“THE IMPORTANCE OF

MEDICO-LEGAL OFFICER
IN CRIME SCENE
PROCESSING”
Nowadays there were so many cases that are solved
because of the help of our Medico-Legal Officers in
solving crime scene. They also have the ability to testify as
an Expert Witness in the Court because of their
experience knowledge and expertise in the field of
Medico-legal in solving crimes. They have the authority to
examine the body of the corpses for medical purposes
only. In our present time, crimes are more complex and
sophisticated, difficulties in solving as it needs to be
processed by the help of forensic experts and the Medico
Legal Officer.
 The present administration’s campaign against drugs or the ‘War On Drugs’
became sensational because of the extrajudicial killings. The victims were mostly
drug users and some are minors. Vigilante killings are rampant and it caused fear to
the public. One of the example of this case According to a news of a 17 years old
Boy who is currently residing at Caloocan city who was tortured & shot dead.
Another issue was the EJK victims were brutally killed, with a signboard on their
bodies which reads “ Pusher ako wag tularan”. Their bodies were brutally tortured.
Some of the victim’s faces were unrecognizable due to severe wounds. Only the
Medico Legal Officer can identify and examine those bodies for possible
identification. This issue shocked the people of the Philippines, this case became
trending at the social media. The PNP Crime Laboratory conducted an Investigation
to determine how the victim was killed, according to the autopsy result. The victim
was shot two times on the head, with two Gunshot Wounds, both on the head the
first one was exactly on the ear while the other was at the back of the ear. Those
gunshot wounds were the cause of the victim’s death.
 The researcher aims to know the importance of the
presence of Medico legal officer / Medical Examiner
in the crime scene. A medical examiner conducts
an examination to the victim’s dead body with a
step by step procedure until the cause of death has
been identified. The Examiner coordinates with the
police to solve the crime. The Researcher will
conduct a study about the role of medical examiner
and his contributions to the investigation.
2.0 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
LEGAL MEDICINE
PEDRO P. SOLIS, MD., LI.B.,D. Crim. Professorial lecturer in
Legal Medicine and Medical Jurisprudence, University of the
Philippines, Far Eastern University of the East, Fatima College
of Medicine
Third is Aristotle (384-322 B.C) fixed the animation of the fetus within 40th days after
conception. In the year 300 B.C in China the Chinese material gave information about poison
including aconite, arsenic and Opium. Hashish is also use as a narcotic in surgery in 200 B.C.
Numa Pompilius King in Rome (600 B.C) all woman dying immediately opened in order to save
the life of the child. The first " Police Surgeon " or Forensic pathologist was Antistius. Julius
Caesar (100-44 B.C.) was murdered and his body was exposed in forum and Antistius performed
the autopsy. According to Autopsy to Caesar has 23 wounds and one penetrated chest cavity
between the first and second ribs. Justinian (483-565 A.D) said physician not an ordinary witness
and physician also give judgment rather than testimony that led to recognition of physician as a
expert witness in court. The first text bool worldwide in the field of legal medicine was included
in the Consti tuto Criminalis Carolina and it was promulgated in the 1532 during the reign of
Emperor Charles V in Germany. In the year 1209 Pope Innocent lll issued an edict that provide an
appointment to all doctors of the courts to determined the nature of the wounds. Pope Gregory
lX, in 1234 is concerned about medical evidence which is sexual offenses, crime against person
and witchcraft and etc... In 14th century, Pope John XXll expressed the need of expert in the
courts, in their diagnosis of leprocy and medico-legal documents. Paulus Zacchias (1584-1659) is
a papal physician, and also known as "Father of Forensic medicine". He published Questiones
Medico-legales which dealt with the detection of secret homicide.
3
LEGAL MEDICINE

PEDRO P. SOLIS, MD., LI.B.,D. Crim. Professorial lecturer in Legal Medicine and Medical Jurisprudence,
University of the Philippines
, Far Eastern University of the East, Fatima College of Medicine

