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Sewage Collection and Disposal, Excreta Disposal and Drainage

The document discusses sewage collection and disposal. It defines sewage as liquid waste from homes and describes how sewer systems collect it and transport it for treatment or disposal. The document outlines the main sources of sewage, the two types of modern sewer systems (separate and combined), and the nine main steps involved in waste water treatment plants, including collection, screening, primary treatment through settling, secondary treatment using activated sludge, bio-solids handling, tertiary treatment, disinfection, and sludge treatment. It also discusses excreta disposal and the health hazards of improper disposal, as well as common methods used in unsewered areas.

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Eunice Jane Constantino
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225 views19 pages

Sewage Collection and Disposal, Excreta Disposal and Drainage

The document discusses sewage collection and disposal. It defines sewage as liquid waste from homes and describes how sewer systems collect it and transport it for treatment or disposal. The document outlines the main sources of sewage, the two types of modern sewer systems (separate and combined), and the nine main steps involved in waste water treatment plants, including collection, screening, primary treatment through settling, secondary treatment using activated sludge, bio-solids handling, tertiary treatment, disinfection, and sludge treatment. It also discusses excreta disposal and the health hazards of improper disposal, as well as common methods used in unsewered areas.

Uploaded by

Eunice Jane Constantino
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SEWAGE COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL,

EXCRETA DISPOSAL AND DRAINAGE

Chapter XVII in The Code on Sanitation of the


Philippines (P.D. 856)

EUNICE JANE CONSTANTINO & DENVER PEREZ


SEWAGE COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL

YOUR COMPANY NAME 2


SEWAGE COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL

 Sewage is a type of waste waters that is produced by a community of people.


It includes household waste liquid waste from toilets, baths, showers,
kitchens, and sinks etc. that are disposed via sewers.

 A sewer is a constructed ditch or channel designed to carry away liquid-


conveyed wastes discharged by houses and towns.

YOUR COMPANY NAME 3


Collection of sewage refers to the system of sewer pipes (sewers)
collects sewage and takes it for treatment or disposal.

The system of sewers is called sewerage or sewerage system

YOUR COMPANY NAME 4


3 main source of waste waters (sewage)
1. Domestic
It is the waste water from houses, offices, other buildings, hotels and institutions.

2. Industrial
It is the liquid waste from the industrial places from their different industrial
processes like dying, paper matting, tanneries, chemical industries, etc.

3. Storm Water
It includes surface runoff generated from rainfall and the street wash.

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Modern Sewer system falls under two categories:

1. Separate system
eIt is the system in which storm
water is carried separately from
domestic and industrial waste
water. This system is preferred
when

 There is an immediate need for


collection of sanitary sewage
but not for storm water
 When sanitary sewage needs
treatment but the storm water
does not.

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Modern Sewer system falls under two categories:

2. Combined system
It is the type of system in which
sewer carries both the sanitary
and storm water. Combined
system is favored when

•Combined sewage can be


disposed off without treatment
•Both sanitary and storm water
need treatment
•Streets are narrow and two
separate sewers can not be laid.

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WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANT
- Wastewater treatment, also called sewage treatment,
Wastewater treatment is a process used to remove contaminants from wastewater or sewage and
convert it into an effluent that can be returned to the water cycle with minimum impact on the
environment, or directly reused.

THE PROCESS OF WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANT


Step 1: Waste Water Collection
Collection systems are put in place by municipal administration, home owners
as well as business owners to ensure that all the wastewater is collected and
directed to a central point. This water is then directed to a treatment plant using
underground drainage systems or by exhauster tracks owned and operated by
business people.

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Step 2: Odor Control
At the treatment plant, odor control is very important. Wastewater contains a lot of dirty
substances that cause a foul smell over time. To ensure that the surrounding areas are free of
the foul smell, odor treatment processes are initiated at the treatment plant.

Step 3: Screening
Screening involves the removal of large objects for example nappies, cotton buds, plastics,
diapers, rags, sanitary items, nappies, face wipes, broken bottles or bottle tops that in one way
or another may damage the equipment.
Step 4: Primary Treatment
This process involves the separation of macrobiotic solid matter from the wastewater. Primary
treatment is done by pouring the wastewater into big tanks for the solid matter to settle at the
surface of the tanks.

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Step 5: Secondary Treatment
Also known as the activated sludge process, the secondary treatment stage involves adding
seed sludge to the wastewater to ensure that is broken down further. Air is first pumped into huge
aeration tanks which mix the wastewater with the seed sludge

Step 6: Bio-solids Handling


The solid matter that settle out after the primary and secondary treatment stages are directed to
digesters. The digesters are heated at room temperature. The solid wastes are then treated for
a month where they undergo anaerobic digestion.

Step 7: Tertiary Treatment


This stage is similar to the one used by drinking water treatment plants which clean raw
water for drinking purposes. The tertiary treatment stage has the ability to remove up to 99
percent of the impurities from the wastewater. This produces effluent water that is close to
drinking water quality.

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Step 8: Disinfection

After the primary treatment stage and the secondary treatment process, there are still some
diseases causing organisms in the remaining treated wastewater. To eliminate them, the
wastewater must be disinfected for at least 20-25 minutes in tanks that contain a mixture of
chlorine and sodium hypochlorite.

Step 9: Sludge Treatment


The sludge that is produced and collected during the primary and secondary treatment
processes requires concentration and thickening to enable further processing. It is put into
thickening tanks that allow it to settle down and later separates from the water.

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Sewerage systems are designed to collect excreta and domestic
wastewater and transport them away from homes to a treatment and/or
disposal point. All sewerage systems require water for flushing waste
away. Conventional sewerage is a high-cost sanitation option; it is
usually deep laid and must be.

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Most of the people of rural area use
open field for defecation. They are
ignorant faeces are infectious
and pollute water and soil
and promote fly breeding.
Thus the problem of excreta
disposal is bound up with
numerous beliefs and habits
on ignorance

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OPEN DEFECATION

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The Main health hazards of improper Excreta Disposal

 Water Pollution
 Soil Pollution
 Contamination of food
 Propagation of flies & other
insects

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Methods of Excreta Disposal

1. UNSEWERED AREAS
 Service type latrines (conservancy system)
 Non Service type (sanitary latrines)
 Latrines used for camps & temporary use

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