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LAC and Location Update

The document discusses Location Area Code (LAC) in GSM networks. It explains that LAC is used to divide the network into geographical areas to improve the efficiency of paging mobile devices. The size of LAC is important, as too small will cause excessive signaling updates while too large will overload paging channels. LAC is used along with location updates to keep track of user locations as they move between areas.

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Andres Rocke
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139 views10 pages

LAC and Location Update

The document discusses Location Area Code (LAC) in GSM networks. It explains that LAC is used to divide the network into geographical areas to improve the efficiency of paging mobile devices. The size of LAC is important, as too small will cause excessive signaling updates while too large will overload paging channels. LAC is used along with location updates to keep track of user locations as they move between areas.

Uploaded by

Andres Rocke
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction

 In GSM the paging messages cannot be sent in the whole network due
to the capacity of paging channel.

 The Location Area is introduced to GSM in order to solve the capacity


issue in paging channel.
 The Location Area is formed for a group of cells from the network in the
same geographical area..
Location Area Code
 Location Area Code（LAC) : To trace the location of
MS, the whole area covered by each GSM PLMN is
divided into different location areas.

 The paging for the MS is carried out though the paging


channel in all the cells which belongs to the same LAC.
 The size of the LAC is of vital importance to the system
performance.
 The registration management for the LAC is required.
Location Area Code
 The dimensioning of the Location Area Code is very
important for networks because if we make a very big area
or a very small area the quality of service will be affected.

 If LAC covers a too small area.


 The mobile station will send a lot of location updates increasing the
signaling flow in the system and making SDCCH congestion in the
cells.
 If LAC covers a too big area.
 The same paging messages will be delivered in all the cells from the
area and can cause overload in the paging channel, if the paging
channel is overload the MTC will face issues.
Location Area Code
 The location update is performed when:
 IMSI Attach and detach.
 When the mobile change from one LAC to another (Generic location update)
 Periodical Location Update (Periodical location update)
IMSI attach and detach
 When MS is switched on, it informs the network of its
status change by sending an IMSI attach message.
 Network change the status for the user.
 Network activate the paging program for that user.

 When MS is switched off, the IMSI detach message is


sent.
 VLR sets a detach mark in that IMSI.
 When another user try to call the IMSI which is detached the
network will send a message telling “the user that you try to
reach is out of coverage or the mobile is switched off”.
Generic Location Update
 This kind of location update is performed when MS
moves from one LAC to another LAC, registration is
needed so the VLS updates the MS location
information.
Periodic Location Update
 There is one location update that is performed
periodically.
 Ensures the close contact between network and mobile users.
 The shorter updating period leads to better network
performance. But frequent location update will increase the
signaling flow.

 The timer used for periodical location update is the


T3212.
Lose contact
 The network and the user loose contact when:
 The MS moves out of the coverage area.
 The MS sends IMSI detach message but the network
cannot receive.
 The MS is power off it can not inform to the network of
its status.
Thank you!

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