2.1.2 IN THE PHILIPPINES

The practice of legal medicine in the Philippines is start with Spanish regime in 1858 with the
instruction of Dr. Rafael Genard y Mas, Chief Army Physician, about medico-legal practice in he
contribute his book entitled " Manual de Medicina Domestica". In our modern time there are issue
about similarities between legal medicine and forensic medicine although there big difference
between the two legal medicine is primarily the application of medicine to legal cases while forensic
medicine concern only with the applications of medical science to elucidate legal problems. In the
year 1871 the School of Medicine of Realy Pontifica Universidad de Santo Tomas adapt and apply
the subject on practicing legal medicine. In 1895 the first medico-legal Laboratory in the Philippines
was established in the City of Manila and it also extended and some provinces
In 1901, Philippine Commission created the provincial, insular and municipal Board of
Health ( Act Nos. 157. 307 and 308) The president and inspector are also participate in
medico-legal duties and also the "pre-existing medico-legal system in full force in the
Administrative Code. On March 3, 1939 the Department of legal Medicine was abolished
and transferred to Department of Justice . On July 4, 1942 President Jose P Laurel create a
law enforcing agencies called Bureau of Investigation after 1 year United state Army
created the Criminal Investigation Laboratory with the office of the Medical Examiner but
thankfully it also reactivated under DOJ. In 1945 Republic Act No. 157 is created by
Bureau of Investigation was passed by the order of the President of the Philippines under
the Bureau of Medico-legal Division with the coordination of Dr. Enrique after several
years there are new branches of Medico-legal Division in the Criminal Laboratory branch
of Philippine Constabulary. All provincials, municipal there are another approval
happened that provided for the creation of rural health called RA 1982 effective on june
15, 1954. RA 409 is amended by RA 1934 that provides (Sec. 38) for the creation of the
office of the Medical Examiner Under the Police Department of the City of Manila. In Dec
1975 PD 856 was promulgated and Sec.95
2.2. VARIABLE DISCUSSION
2.2.1 Crime scene investigation Marilyn T Miller
Forensic science, From weight unit quantities of polymer to computing databases capable of
distinguishing latent fingerprints, rhetorical science and therefore the analysis of terribly
minute quantities of physical proof have advanced and improved. Yet, these applications of
the science square measure remote from the crime scene and its investigation. Crime scene
investigations that the starting purpose for the no-hit use of physical proof by the rhetorical
laboratory and therefore the criminal investigator. Currently quite ever, the scene of a
criminal offense should be properly managed and investigated within the very best manner.
Successful, top quality crime scene investigation could be a straight forward, organized
method. it's not rigid; it follows a group of principles and procedures that square measure
affordable and make sure that all physical proof is discovered and investigated with the result
that justice is served. the fundamental crime scene procedures square measure physical
proof recognition, documentation, correct assortment, packaging, preservation, and, finally,
scene reconstruction. each crime scene is exclusive and, with expertise, a criminal offense
scene investigator are going to be able to use this logical and systematic approach to analyze
even the foremost difficult crime scenes conclusion.
 2.2.2 Medico legal investigation of death in custody a
postmortem procedure for detection of blunt force injuries.
(Jehuda Hiss,Tsipi Kahana,1996).
The American journal of forensic medicine and pathology.
Death in custody ofttimes raises suspicion of mistreatment on the a
part of the custodians. The meticulous postmortem seek for proof
of injury is that the dominant thought in objective investigation.
Detection and analysis of hidden hypodermic hemorrhages
facilitates reconstruction of antemortem circumstances .we tend to
describe a replacement postmortem technique for correct
examination of the hypodermic tissues utilizing an easy X-shaped
incision of the rear and limbs and reflective the skin. this method
leaves no noticeable disfigurement.
 2.2.4 Techniques of crime scene investigation
Barry AJ Fisher, David R Fisher crc Press, 2003 Having
aforementioned all this, criminal investigations stay a posh endeavor
and need professionals from several disciplines to figure hand and glove
toward one common goal. The effective use of science and technology
could be a vital component to crime determination. Police investigators
and prosecutors should be able to use this resource to its full potential.
Science and technology applied to the answer of criminal acts—forensic
science—solve crimes and probably save lives. Scientific crime scene
investigation aids police investigators in characteristic suspects and
victims of crimes, clearing innocent persons of suspicion and ultimately
conveyance the wrongdoers to justice. once the justice system is in a
position to get rid of a criminal from society, innocent persons don't
become new victims of criminal acts.
 2.2.3 The role of the crime laboratory in medicolegal death
investigation (Susan Narveson)
The Crime laboratory provides help in 2 key
components of collection death investigations: Personal
identification is accomplished through analysis of DNA and
Fingerprints. Determination of the reason behind death is assisted
by laboratory analysis of firearms, tool marks, controlled
substances and cyanogenetic substances. The crime laboratory
also can draw on national information of DNA (the Combined DNA
Index System) fingerprints (the machine-controlled Fingerprint
Identification System) and ballistics (the National Integrated
Ballistics Identification Network).
 2.2.5 Practical homicide investigation: Tactics, procedures, and forensic techniques
Vernon J Geberth CRC Press, 2016 Forensic Techniques has been whole revised
to handle the revolutionary forensic techniques still because the fashionable fact-finding
procedures and issues of the new millennium. sensible kill Investigation is that the
benchmark and “best practice” model and thus continues to be the “Bible” of kill
investigation and also the recognized protocol for skilled death investigation. This text
provides the fore most sensible and standard info out there to detectives answerable for
conducting intelligent investigations of violent and extra time. This revision relies on my forty
years of enforcement expertise. erst a replacement royal house town detective, detective
supervisor, and kill commander, and currently a nationwide adviser ,I even have integrated
this substantial data in conjunction with my associations with consultants within the sphere
of rhetorical science and criminal investigation. I embrace personal interviews from different
kill authorities and gift an intensive search of theoretical literature providing as several actual
case histories and illustrations as attainable. My mission is to supply a comprehensive
associated sensible resource text which will function an investigation guide for the Skill
2.2.6 Adequacy of expertise and services available to death investigation (mary
fran ernst).

