PROJECT

PRESENTATION ON

E-NOTICE BOARD USING GSM AND

MICROCONTROLLER

PRESENTED BY

BANDESH KUMAR
ASIT KUMAR MOHAPATRA
 CONTENTS
 INRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEM
 SYSTEM DESIGN CALLS
 SIGNIFICANCE
 FEATURES OF EMBEDDED SYSTEM
 HARDWARE COMPONENTS
 MICROCONTROLLER
 POWER SUPPLY
 GSM INTERFACE
 LCD DISPLAY
 APPLICATIONS OF EMBEDDED SYSTEM
 GSM INTERFACE
 SUBSCRIBER IDENTITY MODULE(SIM)
 LCD INTERFACE
TEST PERFORMED
INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEM

 An Embedded System is a combination of computer

hardware and software, and perhaps additional
mechanical or other parts, designed to perform a specific
function.
 embedded system is a microcontroller-based, software
driven, reliable, real-time control system, autonomous,
or human or network interactive
 An embedded system is a special purpose computer
system designed to perform certain dedicated function.
It is usually embedded as a part of complete device
usually hardware parts.
SYSTEM DESIGN CALLS
SIGNIFICANCE

 Due to their compact size, low cost and

simple design aspects embedded systems
are very popular and encroached into
human lives and have become
indispensable. They are found everywhere
from kitchen ware to space craft.
FEATURES OF EMBEDDED SYSTEM

 An embedded system is any computer system

hidden inside a product other than a computer.
 Cost – Reducing the cost of the hardware is a
concern in many embedded system projects;
software often operates on hardware that is
barely adequate for the job.
 Embedded systems are contraints for power
since many embedded system operate through
battery , its power consumption should be low.
APPLICATION

 Military and aerospace embedded software

applications
 Communication Applications
 Industrial automation and process control
software
 Mastering the complexity of applications.
 Reduction of product design time.
 Real time processing of ever increasing amounts
of data.
 Intelligent, autonomous sensors.
HARDWARE COMPONENTS
MICROCONTROLLER
 Port A (PA7..PA0)- Port A serves as the analog
inputs to the A/D Converter

 Port B (PB7..PB0)-Port B is an 8-bit bi-directional

I/O port . The Port B pins are tri-stated when a reset
condition becomes active, even if the clock is not
running.

 Port C (PC7..PC0)-Port C is an 8-bit bi-directional

I/O port with internal pull-up resistors. The Port C
pins are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes
active, even if the clock is not running.
 Port D (PD7..PD0)-Port D is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port
with internal pull-up resistors. The Port D pins are tri-stated .

 RESET-Reset Input. A low level on this pin for longer than

the minimum pulse length will generate a reset, even if the
clock is not running.

 XTAL1:Input to the inverting Oscillator amplifier and input

to the internal clock Operating circuit.

 XTAL2:Output from the inverting Oscillator amplifier.

 AREF:AREF is the analog reference pin for the A/D

Converter
 The ATmega16 is a low-power CMOS 8-bit microcontroller
based on the AVR enhanced RISC architecture. By executing
powerful instructions in a single clock cycle, the ATmega16
achieves throughputs approaching 1 MIPS per MHz allowing the
system designer to optimize power consumption versus
processing speed.
 The ATmega16 provides the following features:
 16K bytes of In-System Programmable Flash Program
memory with Read-While-Write capabilities, 512 bytes
EEPROM, 1K byte SRAM, 32 general purpose I/O lines, 32
general purpose working registers, a JTAG interface for
Boundary-scan,, Internal and External Interrupts, a serial
programmable USART, a programmable Watchdog Timer
with Internal Oscillator,
 POWER SUPPLY
 Power supply is the circuit from which we get a desired
dc voltage to run the other circuits. The voltage we get
from the main line is 230V AC but the other components
of our circuit require 5V DC.
 A step-down transformer is used to get 12V AC which is
later converted to 12V DC using a rectifier.
 . The 12V DC is rated down to 5V using a positive voltage
regulator chip 7805. Thus a fixed DC voltage of 5V is
obtained.
A 5V regulated supply is taken as
followed :
GSM INTERFACE
 WHAT GSM MEAN ?
 Stands for GLOBAL SYSTEM GOR MOBILE
 GSM is a second generation cellular standard
developed to cater voice services and data delivery
using digital modulation.
 As GSM has grown worldwide, it has expanded to
operate at four main frequency bands: 900,
1800,1900 and 800.
 The modulation used in GSM is Gaussian minimum
shift keying (GMSK), a kind of continuous-
phase Frequency shift keying. In GMSK, the signal
to be modulated onto the carrier is first smoothed
with a Gaussian low pass filter which greatly
reduces the interference to neighbouring channels
SIM (Subscriber Identity Module)

 Smart card which identifies the terminal

 Protected by a four-digit Personal

Identification Number (PIN). In order to
identify the subscriber to the system, the SIM
card contains some parameters of the user
such as its International Mobile Subscriber
Identity (IMSI).
LCD INTERFACE

 The most commonly used Character based

LCDs are based on Hitachi's HD44780
controller or other which are compatible with
HD44580
 The most commonly used LCDs found in the
market today are 1 Line, 2 Line or 4 Line
LCDs which have only 1 controller and
support at most of 80 characters, whereas
LCDs supporting more than 80 characters
make use of 2 HD44780 controllers.
PIN DISCRIPTION OF LCD MODULE
 The LCD also requires 3 "control" lines from the
microcontroller:
 Enable (E) :
This line allows access to the display through R/W and RS
lines. When this line is low, the LCD is disabled and ignores
signals from R/W and RS. When (E) line is high, the LCD
checks the state of the two control lines and responds
accordingly.
 Read/Write: (R/W)
This line determines the direction of data between the LCD
and microcontroller. When it is low, data is written to the
LCD. When it is high, data is read from the LCD.
 Register select: (RS)
With the help of this line, the LCD interprets the type of data
on data lines. When it is low, an instruction is being written to
the LCD. When it is high, a character is being written to the
LCD.
EMBEDDED “C”

 Embedded C is a set of language extensions

for the C programming language by the C
standard committee to address
commonality issues that exist between C
extensions for different embedded system
ADVANTAGES OF USING EMBEDDED
“C”
 It is very efficient.
 It is popular and well understood.
 Even desktop developers who have used only
Java or C++ can soon understand C syntax.
 Good, well-proven compilers are available for
every embedded processor (8-bit to 32-bit or
more).
 TEST PERFORMED
CONTUNITY TEST
 In electronics, a continuity test is the
checking of an electric circuit to see if current
flows . A continuity test is performed by
placing a small voltage across the chosen
path. If electron flow is inhibited by broken
conductors, damaged components, or
excessive resistance, the circuit is "open".
 This test is the performed just after the
hardware soldering and configuration has
been completed. This test aims at finding any
electrical open paths in the circuit after the
soldering. Many a times, the electrical
continuity in the circuit is lost due to
improper soldering, wrong and rough
handling of the PCB, improper usage of the
soldering iron, component failures and
presence of bugs in the circuit diagram.
 POWER ON TEST
 This test is performed to check whether the
voltage at different terminals is according to the
requirement or not.
 Firstly, we check the output of the transformer,
whether we get the required 12 v AC voltage.
 We do this test without microcontroller because
if there is any excessive voltage, this may lead to
damaging the controller.
 We check for the input to the voltage regulator
i.e., are we getting an input of 12v and an output
of 5v
 . In this way we can assure that the voltage at all
the terminals is as per the requirement.
 THANK YOU