EDUCATION-

CONCEPTS
 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
At the end of the session, the student will be able
to:
• State the meaning of education
• Define education according to different authors
• Explain the nature of education
• Elaborate the aims of education
• List down the functions of education
• Identify the types of education
• State the principles of education
• "I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only
make them think.“
(Aristotle)
 INTRODUCTION
• Education is a systematic process through
which a child or an adult acquires knowledge,
experience, skill and sound attitude.
• It makes an individual civilized, refined,
cultured and educated. Its goal is to make an
individual perfect. It is the key to solve the
various problems of life.
 Concept of education
• The word ‘Education’ has been derived from
different Latin words.
a) ‘educare’ which means ‘to bring out’ or ‘to
nourish’.
b) ‘educere’ which means ‘to lead out’ or ‘to
draw out’.
c) ‘educatum’ which means ‘act of teaching’
or ‘training’.
d) ‘educatus’ which means ‘to bring up, rear,
educate’.
Pedagogy: pedo- child: logos- discussion
Science of instruction for the purpose of leading the pupils.
 MEANING
• Narrow sense: education stands for deliberate
instruction or training provided to the child by
the society through its institutions during a
particular time in order to modify his behavior
• Broad sense: education refers to any act or
experience that is intended to modify his
behavior.
• Education is a product of experience
• Dynamic complex process
 MEANING
• The most common Indian word ‘shiksha’ is
derived from the Sanskrit verbal root ‘shas’
which means ‘to discipline’, ‘to control’, ‘to
instruct’ and ‘to teach’.
• Similarly the word ‘vidya’ is derived from
• Sanskrit verbal root ‘vid’ which means ‘to
know’. Vidya is thus the subject matter of
knowledge
 DEFINITION
• Mahatma Gandhi – “By education I mean an
all-round drawing out of the best in man –
body, mind and spirit.”
 DEFINITION
• Rabindranath Tagore – “Education enables
the mind to find out the ultimate truth, which
gives us the wealth of inner light and love and
gives significance to life.”
 DEFINITION

• Dr. Zakir Husain – “Education is the process

of the individual mind, getting to its full
possible development.”
 DEFINITION
• Swami Vivekananda – “Education is the
manifestation of divine perfection already
existing in man.”
 DEFINITION
• Aristotle - “Education is the creation of sound
mind in a sound body.”
 DEFINITION
• Rousseau - “Education is the child’s
development from within.”
 DEFINITION
• Herbert Spencer- “Education is complete
living.”
 DEFINITION
• Plato – “Education is the capacity to feel
pleasure and pain at the right moment.”
 DEFINITION
• Pestalozzi – “Education is natural, harmonious
and progressive development of man’s innate
powers.”
 DEFINITION
• Froebel -“Education is enfoldment of what is
already enfolded in the germ.”
 DEFINITION
• T.P. Nunn - “Education is the complete
development of the individuality of the child.”
 DEFINITION
• John Dewey – “Education is the process of
living through a continuous reconstruction of
experiences.”
 DEFINITION
• Indira Gandhi – “Education is a liberating
force and in our age it is also a democratizing
force, cutting across the barriers of caste and
class, smoothing out inequalities imposed by
birth and other circumstances.”
 NATURE OF EDUCATION

Education is a life-long process

Education is a continuous and lifelong process. It
starts from the womb of the mother and
continues till death. It is the process of
development from infancy to maturity. It
includes the effect of everything which
influences human personality.
 Education is a systematic process-
It refers to transact its activities through a
systematic institution and regulation.
Education is development of individual and the
society
• It is called a force for social development,
which brings improvement in every aspect in
the society.
• Education is modification of behaviour-
• Human behaviour is modified and improved
through educational process.
Education is purposive:
Every individual has some goal in his life.
Education contributes in attainment of that
goal.
There is a definite purpose underlined all
educational activities.
Education is a training-
• Human senses, mind, behaviour, activities;
skills are trained in a constructive and socially
desirable way.
Education is instruction and direction-