Several forms of professionals with the exception of the

physician or medical examiner serve death investigations. every kind has its own
credentialing organization, however a general observation is that the professions
square measure aging. The assemblage death investigator is associate agent of the
physician and is mostly the primary purpose of contact for enforcement. That
person is to blame for deciding the small print of the death and for helping within
the scientific identification of the deceased and in locating and notifying next of
kin. The yankee Board of assemblage Death Investigations has 2 levels of
credentials. There square measure 635 registered and another sixty board-certified
death investigators. they're a median of forty years old—somewhat younger than
the remainder of the professionals within the field.
2.2.7 Medico legal investigation of gunshot wounds(Lippincott,1976).

The duties and responsibilities of The Medical investigators and also the
Police square measure expressly made public, and tips square measure established for cooperative
efforts between the 2.enclosed square measure the investigation of the scene of injury or death
;assortment of evidence; follow up investigation within the autopsy area and rhetorical science
laboratory; the role of the police; The roles of the attending doc, doctor, medical specialist, and every
one different Medical personnel; Handling of cases of national importance; preparation of reports; and
presentation of proof in court. A separate chapter is dedicated to current analysis within the
investigation of shooting cases. Dr. FATTEH covers such fashionable strategies as nucleon activation
analysis and atomic absorption chemical analysis as analysis tools to review shot residues. The
author stresses that, so as to avoid a miscarriage of justice, physician should settle for the
responsibility of maintaining correct records which can be later summoned by the court; coverage
shootings; and, If surgery is performed, protective all excised tissue and fragments of bone, any
bullets or fragments of bullets removed, wear fibers and hair samples, etc. for the medical specialist,
The strategies OF documenting numerous findings on acceptable chart and diagrams square
measure absolutely delineated . A historical account of the event of firearms is given also as basic
data on fashionable firearms and ammunition. various pictures give graphic representation of
criminalistics proof.
2.2.8 Medicolegal Relevance of Cadaver entomofauna for the determination of
the time of death. ( MI Marchenko,2001).

The optimum criteria for determination time of death in late postmortem

amount are often developed as a results of comprehensive study of the
subsequent processes: 1st of all there area unit regular changes occurring directly
within the tissues and organs of a body and on the total utterly betting on the
particular properties of a specific body. Analysis of over fifty soviet papers
dedicated to the study of dynamics of postmortem processes tissues and organs
occurring later than 6 days or a lot of when the instant of death has shown that.
Evidence must have such a relation to the fact in issue as to induce belief in its
existence or non-existence; therefore, collateral matters shall not allowed except
when they tend in any reasonable degree to establish the probability or
improbability of the fact at issue
2.2.9 The Value of Medico legal expertise in Death Investigation Medical experience is
Crucial in death investigations.

It begins with body examination and proof assortment at the scene

and yield through history, physical examination, laboratory check and diagnosis in short, the
broad ingredients of a doctor's treatment of a living patient. The key goal is offer objective
proof of cause, timing, and manner of death for judgment by the criminal justice system. A
knowledge of legal medicine means the ability to acquire facts, the power to arrange those
facts in their logical order, and to draw a conclusion from the facts which may be useful in
the administration of justice. Aside from being a perceptor of fact,he must posses the power
to impart to other verbally or in writing all those he has observed. A physician who
specializes or is involved primarily with medico-legal duties is known as medical jurist,
(medical examiner, medico-legal officer, medico-legal expert). In as much as administration
of justice is primarily a function of the state, physixians whose duties are mainly medico-
legal in nature are mostly in the service of the government. Health officers of law
enforcement agencies and member of the medical staff of accredited hospital are
authorized by law to perform autopsies to assist the administration of justice on matters
which are medico-legal in character. To be involved in medico-legal duties, a physician must
possess sufficient knowledge of pathology, surgery, gynecology, toxicology and such other
branches of medicine germane to the issues involved.
2.2.10 Scientific Evidence in the court room (David H. Kaye).

