksudat fibrino-purulen
    yang terdiri dari fibrin dan neutrofil polimorfonuklear, eksudat mukopurulen, yang terdiri dari musin dan neutrofil, eksudat serofibrinosa dan sebagainya
    Bentuk-Eksudat
    ◦ Serous
    ◦ Fibrinous
    ◦ Haemorrhagis
    ◦ Purulent
    ◦ Berbentuk kombinasi
    Cara pengambilan sampel
    ◦ Steril
    ◦ Anticoagulant ( natrium citrat 20% atau heparin steril )
    ◦ Cairan yang diperoleh ditampung dalam 3 botol penampung
    ◦ Botol I : Steril untuk pemeriksaan bakteriologi
    ◦ Botol II : Di tambah anticoagulant untuk pemeriksaan rutin.
    ◦ Botol III : Tanpa anticoagulant untuk pemeriksaan kimia.
    Pemeriksaan Eksudat
    ◦ Pemeriksaan Makroskopis ◦ Pemeriksaan Mikroskopis
    ◦ Volume ◦ Hitung Jumlah Sel Leukosit
    ◦ Warna : tergantung penyebabnya ◦ Jumlah Leukosit
    ◦ Hijau = bilirubin ◦ > 500 sel/ul (500 – 40.000 / mm3)
    ◦ Merah = darah ◦ Jenis sel : > polinuklear
    ◦ Putih kekuningan = pus
    ◦ Pemeriksaan Bakteriologi +++
    ◦ Putih susu = chylus
    ◦ Biru kehijauan = bakteri pyogenes ◦ Pemeriksaan Kimia
    ◦ Kekeruhan + ◦ Protein kualitatif (Rivalta test) +
    ◦ Bau ◦ Protein kuantitatif (Esbach) > 3 gr
    ◦ Berat jenis ˃ 1,018 (1,018 – 1,030) ◦ Glukosa << plasma
    ◦ Bekuan + ◦ Lemak mungkin + (infeksi TBC)
    Terima Kasih

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