Scribd
Upload
333 views16 pages

Couette Flow Solution Using Analytic and Crank-Nicolson Numerical

This document summarizes analytic and numerical techniques for solving Couette flow between two parallel plates. The analytic solution yields a linear velocity profile. Numerically, an implicit Crank-Nicolson technique is used to solve the governing equations over a discretized domain. The method is unconditionally stable, allowing a large time step. Solving the resulting matrix at each time step gives the velocity distribution which approximates the exact solution with good accuracy. The numerical method is proven effective for solving real-life fluid mechanics problems.

Uploaded by

krunal dhotre
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
333 views16 pages

Couette Flow Solution Using Analytic and Crank-Nicolson Numerical

This document summarizes analytic and numerical techniques for solving Couette flow between two parallel plates. The analytic solution yields a linear velocity profile. Numerically, an implicit Crank-Nicolson technique is used to solve the governing equations over a discretized domain. The method is unconditionally stable, allowing a large time step. Solving the resulting matrix at each time step gives the velocity distribution which approximates the exact solution with good accuracy. The numerical method is proven effective for solving real-life fluid mechanics problems.

Uploaded by

krunal dhotre
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 16

Couette flow solution using Analytic and

crank-nicolson Numerical technique

By -Krunal Dhotre
Introduction

• It is the flow between two parallel plates in which the lower plate is at rest while the
• upper plate Is moving.
• The plate are considered to be infinitely long.
• The flow field is driven by the shear stress exerted on fluid due to the movement of
• the upper plate
Analytic method

• The governing equation for the flow is

• The above equation is solution for incompressible, Newtonian and


steady flow
• The exact solution is given by
u = 𝑐1 Y+𝑐2
• Using boundary condition at y = 0 we have u = 0 we get 𝑐2 = 0
• Using boundary condition at y = D we have u = 𝑢𝑒 we get 𝑐1 =
𝑢𝑒
Τ𝐷
• The solution become:
𝒖 𝒚
=
𝒖𝒆 𝑫
• The result is linear profile.
• The image show the result plotted
By Matlab:
Numerical implicit approach using crank- Nicolson technique

• A time marching procedure is chosen.


• The governing equation for unsteady, incompressible, couette
flow is
given by:
Eq 1

• Which is parabolic partial differential equation.


• For the convenience, the above equation is converted to non-
dimensional form by defining following non-dimensional variable
𝑢 𝑦 𝑡
• U´= ; Y´= ; t´=
𝑢𝑒 𝐷 𝐷Τ𝑢𝑒
• By substituting Uˈ Yˈ tˈ in equation:1 we get

𝛿𝑢ˈ 𝜇 𝛿 2 𝑢ˈ
• Or =
𝛿𝑡ˈ 𝜌𝑢𝑒 𝐷 𝛿y ˈ2
𝜇
• Hear the term is the reciprocal of 𝑅𝑒𝐷 we get
𝜌𝑢𝑒 𝐷
𝛿𝑢ˈ 1 𝛿 2 𝑢ˈ
• =
𝛿𝑡ˈ 𝑅𝑒𝐷 𝛿y ˈ2
• For simplicity and ease of writing the mathematical formulas
consider:
𝛿𝑢 1 𝛿2𝑢
• =
𝛿𝑡 𝑅𝑒𝐷 𝛿y 2
• Where u, y , t represent uˈ, yˈ, tˈ.
𝛿𝑢
• is written using forward difference equation
𝛿𝑡
𝛿2𝑢
• written using central second difference.
𝛿y 2
• Finally difference equation become:
𝑢𝑗𝑛+1 −𝑢𝑗𝑛 1 𝑢 𝑛
𝑗+1 −2𝑢𝑗
𝑛
+ 𝑢 𝑛
𝑗−1
• = 2
∆𝑡 𝑅𝑒𝐷 (∆𝑦)
• Where J represent space marching direction and n represent time
marching direction
• By crank-Nicolson technique using averaging of terms .
Which can be simplified as
𝑛+1
A𝑢𝑗−1 + B𝑢𝑗𝑛+1 + A𝑢𝑗+1
𝑛+1
=𝐾𝑗

Further rearranging by
taking n+1 term on left side
of the equation
And taking mathematical
terms common
• Figure show labelling of point for grid

• Hear the total domain is divided into 7 nodes.


• It can be seen in the boundary condition that 𝑢1 =0 , 𝑢𝑁+1 =1
• The equation for this system J=2
A𝑢1𝑛+1 +B𝑢2𝑛+1 +A𝑢3𝑛+1 =𝐾2
Modified format is:
B𝑢2𝑛+1 +A𝑢3𝑛+1 = 𝐾2 - A𝑢1𝑛+1
• Second equation for this system J=3
A𝑢2𝑛+1 + B𝑢3𝑛+1 + A𝑢4𝑛+1 = 𝐾3
• Third equation for the system J=4
A𝑢3𝑛+1 + B𝑢4𝑛+1 + A𝑢5𝑛+1 = 𝐾4
• Fourth equation for this system J=5
A𝑢4𝑛+1 + B𝑢5𝑛+1 + A𝑢6𝑛+1 = 𝐾5
• Fifth equation for this system J=6
• A𝑢5𝑛+1 + B𝑢6𝑛+1 + A𝑢7𝑛+1 = 𝐾6
• Or A𝑢5𝑛+1 + B𝑢6𝑛+1 = 𝐾6 - A𝑢7𝑛+1
• The result (velocity distribution) can be attained by solving the
resulting matrix.
𝑛+1
𝐵 𝐴 0 0 0 𝑢 2 𝐾2 − A𝑢1𝑛+1
•𝐴 𝐵 𝐴 0 0 𝑢3𝑛+1 𝐾3
0 𝐴 𝐵 𝐴 0 𝑢4𝑛+1 𝐾4
𝑛+1 𝐾5
0 0 𝐴 𝐵 𝐴 𝑢 5
• 𝑛+1
0 0 0 𝐴 𝐵 𝑢6𝑛+1 𝐾 6 − A𝑢 7
• Where subscript denotes the grid point and superscript denotes the
time step.
• For solving above matrix we can use gauss elimination or by
Thomas algorithm.
• After solving above set of matrices will eventually give the velocity
profile.
Advantage

• The main advantage of implicit method is that we can take a large


value of time step ∆t
• Also crank Nicolson technique is unconditionally stable.
Result and Conclusion

• We can calculate the velocity at different grid point and can repeat
the same procedure for different time step.

• From this study, we observed that it is easy to find the exact


solution of the Couette Flow problem.
• It is proved from this work that the numerical scheme (Crank
Nicolson) is the best approximation to the solutions of Couette
flow problem.
• Therefore, one can say on the basis of this experiment that all
convergent numerical schemes can approximate the exact
solutions with desired degree of accuracy.
• Because of such successes of the numerical method, it is proved
to be a good and applicable mathematical tool to deal with any
sort of real life problems
References

• Anderson Jr. JD (1995), Computational Fluid Dynamics.


McGraw-Hill.
• Munson, Young, Okiishi, Huebsch (2008). Fundamentals of fluid
mechanics.
John Wiley& Sons, inc.

You might also like