One of the foremost vital problems facing the system is that the
development of a reputable and objective method to work out that deaths to
analyze, a way to investigate them, what are present thorough investigation, and
the way keep suspicious deaths and homicides from being unnoticed. correct proof
from a death investigation ought to be utilized in court to convict the guilty and
defend the innocent. Evidence is the means, sanctioned by the Rules of Court, of
ascertaining in a judicial proceeding the truth respecting a matter of fact. It is the
species of proof, or probative matter, legally presented at the trial of an issue by
the act of the parties and through the medium of witnesses, records, documents,
concrete object, etc., for the purpose of inducing belief in the mind of the court as
their cotenttion. If the means employed to prove a fact is medical in nature then it
becomes a medical evidence
 7

2.3 RESEARCH PROBLEMS

RESEARCH PROBLEM #1. What is the profile of the group of

respondents?
RESEARCH PROBLEM #2. What are the function/role of a medico-legal
officer in the crime scene processing?
RESEARCH PROBLEM #3. How do the group of respondents perceive
the function/role of a medico-legal officer in crime scene processing?
RESEARCH PROBLEM #4. How effective are medico-legal officer in
crime scene processing as perceived by the group of respondents?
2.4 RESEARCH SIMULACRUM

Crime Scene Medico-legal

Processing Officer
 This diagram shows how a medico-legal officer
conduct an investigative procedures in the crime
scene. That it is the medico-legal officer who can
give the final results of his findings as proof in
identifying the victim’s cause of death.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MEDICO-LEGAL OFFICER `
3.0 Research Method
3.1 Research Design
The Student Researcher use descriptive type of research to describe
situation or events in a certain condition and for gathering data. The
Respondents of our research is a member of SOCO team, Investigation
Branch and Barangay.
3.2 Research Locale
The Survey will be conducted in Valenzuela Headquarters. The Surveyed
respondents will be in their respective work or place and any comfort
placed to conduct a survey. The research will be conducted in the first
semester of the year 2018-2019.
3.3 Population and Sampling

The researcher respondent will be Members of SOCO team, Investigator

Branch and Barangay officer of Valenzuela City. The total number of
respondents is 100 people. The expertise of the respondents is to examine
the cause of death of the victim called autopsy. The age of the respondent
is commonly 35 years old and above.
3.4 Research Ethics
The student researcher will be sending information letter before
conducting the survey questionnaire entitled " The importance of Medico-
legal officer in crime scene processing" The main purpose of the research
is to gathered data and explain to the readers the survey questionnaire.
The respondent has the choice or free will if they want to write their
names on the questionnaire or make it anonymous for confidential of the
respondent.
3.5 Research Instruments

The researchers will use one research instrument in our

study. Survey questionnaire data that will be gathered in the
study will take by administering the questionnaires to the
respondent. The researcher need to use a guide to make sure
that every question area is covered with the proper
instrument of the research furthermore researcher will more
copy of the questionnaire to provide more outcome of the
study research.
3.6 Data Collection
The researcher will prepare a letter of request addressed to the school
Administrator\Dean of the school involved in this study to get permission to distribute
questionnaires to the respondent of this research. When all answered questionnaires will be
retrieved, the researcher will organize the data for analysis and interpretation.

3.7 Data Analysis

The researcher uses two statistical methods for collecting data and to analyze the
problem. The researcher uses statistical tools percentage and weighting adjustment.
Percentage analysis- Is the one way to determine the number of raw of data or collected data
for better understanding
Weighting adjustment is the equal weight of survey of the data gathered.
Frequency a particular data value is the number of times the data value occurs.
Mean implies average and it is the sum of a set of data divided by the number of data.
4.0 RESULTS

Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data

This chapter presents analysis and interpretation of data
gathered through the used of survey questionnaires. Findings
of the study were organized based on the statement of the
problem earlier stated.

Profile of the Respondents is terms of age,gender, Designated

field,Civil Status and Ranks
 1.Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Age of Respondents.

AGE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

20-25 14 14%

25-30 33 33%

30 And Above 53 53%

30 And Above 53 53%

Total 100 100%

 Table 1.1 Shows the frequency distribution of the age
of respondents. In this category, the highest frequency of
the age of respondent is 30 and above with the frequency
of 53 respondent, followed by 25-30 with frequency of 33
respondents and the last frequency distribution of age of
respondent is 20- 25 with the a frequency of 14
respondents.
1.2 Gender

Table 1.2
Freqency distribution of gender of the respondents.
SEX FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Male 62 62%

Female 38 38% 11

Total 100 100%

 Table 1.2 Shows the frequency
distribution of the gender of the respondents.
In this category, the highest frequency
distribution of sex of the respondents is male
with a frequency of 62 respondents while the
frequency of female is 38 respondents.
 1.3 Designated Field

Table 1.3 Frequency distribution of Designated field of the Respondents.

