A PRESENTATION ON

Project Title FEEDER PROTECTION FROM OVER LOAD AND EARTH

FAULT RELAY USING IOT MODULE

Prepared By
Team member 1 (Roll No)
Team member 2 (Roll No)
Team member 3 (Roll No)

Guided By
Prof. Guide Name

ACADEMIC YEAR-2018-19
 Contents

Introduction
Motivation/ Problem Statement

Literature survey

Proposed Work

Block diagram & System

Expected Result

Applications

Advantages & Disadvantages

References

Project title 2
 Introduction

• A busbar in electrical power distribution refers to thick strips of copper or aluminum

that conduct electricity within a switchboard , distribution board , substation, or other
electrical apparatus.
• In this project bus bar can be protected from the over current condition. Industrial
instruments failures have many causes and one of the main causes is over load.
• The primary of the distribution transformer or any other transformer is designed to
operate at certain specific current, if that current flowing through that instrument is
more than the rated current, then immediately the System may burn because of over
load, through this project we are going to protect the bus bar from over load condition.
• In this project work for generating high current more loads are applied to the circuit; so
that the current will be increased. When ever the over current occurred the circuit will
be tripped.
• To trip the circuit, we are using one relay which will control through our
microcontroller. When over load is occurred relay will trip the total circuit and buzzer
will on to indicate over load.

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3
 Objective & Problem statement

Automatic overload protection systems are used in coordinated protection schemes for overhead line
power distribution circuits.
These circuits are prone to transitory faults such as shorting or overload.
With conventional circuit breaker or fuse, a transient fault would open the breaker or blow the fuse,
disabling the line until a technician could manually close the circuit breaker or replace the blown fuse.
But an automatic overload protection system will make several pre-programmed attempts to re-
energize the line.
If the transient fault has cleared, the automatic overload protection system circuit breaker will remain
closed and normal operation of the power line will resume

Project title 4
 Literature Survey

1) An Efficient Monitoring Of Substations Using Microcontroller Based Monitoring System

Authors:- V. Thiyagarajan & T.G. Palanivel
The paper proposes an innovative design to develop a system based on AVR micro controller that is used
for monitoring the voltage, current and temperature of a distribution transformer in a substation and to
protect the system from the rise in mentioned parameters. Providing the protection to the distribution
transformer can be accomplished by shutting down the entire unit with the aid of the Radio frequency
Communication. Moreover the system displays the same on a PC at the main station which is at a remote
place. Furthermore it is capable of recognizing the break downs caused due to overload, high temperature
and over voltage. The design generally consists of two units, one in the substation unit, called as transmitter
and display unit, and another in the Main station called as controlling unit. The transmitter and the display
units in the substation is where the voltage, current and temperature are monitored continuously by AVR
Project title 5
 Literature Survey
2.Remote Microcontroller Based Monitoring of Substation and Control System through GSM
Modem
AUTHOR:- Dr. Ghous Buksh Narejo, Engr. Shahyan Pervez Bharucha, Engr. Danny Zarir Pohwala
As complexity of distribution network has grown [7], automation of substation has become a need of every
utility company to increase its efficiency and to improve quality of power being delivered [5]. The proposed
project which is GSM cellular network based controlling of substation [5][12] will help the utility
companies, by ensuring that their local-substation faults [8][9][10] are immediately realized and reported to
their concerned departments via GSM, to ensure that duration of power interruption is decreased. The
measured parameters will be sending in the form of SMS messages. The microcontroller will interact with
the sensors installed at the local substation and perform task as commanded [3]. Electrical parameters like
current, voltage will be compared continuously to its rated value [13] will help protect the distribution and
power transformer from burning due to overload, short circuit fault, over voltages and surges. Under such
conditions, entire unit is shut down via the control section comprising of relays sensing it, and immediately
turning the circuit breaker off. SMS alerts can also be generated to indicate this. The use of GSM makes the
substation intelligent [4] in the sense that it is able to transmit alerts and information and receive commands.
This enables to reduce labor cost at substation and saves time. Thus the monitoring and working efficiency
of the sub-station
Project title
will drastically increase. 6
 EXISTING SYSTEM

In existing system the problem is that, when overcurrent occurs at that time
load remains on and gets damage due to overcurrent.
There is no control unit or sensors are used to detect this problem.
Existing system is not able to detect the overload condition or short circuit in
feeder line due to which the chances of damaging load increases.

