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Microprocessor

This document discusses the evolution of microprocessors from early multi-purpose programmable devices to more powerful modern processors. It describes the key components of early microprocessors including the ALU, registers, and control unit. Several generations of Intel and other manufacturers' microprocessors are outlined from 4-bit and 8-bit processors to more powerful 32-bit and 64-bit versions. The features and capabilities of the Intel 8085, 8086 family, and Pentium processors are highlighted.

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76 views

Microprocessor

This document discusses the evolution of microprocessors from early multi-purpose programmable devices to more powerful modern processors. It describes the key components of early microprocessors including the ALU, registers, and control unit. Several generations of Intel and other manufacturers' microprocessors are outlined from 4-bit and 8-bit processors to more powerful 32-bit and 64-bit versions. The features and capabilities of the Intel 8085, 8086 family, and Pentium processors are highlighted.

Uploaded by

Paras
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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 Introduction

 Microprocessor’ three part


 Evolution of microprocessor
 A.L.U
 Features of 8085
 Function pin diagram of microprocessor 8085
 Flags
 Intel’s X-86 family
 Diagrams of x-86 family members
 Advantages of pentium processor
 Advance features of x-86 microprocessor family
 Programming model for 32-bit version of
microprocessor
 Defination:-Microprocessor is a semiconductor
multipurpose, programmable logical device that read binary
instruction from storage devices ,accept binary data as input
& process it according to given instruction and provide
result.
 The circuit of microprocessor has capable to performing
various computing function.
 It has ability to change the sequence of program.
 It has ability to store large data.
ALU Registers
Control Unit
1.ALU( Arithmetic and Logic Unit):It performs
arithmetic and logic operation and stored result at
accumulator.
2. Registers:-They are use to store result during
execution of program.
3.Control Unit : It provide timing and control signal to
whole computer system.
Parts of A.L.U.:-
1.Accumulator: It is
main register of
microprocessor
2.Internal CPU bus: It
transfer
Data as well as
address.
ACCUMULATOR IS MOST
IMPORTANT PART OF A.L.U. 3.Adder:It perform
ALL CALCULATION DONE arithmatic and logic
IN ADDER WITH THE HELP calculation.
OF REGISTERS
4.Stutus register: They
generate flags.
1.First generation:-Intel’s 4004(4 bit),8008(8-bit)
motorola’s 6800(8-bit)
2.Second generation:-Intel’s 8085 (8-bit)
zilog’s Z80 (8-bit)
3.Third generation:-Intel’s 8086 (16- bit)
zilog’s z-8000 (16-bit)
4.Fourth generation:-Intel’s 80386 (32-bit)
Intel’s 80486 (32-bit)
5.Fifth generation:- Intel’s 80586(pentium)
 It is an 8-bit microprocessor having 8-bit data bus
& 16-bit address bus
 8085 available in 40 pin plastic ceramic D.I.P.
packetes.
 8085 uses system
 It can address I/O mapped I/O physical memory of
64 KB.
 To communicate with external device , it uses
interrupt method.
 It required +5v single power supply and can
operate with 3 MHz single-phase clock.
 It has five flags.
1.Sign flag
2.Zero flag
3.Auxiliary carry flag
4.Parity flag
5.Carry flag
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0

s Z - Ac - P - Cy
Microprocessors in family
1.8086
2.80286
3.80386
4.80486
5.80586(pentium I)
6. Pentium II
7. Pentium III
8. Pentium IV
 16-bit microprocessor
 Design to be use as CPU
in microcomputer system
 ALU works with 16
binary bits at a time
 16-bit data bus,20-bit
address bus , it can
address physical memory
of 1 MB
 Words are stored in
consicutive memory
location
 It supports multiplication
and division operation
 16-bit microprocessor
 Designed to be used as a
CPU in
multiuser/multitasking os
 16-bit data bus,24-bit
address bus
 IBM introduced PD/AT
version
 Having real and protected
modes of operation
 Work upto 1 gb of vitrual
memory
 Feacture was added
hardware multitasking
 32-bit microprocessor
 Instruction set is superset
of other members of 8086
family
 32-bit data bus,32-bit
address bus
 Allows address 64 tb

 i)paged mode

ii) non-paged mode


 32-bit microprocessor
 32-bit data bus,32-bit
address bus
 It has DX and SX
version
 Not have on chip-
numeric coprocessor
 Achives its high speed
operation from its
faster its faster clock
speeds,internal pipe
lined architecture
 64-bit microprocessor
 64-bit data bus
 32-bit address bus
 Dual-pipe lined
processor
 Branch prediction
 On-chip caches
1.Dual pipelining –It works calculate with
arithmetic and trignomatric operation
2.On-chip caches-This improve the speed of any
operation.
3.Branch prediction : Pentium do educated guess
which is next instruction
4.64-bit data bus : It works with high speed and
transfer data faster than 32-bit data bus
microprocessor
->Capable of performing various computing
function &
making decision to change the sequence of
program execution.
->powerful computing device.
->Numeric coprocessor.
->Works with Multiuser & multitasking O.S.
->Support Virtual memory.
->Storing large volume data.
->Includes special instruction &internal h/w.

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