DESIGNATED FIELD FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

MEDICO-LEGAL OFFICER 0 0

SOCO 20 20%

IVESTIGATORS 30 30%

OTHERS 50 50%

TOTAL 100 100%

 Table 1.3 Shows the frequency distribution of the
designated field of the respondent. In this category, the highest
frequency of designated field of respondents is the others or
also known as barangay officials and employee with a frequency
of 50 respondents, followed by investigators branch with
frequency of 30 respondents and last the frequency of
distribution of the designated field is Soco branch with a
frequency of 20 respondents.
 Table 1.4 Shows the frequency distribution
of civil status of the respondents. In this
category the highest frequency distribution of
civil status is married with a frequency of 63
respondents followed by single with the
frequency of 37 respondents
1.5 Rank

Table 1.5 Frequency distribution of ranks of the respondents

RANK FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

POLICE COMMISSIONED OFFICER 7 7%

POLICE NON-COMMISSIONED 43 43%

OFFICER

NON-UNIFORMED PERSONNEL 50 50%

TOTAL 100 100%

Table 1.5
Shows the frequency distribution of the ranks of the
respondents. In this category, the highest frequency
of ranks respondents is the non-uniformed
personnel with a frequency 50 respondents,
followed by the police non-commissioned officer
with a frequency of 43 respondents and last of the
frequency distribution of the ranks is police officer
with a frequency of 7 respondents.
Some functions and description of Medico-Legal officer and their respective
expertise
2.1 Are there enough Medico-legal officer in Valenzuela City?
SCALE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE MEAN

4 15 15% 2.99
15

3 77 77% (Agree)

2 0 0%

1 8 8%

Total 100 100%

 Table 2.1 Shows the frequency distribution of the respondents who
answered the question stated above. The highest frequency distribution of the
respondents’ answered “Agree “ with a frequency of 77 respondents, followed
by the answer “strongly agree” with a frequency of 15 respondents, the
frequency distribution of the respondents who answered “Disagree” has a
frequency of 0 respondents and lastly, the answer “strongly disagree” with a
frequency of 8 respondents. The result of the mean computation shows that
majority of the respondents answered “Agree” to the question stated above.
2.2 Is the training of Medico-legal officers of Valenzuela sufficient to accomplish their Jobs?

SCALE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE MEANS

4 28 28% 3.26

16

3 70 70% (Agree)

2 2 2%

1 0 0%

TOTAL 100 100%

Table 2.2 Shows the frequency distribution of the respondents who answered the
question stated above. The highest frequency distribution of the respondents’
answered “Agree “ with a frequency of 70 respondents, followed by the answer
“strongly agree” with a frequency of 27 respondents, the frequency distribution
of the respondents who answered “Disagree” has a frequency of 3 respondents
and lastly, the answer “strongly disagree” with a frequency of 0 respondents. The
result of the mean computation shows that majority of the respondents answered
“Agree” to the question stated above.
2.3 Is it mandatory to have a medico-legal officer in death investigation?

SCALE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE MEANS

4 75 75% 3.7

3 20 20% (Strongly Agree)

2 5 5%

1 0 0%

TOTAL 100 100%

 Table 2.3 Shows the frequency distribution of the respondents who answered
the question stated above. The highest frequency distribution of the respondents’
answered “Strongly agree “ with a frequency of 75 respondents, followed by the
answer “Agree” with a frequency of 20 respondents, the frequency distribution
of the respondents who answered “Disagree” has a frequency of 5 respondents
and lastly, the answer “strongly disagree” with a frequency of 0 respondents. The
result of the mean computation shows that majority of the respondents answered
“Strongly agree” to the question stated above.
2.4 Can the medico-legal officer competently explain the cause of death of the victim?

SCALE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE MEANS

4 68 68% 3.65

3 29 29% (Strongly Agree)

2 3 3%

1 0 0%

TOTAL 100 100%

 Table 2.4 Shows the frequency distribution of the respondents who answered
the question stated above. The highest frequency distribution of the respondents’
answered “Strongly agree “ with a frequency of 68 respondents, followed by the
answer “Agree” with a frequency of 29 respondents, the frequency distribution
of the respondents who answered “Disagree” has a frequency of 3 respondents
and lastly, the answer “strongly disagree” with a frequency of 0 respondents. The
result of the mean computation shows that majority of the respondents answered
“Strongly agree” to the question stated above.
2.5 Assuming the absence of Medico-legal officer in a crime scene or death investigation,
do the SOCO team have the authority to gave a conclusion or opinion about the cause of death of the victim?

