Tables and Graphs

(Practical Research 2)
Objectives At the end of the lesson,
learners will be able to:
▫ differentiate tables and
graphs;
▫ apply tables and graphs in
research; and
▫ present and interpret data in
tabular and graphical forms.
2
What is the next step
after collecting data
and treating them
with appropriate
statistical formula? 3
Presentation of
Data

4
* Common tools of data presentation
* Clearly and easily presents one or
more sets of data series to readers
* Shows result of data analysis
through statistical methods
What are the different
ways of presenting
data in quantitative
research?
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 A. Graph
• Shows relations, comparisons, and distributions in a
set of data like absolute values, percentages, or
index numbers

Data series – a set of related data (i.e. sales of product

X each year for the past five years)
1. Bar Graph
• Shows differences in individual values
horizontally
• NOT a good choice for showing values in different
time periods
• Works better for presenting results of one or two
data series
1. Bar Graph

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1. Bar Graph

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1. Bar Graph

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2. Column Graph
• A type of bar graph
• Shows differences in individual values vertically
• Good way to show relative sizes of things and
when data is in categories (i.e. race, sex, age
group, educational level)
• Can be used to show differences between values
in different time periods or other data groupings
2. Column Graph

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2. Column Graph

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2. Column Graph

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3. Line Graph
• Features values at different points in time
• Consists of a horizontal x-axis and a vertical y-axis
3. Line Graph

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3. Line Graph

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Image source:
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.gl/BEFJajMgEEGuYr
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4. Area Graph
• Line graphs but with the area below the line filled
in with a certain color or texture
• Shows relationship of different parts to a whole
over time
• Best used for four to six data series
4. Area Graph

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4. Area Graph

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4. Pie Graph (Pie Chart)
• Shows proportion of each segment of a whole
• This graph only handles ONE data series
• Uses "pie slices" to show relative sizes of data
4. Pie Graph (Pie Chart)

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Image source:
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4. Pie Graph (Pie Chart)

https://images.app.goo.gl/5hNEUymjsZcbvW1h9
5. Histogram
• It is similar to a bar graph, but a histogram groups
numbers into ranges.
• The height of each bar shows how many fall into
each range.
5. Histogram

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5. Histogram

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Difference
between
Histogram
and Bar Graph

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 Graph
Selection
Guidelines

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 Before
presentation
of data, these Tables
non-prose
forms must
be properly
Ladies and gentlemen,
presenting…
Graphs
introduced or
described.

32
Some ways 1. The pie graph in Figure 2 shows the
of total number of enrolled Grade 11
introducing senior high school students for
graphs or school year 2014-2015.
tables in 2. Table 9, entitled “Weighted Mean of
the Responses of the Grade-VI
your paper:
Teachers Regarding Clinical
Supervision during Post Conference,”
appears on page 34.
 What are the key
graph elements that
you need to know?
Key Graph Colors Depth
Elements ▫ Contrast ▫ 2D or 3D
▫ Consistent
Data Labels
Axes ▫ Text box with data
▫ Two axes (except value
pie graph) ▫ Place close to
▫ Legible graphical
presentation
Title
▫ Legible
▫ Focus on
interpretation of Legend
 B. Tables
• Provide exact values and illustrates results efficiently
• Present a large amount of data in small amount of space
• Figures arranged in orderly rows and columns
A B C

Yellow 10 20 7
Blue 30 15 10
Orange 5 24 16
 What are the key
table elements that
you need to know?
When using Precise Values Single Category
a table, ▫ NOT rounded off; ▫ Present in different
to see patterns or points
observe the exceptions
following: Comparing Numbers Emphasize Exact
Value
▫ Down a column,
NOT across a row ▫ Like weighted
mean or frequency
Column & Row
Few Numbers
Averages
▫ Data set must
▫ Easy inspection of
contain few numbers
data
Examples of Tables

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How to Create a Graph
in Excel
Watch the video.
Group
Work
Answer the
activity
sheet
provided

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References
Practical Research 2 for Senior High School.
C & E Publishing 2017
www.mathisfun.com
www.math-aids.com
Credits
Presentation template by SlidesCarnival

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