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    Protein Synthesis: With Thanks To Jenny P

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    nanoi
    DNA contains the code for making proteins. It is made up of nucleotides arranged in a specific sequence. The sequence of nucleotides acts like a code by dictating the sequence of amino acids that make up proteins. This code is read and the proteins are synthesized in two stages - transcription and translation. In transcription, the DNA code is copied into messenger RNA. The mRNA then leaves the nucleus and attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm during translation, where it is read and the corresponding amino acids are joined together to form the protein based on the mRNA code. Genetic diseases can occur if there is a mistake in the DNA code.

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    Protein Synthesis: With Thanks To Jenny P

    Uploaded by

    nanoi
    14 views20 pages
    DNA contains the code for making proteins. It is made up of nucleotides arranged in a specific sequence. The sequence of nucleotides acts like a code by dictating the sequence of amino acids that make up proteins. This code is read and the proteins are synthesized in two stages - transcription and translation. In transcription, the DNA code is copied into messenger RNA. The mRNA then leaves the nucleus and attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm during translation, where it is read and the corresponding amino acids are joined together to form the protein based on the mRNA code. Genetic diseases can occur if there is a mistake in the DNA code.

    Original Description:

    Biology-Protein Synthesis (simplified)

    Original Title

    Protein Synthesis

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    DNA contains the code for making proteins. It is made up of nucleotides arranged in a specific sequence. The sequence of nucleotides acts like a code by dictating the sequence of amino acids that make up proteins. This code is read and the proteins are synthesized in two stages - transcription and translation. In transcription, the DNA code is copied into messenger RNA. The mRNA then leaves the nucleus and attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm during translation, where it is read and the corresponding amino acids are joined together to form the protein based on the mRNA code. Genetic diseases can occur if there is a mistake in the DNA code.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    14 views20 pages

    Protein Synthesis: With Thanks To Jenny P

    Uploaded by

    nanoi
    DNA contains the code for making proteins. It is made up of nucleotides arranged in a specific sequence. The sequence of nucleotides acts like a code by dictating the sequence of amino acids that make up proteins. This code is read and the proteins are synthesized in two stages - transcription and translation. In transcription, the DNA code is copied into messenger RNA. The mRNA then leaves the nucleus and attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm during translation, where it is read and the corresponding amino acids are joined together to form the protein based on the mRNA code. Genetic diseases can occur if there is a mistake in the DNA code.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 20

    Protein

    Synthesis

    With thanks to Jenny P


    DNA is a very long molecule that looks like a twisted ladder.

    It is made up of 4 different subunits called nucleotides which can


    be arranged in any order
    The bases are complementary
    • DNA has two strands.

    • The strands are stuck together by the


    complementary bases.

    • Adenine to Thymine A-T


    • Cytosine to Guanine C-G
    It is the Sequence of bases that act like a code

    The sequence (order) of bases tells the cell


    what proteins to make.

    The sequence of bases dictates the sequence


    of amino acids, which determines the shape
    of a protein.

    If the protein is the wrong shape it will not


    work properly (it may work differently)

    So if the sequence in the DNA is wrong it may


    result in a genetic disease
    Sickle cell anaemia is caused by
    one change in the DNA base code
    It is a triplet code.
    It takes 3 bases to
    code for one amino
    acid
    Each triplet codes for a different amino acid.
    Protein Synthesis takes
    place in 2 stages

    DNA carries the code for every protein that can be


    made by a cell.

    A gene is a length of DNA which codes for a particular


    protein
    Transcription 1
    (making a messenger RNA copy of
    DNA)

    •Part of the DNA molecule (the gene) unzips


    •An RNA copy is produced, by matching
    complementary bases
    Transcription 2

    •The mRNA copy is made with the help


    of RNA polymerase.
    Complementary base pairing
    DNA Base Complementary RNA
    Base
    G C
    C G
    A U
    T A
    The m-RNA leaves the nucleus
    through a nuclear pore
    Nuclear
    membrane

    RNA
    leaving
    the
    nucleus
    RNA in the
    cytoplasm
    Translation
    • The m-RNA goes to the Ribosomes in the
    cytoplasm E
    F

    B
    D
    C
    The ribosomes read the code and
    join the amino acids together
    Transfer RNA brings the correct
    amino acid
    Translation - animation
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