SCALE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE MEANS

4 14 14% 2.68

3 54 54% ( Agree)

2 18 18%

1 14 14%

TOTAL 100 100%

 Table 2.5 Shows the frequency distribution of the respondents who answered
the question stated above. The highest frequency distribution of the respondents’
answered “ Agree “ with a frequency of 54 respondents, followed by the answer
“Disagree” with a frequency of 18 respondents, the frequency distribution of the
respondents who answered “Strongly agree and strongly agree” has a same
frequency of 14 respondents. The result of the mean computation shows that
majority of the respondents answered “Agree” to the question stated above.
2.6 Does the medico-legal officer conduct an autopsy on death investigation?

SCALE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE MEANS

4 51 51% 3.35

3 41 41% (Agree)

2 0 0%

1 8 8%

TOTAL 100 100%

 Table 2.6 Shows the frequency distribution of the respondents who answered
the question stated above. The highest frequency distribution of the respondents’
answered “Strongly agree “ with a frequency of 51 respondents, followed by the
answer “Agree” with a frequency of 41 respondents, the frequency distribution
of the respondents who answered “Strongly disagree” has a frequency of 8
respondents and lastly, the answer “Disagree” with a frequency of 0 respondents.
The result of the mean computation shows that majority of the respondents
answered “Strongly agree” to the question stated above.
2.7 Do the Medico-legal officer help the SOCO team and investigator in death investigation?

SCALE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE MEANS

4 68 68% 3.62

3 29 29% ( Strongly
Agree)
2 0 0%

1 3 3%

TOTAL 100 100%

 Table 2.7 Shows the frequency distribution of the respondents who answered
the question stated above. The highest frequency distribution of the respondents’
answered “Strongly agree “ with a frequency of 68 respondents, followed by the
answer “Agree” with a frequency of 29 respondents, the frequency distribution of
the respondents who answered “Strongly disagree” has a frequency of 3
respondents and lastly, the answer “Disagree” with a frequency of 0 respondents.
The result of the mean computation shows that majority of the respondents
answered “Strongly agree” to the question stated above.
 2.8 Is it necessary for the SOCO team and investigator to have a Medico-Legal officer in conducting death
investigation?

SCALE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE MEANS

4 69 69% 3.66

3 28 28% ( Strongly Agree)

2 3 3%

1 0 0%

TOTAL 100 100%

 Table 2.8 Shows the frequency distribution of the respondents who answered the
question stated above. The highest frequency distribution of the respondents’
answered “Strongly agree “ with a frequency of 69 respondents, followed by the
answer “Agree” with a frequency of 28 respondents, the frequency distribution of
the respondents who answered “Disagree” has a frequency of 3 respondents and
lastly, the answer “Strongly disagree” with a frequency of 0 respondents. The result
of the mean computation shows that majority of the respondents answered
“Strongly agree” to the question stated above.
2.9 Do you believe that medico-legal officer should join in SOCO Team responses in your community?

SCALE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE MEANS

4 66 66% 3.53

3 26 26% ( Strongly Agree)

2 3 3%

1 5 5%

TOTAL 100 100%

 Table 2.9 Shows the frequency distribution of the respondents who answered the
question stated above. The highest frequency distribution of the respondents’
answered “Strongly agree “ with a frequency of 66 respondents, followed by the
answer “Agree” with a frequency of 26 respondents, the frequency distribution of
the respondents who answered “Strongly disagree” has a frequency of 5 respondents
and lastly, the answer “Disagree” with a frequency of 3 respondents. The result of
the mean computation shows that majority of the respondents answered “Strongly
agree” to the question stated above.
3.0 Do you believe that medico-legal officer contribute in solving crime in community?

SCALE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE MEANS

4 65 65% 3.56

3 29 29% ( Strongly Agree)

2 3 3%

1 3 3%

TOTAL 100 100%

 Table 3.0 Shows the frequency distribution of the respondents who
answered the question stated above. The highest frequency distribution of
the respondents’ answered “Strongly agree “ with a frequency of 65
respondents, followed by the answer “Agree” with a frequency of 29
respondents, the frequency distribution of the respondents who answered
“Strongly disagree and Disagree” has a same frequency of 3 respondents.
The result of the mean computation shows that majority of the
respondents answered “Strongly agree” to the question stated above.
3.1 Do you believe that the medico-legal officer is affective as member of SOCO?

SCALE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE MEANS

4 72 72% 3.72

3 28 28% ( Strongly Agree)

2 0 0%

1 0 0%

TOTAL 100 100%

 Table 3.1 Shows the frequency distribution of the respondents who answered the
question stated above. The highest frequency distribution of the respondents’
answered “Strongly agree “ with a frequency of 72 respondents, followed by the
answer “Agree” with a frequency of 28 respondents, the frequency distribution of
the respondents who answered “Strongly disagree and Disagree” has a same
frequency of 0 respondents. The result of the mean computation shows that majority
of the respondents answered “Strongly agree” to the question stated above.
4.1 Demographic Results
Indicators Mean Verbal Interpretation
1. Are there enough Medico-legal 2.99 Agree
officer in Valenzuela City?
2. Is the training of Medico-legal 3.26 Agree
officers of Valenzuela sufficient to
accomplish their Jobs?
3. Is it mandatory to have a medico- 3.7 Strongly agree
legal officer in death investigation?