Project title 7
 PROPOSED WORK
To overcome the problems of existing system , we have proposed an prototype
model which will prove the concept of feeder protection from overload or short
circuit using IOT.
In this system current sensor is used to detect the overload condition or short
circuiting on the feeder lines and immediately take the action to turn of load
automatically through relay using microcontroller and update data over IOT
based on online web server thingspeak, when overload or short circuit detects.

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 BLOCK DIAGRAM

9
Project title 9
 CALCULATION

ACS712 Current Sensor Module:

Supply Voltage: 4.5V ~ 5.5V DC
Measure Current Range: -20A ~ 20A
Sensitivity: 100mV/A

Relay:
SRD-12vDC,
operating voltages like 6V, 9V, 12V, 24V etc.

Project title 10
 HARDWARE REQUIREMENT

• ARDUINO UNO
• CURRENT SENSOR
• RELAY
• BUZZER
• LCD
• IOT MODULE

Project title 11
 ARDUINO UNO

MicrocontrollerATmega328
Operating Voltage5V
Input Voltage (recommended) 7-12V
Input Voltage (limits) 6-20V
Digital I/O Pins 14 (of which 6 provide
PWM output)
Analog Input Pins 6
DC Current per I/O Pin 40 mA
DC Current for 3.3V Pin 50 mA
Flash Memory 32 KB (ATmega328) of
which 0.5 KB used by bootloader S
RAM 2 KB (ATmega328)
EEPROM 1 KB (ATmega328)
Clock Speed 16 MHz

Project title 12
 LCD DISPLAY

SPECIFICATION
Display :- 16 Char* 2 Lines
Controller:-LSI HD44780 IN BUILT
Power Supply :- + 5v Dc
Display Color :-Gray
Weight :- 35g

13
 CURRENT SENSOR

FEATURES
100 mV/A output sensitivity
5.0 V, single supply operation
Output voltage proportional to AC or DC currents
Factory-trimmed for accuracy
Extremely stable output offset voltage
Nearly zero magnetic hysteresis
Ratiometric output from supply voltage
Low-noise analog signal path
Device bandwidth is set via the new FILTER pin
5 µs output rise time in response to step input current
80 kHz bandwidth
Total output error 1.5% at TA = 25°C
Small footprint, low-profile SOIC8 package
1.2 mΩ internal conductor resistance
2.1 kVRMS minimum isolation voltage from pins 1-
4 to pins 5-8

14
 BUZZER

Project title 15
 IOT MODULE(ESP 8266)

Project title 16
 RELAY MODULE

• Features:

• 12VDC SPDT Relay

• Rated up to 10A (@125VAC)

• Fully Sealed

• Can be mounted directly into

breadboard - 300mil spacing!

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 ADVANTAGES

• Efficient and low cost design.

• Low power consumption.
• Real time monitoring.

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 APPLICATIONS

• This project is used for protecting Bus bars in sub stations, generating
stations etc.
• Used for Industrial appliances protection.
• This system can be implemented in industries.
• This system can be used to monitoring and controlling the home
appliances.

Project title 19
 CONCLUSION

In our project we studied design to attain control & monitoring of overload condition of feeder lines by
measuring the temperature of line. In this project we designed a system in such a way that it will monitor
and control the load continuously and that information is send to user mobile number using IOT
technology.

Project title 20
 FUTURE SCOPE

It is almost impossible to have a protection scheme suitable for all situations. It is, therefore, important to
consider some of the situations for which the further study is required. Suggested below are the few areas
which can be further explored to improve the protection schemes in the presence of DG:
1. The Current Transformers (CTs) has not been modeled in all the computer simulations used in the present
work for its saturation detection. Consequently, the design parameters such as the characteristic of CT, knee
point of CT, properties of material used for core and dimension of CT affect the performance of CT. Hence
inclusion of this parameter provides gray areas to be looked into for further research.
2. After modeling the complete radial distribution system in the presence of DG in PSCAD software, a new
directional relaying protection scheme was tested in low voltage laboratory environment. However, definitely,
its validation can be done by real time implementation in the field.
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 REFERENCES

[1] Amit Sachan, “Microcontroller based substation monitoring and control system with
GSM modem” ISSN: 2278-1676 Volume 1, Issue 6 (July-Aug. 2012), PP 13-21
[2] Natalie Matta, Rana Rahim-Amoud, Leila Merghem-Boulahia, Akil Jrad, “A
wireless sensor network for substation monitoring and control in the smart grid” (IEEE)
[3] M. Kezunovic, Y. Guan, M.Ghavami, “New concept and solution for monitoring and
control system for the 21 st century substation” (IEEE)

Project title 22
 THANK YOU

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