UNIVERSITAS TEKNOKRAT INDONESIA
Fakultas Sastra dan Ilmu Pendidikan
GCF and LCM
Mathematics for Elementary Students
Faculty of Arts and Education
(SISTEM PEMBELAJARAN DALAM JARINGAN)
CONTACT US [email protected] @fsipteknokrat (0721) 784945
MATHEMATICS FOR ELEMENTARY STUDENTS
Greatest Common Factor
• What is the difference between a
factor and a multiple?
• Give me an example of a factor of
10
UNIVERSITAS TEKNOKRAT INDONESIA
MATHEMATICS FOR ELEMENTARY STUDENTS
Least Common Multiples
• Give me an example of a
multiple of 10
• What is the difference between a
factor and a multiple?
UNIVERSITAS TEKNOKRAT INDONESIA
MATHEMATICS FOR ELEMENTARY STUDENTS
GCF
How would you find the
GCF of 24 and 36?
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MATHEMATICS FOR ELEMENTARY STUDENTS
Methods to find GCF
There are actually 3 ways. You can use
• List Method
• Prime Factorization
• Birthday Cake/Ladder Method
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MATHEMATICS FOR ELEMENTARY STUDENTS
List Method
GCF 24 and 36
24 -1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24
36 – 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, 36
UNIVERSITAS TEKNOKRAT INDONESIA
MATHEMATICS FOR ELEMENTARY STUDENTS
Prime factorization method.
Circle all the primes the 2 numbers have in common
and multiply one set of them to get your GCF.
36
24
2 18
2 12
2 9
2 6
3 3
2
3
GCF:
2 x 2 x 3 = 12
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MATHEMATICS FOR ELEMENTARY STUDENTS
Birthday Cake or Ladder Method
36
24
2 12 2 18 GCF
2 X 2 X 3 = 12
2 6
2 9
3 2
3 3
UNIVERSITAS TEKNOKRAT INDONESIA
MATHEMATICS FOR ELEMENTARY STUDENTS
Least Common Multiple (LCM)
There are 3 ways to find the LCM.
• List the multiples of the numbers
• Prime Factorization
• Birthday Cake/Ladder Method
• Multiply the numbers times each other and
divide by the GCF
UNIVERSITAS TEKNOKRAT INDONESIA
MATHEMATICS FOR ELEMENTARY STUDENTS
LIST METHOD
• Multiples of 12 are…
12,24,36,48,60,72,….
• Multiples of 18 are…
18,36,54,72,90,108,…
The smallest multiple the 2 numbers have in
common is the least common multiple.
UNIVERSITAS TEKNOKRAT INDONESIA
MATHEMATICS FOR ELEMENTARY STUDENTS
Prime factorization. Write down the number they
have in common only once, then write down the
leftover numbers. Multiply them all together.
12 18
Numbers in common
are 2 and 3
3 4 9
2 Leftover numbers are 2
and 3
2 2 3 3 2 x 3 x 2 x 3 = 36
UNIVERSITAS TEKNOKRAT INDONESIA
MATHEMATICS FOR ELEMENTARY STUDENTS
DIVIDE BY GCF METHOD
Find LCM of 12 and 18
1st Find GCF – list all factors or use your
favorite method.
12 – 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12
18 – 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18
2nd Multiply 12 x 18 = 216
3rd Divide 216 ÷ 6 = 36
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MATHEMATICS FOR ELEMENTARY STUDENTS
Example 1
• Samantha has two pieces of cloth. One piece
is 72 inches wide and the other piece is 90
inches wide. She wants to cut both pieces into
strips of equal width that are as wide as
possible. How wide should she cut the strips?
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MATHEMATICS FOR ELEMENTARY STUDENTS
GCF Word Problem Solution
2 l 72 2 l 90
2 l 36 3 l 45
2 l 18 3 l 15
3l9 5l5
3l3 1
1
72 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 3
90 = 2 x 3 x 3 x 5
GCF = 2 x 3 x 3 = 18
Samantha should cut each piece to be 18 inches wide
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MATHEMATICS FOR ELEMENTARY STUDENTS
Example 2
• Ben exercises every 12 days and Isabel every 8
days. Ben and Isabel both exercised today.
How many days will it be until they exercise
together again?
UNIVERSITAS TEKNOKRAT INDONESIA
MATHEMATICS FOR ELEMENTARY STUDENTS
LCM Word Problem Solution
2 l 12 2l8
2l6 2l4
3l3 2l2
1 1
12 = 2 x 2 x 3
8=2x2x2
LCM = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 = 24
Ben and Isabel would exercise on the same day every 24 days.
UNIVERSITAS TEKNOKRAT INDONESIA