4. Can the medico-legal officer 3.65 Strongly agree

competently explain the cause of
death of the victim?
5. Assuming the absence of 2.68 Agree
Medico-legal officer in a crime
scene or death investigation, do the
SOCO team have the authority to
gave a conclusion or opinion about
the cause of death of the victim?
6. Does the medico-legal officer 3.35 Agree
conduct an autopsy on death
investigation?
7. Do the Medico-legal officer 3.62 Strongly agree
help the SOCO team and
investigator in death
investigation?
8. Is it necessary for the SOCO 3.66 Strongly agree
team and investigator to have a
Medico-Legal officer in
conducting death investigation?
9. Do you believe that medico- 3.53 Strongly agree
legal officer should join in SOCO
Team responses in your
community?
10. Do you believe that medico- 3.56 Strongly agree
legal officer contribute in solving
crime in community?
11. Do you believe that the 3.72 Strongly agree
medico-legal officer is affective
as member of SOCO?
GWM 3.43 Agree
 4.1 The indicators show the question of the survey questionnaire
answered by the respondents. The total computation of the survey
questionnaire within the eleven question is 3.43. The total verbal
interpretation show the highest answered is “Strongly agree” 7, followed
by “Agree” with the total of answered of 4.
 5.0 DISCUSSION
DISCUSSION,CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

This chapter presents the discussion conclusion and recommendation that

explain the importance of medico-legal in crime scene processing , the
researcher wanted to identify the effectiveness of an medico-legal officer in
solving crime that affect the procedure of investigation. The researcher gathered
a data through the use of survey questionnaire, which answered by the co-Police
officer and barangay official of Valenzuela City. The researcher wanted to know
how these respondents perceived the affect or effect of medico-legal officer in
solving crime.
 DISCUSSION

