Scribd
Upload
162 views19 pages

Exponential Functions and Their Graphs Section 3-1

Math

Uploaded by

Rejie
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
162 views19 pages

Exponential Functions and Their Graphs Section 3-1

Math

Uploaded by

Rejie
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 19

Exponential Functions and

Their Graphs
Section 3-1
The exponential function f with base a is
defined by
f(x) = ax
where a > 0, a  1, and x is any real number.

For instance,
f(x) = 3x and g(x) = 0.5x
are exponential functions.

2
The value of f(x) = 3x when x = 2 is
f(2) = 32 = 9

The value of f(x) = 3x when x = –2 is


1
f(–2) = 3–2 =
9

The value of g(x) = 0.5x when x = 4 is


g(4) = 0.54 = 0.0625

3
The graph of f(x) = ax, a > 1
y
Exponential
Growth
Function 4
Range: (0, )

(0, 1)
x
4
Horizontal Asymptote
y=0
Domain: (–, )

4
The graph of f(x) = ax, 0 < a < 1
y
Exponential
Decay
4
Function Range: (0, )

(0, 1)
x
4
Horizontal Asymptote
y=0
Domain: (–, )

5
Exponential Function
• 3 Key Parts
• 1. Pivot Point (Common Point)
• 2. Horizontal Asymptote
• 3. Growth or Decay

6
Manual Graphing
• Lets graph the following together:

• f(x) = 2x

Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Company, Inc. All rights reserved. 7


Example: Sketch the graph of f(x) = 2x.

x f(x) (x, f(x)) y

-2 ¼ (-2, ¼) 4
-1 ½ (-1, ½)
2
0 1 (0, 1)
1 2 (1, 2) x
2 4 (2, 4) –2 2

Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Company, Inc. All rights reserved. 8


Definition of the Exponential Function

The exponential function f with base b is defined by


f (x) = bx or y = bx
Where b is a positive constant other than and x is any real number.

Here are some examples of exponential functions.


f (x) = 2x g(x) = 10x h(x) = 3x

Base is 2. Base is 10. Base is 3.

Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Company, Inc. All rights reserved. 9


Calculator Comparison
• Graph the following on your calculator at
the same time and note the trend
• y1 = 2 x
• y 2= 5 x
• y3 = 10x

10
When base is a fraction
• Graph the following on your calculator at
the same time and note the trend
• y1 = (1/2)x
• y2= (3/4)x
• y3 = (7/8)x

11
Transformations Involving Exponential Functions
Transformation Equation Description

Horizontal g(x) = bx+c • Shiftsthe graph of f (x) = bx to the left c units if c > 0.
translation • Shifts the graph of f (x) = bx to the right c units if c < 0.

Vertical stretching or g(x) = cbx Multiplying y-coordintates of f (x) = bx by c,


shrinking • Stretches the graph of f (x) = bx if c > 1.
• Shrinks the graph of f (x) = bx if 0 < c < 1.

Reflecting g(x) = -bx • Reflectsthe graph of f (x) = bx about the x-axis.


g(x) = b-x • Reflects the graph of f (x) = bx about the y-axis.

Vertical translation g(x) = bx+ c • Shiftsthe graph of f (x) = bx upward c units if c > 0.
• Shifts the graph of f (x) = bx downward c units if c < 0.

12
Example: Sketch the graph of g(x) = 2x – 1. State the
domain and range.

The graph of this y f(x) = 2x


function is a vertical
translation of the 4
graph of f(x) = 2x
down one unit . 2

Domain: (–, ) x
y = –1
Range: (–1, )

13
Example: Sketch the graph of g(x) = 2-x. State the
domain and range.

The graph of this y f(x) = 2x


function is a
reflection the graph 4
of f(x) = 2x in the y-
axis.

Domain: (–, ) x
–2 2
Range: (0, )

14
Discuss these transformations
• y = 2(x+1)
• Left 1 unit
• y = 2x + 2
• Up 2 units
• y = 2-x – 2
• Ry, then down 2 units

15
Special Symbols
• Math uses special symbols at times to
represent special numbers used in
calculations.
• The symbol  (pi) represents 3.14…..

• The symbol “i” represents 1

16
(The Euler #) e is an irrational #,
where
e  2.718281828…
is used in applications involving growth
and decay.

17
The graph of f(x) = ex
y
x f(x)
Natural
Exponential 6
-2 0.14
Function -1 0.38
4
0 1
2 1 2.72
2 7.39
x
–2 2

18
Homework
• WS 6-1

19

You might also like