The researcher use quantitative method measured regarded as

being a means of observation are expressed numerically keeping
in mind to investigate causal relation of medico-legal in solving
crime and crime scene procedure. It has a most important role in
quantitative research to prove the research. It describes and
interprets the effectiveness of an medico-legal officer in their
designated field. A descriptive research conducted in
Valenzuela City Police Station to obtain facts about existing
conditions about the importance of medico-legal in crime scene
processing
Specifically, the study sought answer on the following:
RESEARCH PROBLEM #1. What is the profile of the group of
respondents?
RESEARCH PROBLEM #2. What are the function/role of a medico-legal
officer in the crime scene processing?
RESEARCH PROBLEM #3. How do the group of respondents perceive the
function/role of a medico-legal officer in crime scene processing?
RESEARCH PROBLEM #4. How effective are medico-legal officer in
crime scene processing as perceived by the group of respondents?
 We members made our own research titles then we talked about what of those will be the
best to use for conducting a research. We agreed that our topic will be officer in crime
scene processing and also with the help of our adviser finally our prof approved our topic.
We the 4th year student’s from College of Criminology doing a research entitled “ The
importance of Medico-legal officer in crime scene processing”. The first thing that we
conduct is the research using the book of solis and some references in google. Our
variable discussion came from google and also we rephrase and understand the data that
we gathered. The researcher also create a consent letter for the approval of ethical review
of RDIC after that we proceed to the second step researcher distribute survey
questionnaire to the police headquarters and barangay hall of Valenzuela city. We deeply
analize that the medico-legal officer in Valenzuela City is enough to handle the
investigation with the help of soco team and investigation branch according to the answer
of the respondents on the survey questionnaire. The researcher started with the group
stating their opinions and suggestions about the specific topic. They gave their ideas
regarding to the research. The police officer by the large direct all primer inquiries
identify the offenses influencing the human body.
The medical expert is subject to be called upon to give proof as a medical. Jurish it is considerately prudent
that he should figure out how to take at medico-legitimate stance endless supply of his case as may
cocievebly move toward becoming the topic of legal examination medico-legal should know deliberately
everything or in other words be of medico-legitimate significance, and furthermore know about the way
that restorative proof isn’t substantive one however typically feeling proof, which has incredible
demonstrative esteem, The unwaring quality culmination and master encourage of the forensic medicine
master-encourage arranged the respondent the law enforcement. The researcher discovered that some of
the people said that medico-legal is important in determining DNA samples like rape cases, extortion and
death investigation. In this study in terms of demographic profile 62% of the total respondents are male
and 28% female; majority of the respondents aged 30 and above which drawn 53% of total population it
also shown that in term of civil status most of the respondents are married with 63% respondents according
to our survey in soco team twenty out of twenty said that they all strongly agree also the investigation
officer 30 out 30 said that they are strongly agree and the community or barangay officials 50 out of 50
some of them said agree but others said strongly agree but some of our respondents dind’t agree about the
question in medico-legal with total respondents of 100 the majority of the ranks of the respondents is non-
uniformed personnel followed by police non-commissioned officer and last one is police commissioned
officer. In addition, majority are in the service for 15-20 years which has 53% of the total respondents. The
respondents AGREE are there enough Medico-legal officer in Valenzuela City total weighted mean 2.99
In terms of training of an Medico-legal officers of Valenzuela sufficient to
accomplish their Jobs AGREE which drawn 3.26 total weighted mean. In question
number 3 Is it mandatory to have a medico-legal officer in death investigation most
of the respondent answered STRONGLY AGREE total weighted mean of 3.7. Can
the medico-legal officer competently explain the cause of death of the victim most
answer STRONGLY AGREE which weighted of 3.65. Question number 5 assuming
the absence of Medico-legal officer in a crime scene or death investigation, do the
SOCO team have the authority to gave a conclusion or opinion about the cause of
death of the victim the answer of most of the respondents is AGREE which total
weighted of 2.68. Question number 6 does the medico-legal officer conduct an
autopsy on death investigation many of the respondents answer STRONGLY
AGREE which total weighted of 3.35. Question number 7 do the Medico-legal
officer help the SOCO team and investigator in death investigation most answer of
the respondent is STRONGLY AGREE which total weighted of 3.62
Question number 8 is it necessary for the SOCO team and
investigator to have a Medico-Legal officer in conducting death
investigation most answer of the respondents is STRONGLY AGREE
which weighted of 3.66 Question number 9 do you believe that
medico-legal officer should join in SOCO Team responses in your
community most answer of the respondents is STRONGLY AGREE
which has total weighted of 3.53. Question number 10 do you
believe that medico-legal officer contribute in solving crime in
community most answer of the respondents is STRONGLY AGREE
which weighted of 3.56.Question number 11 the last number do you
believe that the medico-legal officer is affective as member of SOCO
most answer of our respondents is STRONGLY AGREE which total of
3.72
. The overall computation of the question stated above is 3.43.Our study focused on the examination and
procedure of medico-legal and investigation with the help of soco team they can easily detect who is the
perpetrator or the criminal with the use of autopsy to the corpse and also the knowledge of the officers.
Medico-legal officer can testify in the court about the result of the examination related to the crime that why
it’s mandatory to have a medico-legal officer in field of investigation because they have so many contribution
in solving crime as part of the community. We also add that many crime was solve because of the help of our
medico-legal officer all around the Philippines. We expect that the readers will understand easyly about the
nature of crime scene processing with the big role and assistance of the Medico-legal Doctor and some soco
officer. It will be a big help for us in the future if we win succeed in the studies that we are doing. It will make
us and the readers knowledgeable about the medico-legal and some procedure in crime scene processing.
After accomplishing our research, all our sacrifices and hardship we will be worth it if we can use our
experiences that we acquired in this research to our future job if we become police officer someday.
 CONCLUSION

Based on our findings that medico-legal in Valenzuela Police Station are enough to handle
all cases regarding to unexpected death of a person. To determine the cause of death competently
Medico-legal need to have training their designated field to accomplish their jobs even they are
professional they still want to train or to study because Doctor/Medico-legal is continuously
learning system to update them to some new technique to conduct investigation. The presence of
Medico-legal is very mandatory in death investigation because they have the knowledge and
skills to investigate the crime scene with the help of Soco team and investigation branch they can
preserve the crime scene before the medico-legal officer arrived in the scene of the crime. The
researcher found out that the specialty of a medico-legal officer is autopsy and rape cases with
the consent of the family and they can determine who is the perpetrator. The medico-legal
officer can also testify in the court as a expert witness competently and can pin point a person
because they have knowledge and skill that can prove he/she commit the crime.
RECOMMENDATION
Based on the findings, the following are the
recommendations:

1. The government should provide more equipments in terms of medico-legal procedures.

2. The government should appoint more medico-legal officer in Valenzuela City.

3. The medico-legal should have extra pay in conducting autopsy cases and others etc..

4. The medico-legal officer and the victim must have confidentiality to each other.

5. The medico-legal officer must have a hazard pay in testifying on the court room procedure.
END OF OUR PRESENTION
Thank you for listening💓🤟 😎👮♂👏😘👨🎓