It directs and instructs an individual to fulfill his

desires and needs for exaltation of his whole
personality.
Education is life-
• Life without education is meaningless and like
the life of a beast.
• Every aspect and incident needs education for
its sound development.
• Education is continuous reconstruction of our
experiences-
As per the definition of John Dewey education
reconstructs and remodels our experiences
towards socially desirable way.
Education helps in individual adjustment:
• A man is a social being. If he is not able to adjust
himself in different aspects of life his personality can’t
remain balanced.
• Through the medium of education he learns to adjust
himself with the friends, class fellows, parents, relations,
neighbors and teachers etc.
Education is balanced development:
• Education is concerned with the development
of all faculties of the child.
• it performs the functions of the physical, mental,
aesthetic, moral, economic, spiritual development of
the individual so that the individual may get rid of
his animal instincts by sublimating the same so that
he becomes a civilized person.
Education is a dynamic process:
• Education is not a static but a dynamic process
which develops the child according to
changing situations and times.
• It always induces the individual towards
progress.
• It reconstructs the society according to the
changing needs of the time and place of the
society.
Education is a bipolar process:
• According to Adams, education is a bipolar
process in which one personality acts on
another to modify the development of other
person.
• The process is not only conscious but
deliberate.
• Education is a three dimensional process:
• John Dewey has rightly remarked, “All education
proceeds by participation of the individual in
the social consciousness of the race.”
• Thus it is the society which will determine the
aims, contents and methods of teachings.
• In this way the process of education consists of 3
poles –the teacher, the child and the society.
Education as growth:
• The end of growth is more growth and the
end of education is more education.
• According to John Dewey, “an individual is a
changing and growing personality.”
• The purpose of education is to facilitate the
process of his/her growth
 AIMS OF EDUCATION
• Direction for the educative process
• Stands for the goals, targets or broader
purposes that may be fulfilled through the
process of education
 Factors determining educational aim
• Philosophy of life
• Elements of human nature
• Religious factors
• Political ideologies
• Socioeconomic factors and problems
• Cultural factors
• Knowledge explosion
• Scientific and technological advancements
 Aims of Education
1. Utilitarian aim-
• Is concerned with providing knowledge and
skill required by the child for leading his day to
day life.
• Makes educative process a purposeful one
• Children should be motivated to think and
answer the why, what, how and when of their
each learning activity
2. Education for vocation/ vocational aim
• Education should prepare the child to earn his
livelihood so that he can lead a productive life
in the society
• Inculcate the values of dignity of labor and
respect to the labor
3. Social aim
• Child should be assisted to develop as a productive
member of the society irrespective of the socioeconomic
status
• Educationist should help learners to develop a healthy,
purposeful, productive, exploratory and controlling
adjustment with the environment
• Education ensure the effective functioning of society by
balancing and counterbalancing various social forces and
thus safeguard the peaceful existence of society.
• Equip the learners to harness the social
resources in an eco friendly and people
friendly manner
• Education instill a sense of obligation and
loyalty towards the community and its needs
• Education gives direction to the development
of the society
4. Intellectual aim
• Intelligence is essential for acquiring
knowledge, thinking, reasoning, judgment and
generalization
• Education provides enough opportunities to
develop the innate intellectual capacity of the
students
• Enable the child to live an independent life
with confidence.
5. Citizenship
• Education helps the children to grow as
productive citizens by following the social and
moral standards set by the society.
6. Physical health and social wellbeing
• Education prepare the child to lead a healthy
life through providing knowledge required for
healthy living and helping him to develop a
positive attitude towards health
7. Character development
• According to Mahatma Gandhi, the end of all
knowledge must be the building up of
character
• Education assists the child to develop certain
human values, attitudes and habits which are
essential for building a desirable character
8. Moral development
Moral values like honesty, truthfulness, justice,
goodness, purity, courage, reverence,
dutifulness, punctuality, self-confidence,
discrimination between good and bad,
observation of rules etc are inculcated
through education.
9. Cultural development
• Child becomes cultured and civilized through
education
• Manifested through the development of an
esthetic sense and respect for others’ culture
10. Education for leisure
• Time spent for enjoyment and recreation.
• Important role in recharging our depleted
energy levels
• Should be utilized in a way that the individual
and society benefit from it
11. Self realization
• “what we are is God’s gift to us and what
we become is our gift to God.”
• Self-realization helps the child to realize his
strengths, weakness, opportunities and
threats so that they can exert a good control
over his life by strengthening the weakness
12. Mental and emotional development
• Good mental health is a must to cope with the
changing life style and societal needs
• Education should give adequate opportunities
for mental and emotional development
• Relation between IQ and EQ
• Emotional development is a must for leading a
happy and contended life
13. Autonomous development
• Percy Nunn believes that main aim of education
is autonomous development of individual
• Total or all- round development enables the child
to adjust with the life situations and include
development of personality, character,
leadership, mental health, physique and
intelligence
• needs formal education and activity oriented
education
14. Self education aim
• As education is a lifelong process, learners should
take a proactive role
• Education has to properly harness the natural
curiosity and urge present in the child while
imparting knowledge
• Teachers should make sure that students are
learning as a result of the internal motivation
rather than a reaction to the compulsion exerted
by others
15. International understanding
• Education is a universal process and it helps in
creating universal process and understanding
• The progress we achieved in the field of
education is the result of combined efforts of the
people from different countries.
• Man- made boundaries cannot check the free
flow of information especially when the world is
reduced to a global village due to advancements
in information technology.
16. Harmonious development
• Overall aim of education is to ensure
harmonious development through the
achievement of all other aims
• Will enable the child to deal effectively with
the problems and uncertainties of life
 Aims of education as stated by
Secondary Education- Mudaliar
Commission 1952-53
• Development of democratic citizenship
• Improvement of vocational efficiency
• Development of personality
• Development of leadership qualities
• Initiating students into the art of living
Aims of education as stated by Kothari
Commission report 1966
• Four-fold aim
• Increasing productivity
• Achieving national and social integration
• Accelerating the process of modernization
• Cultivating social , moral and spiritual values
 Functions of education
1. Towards an individual
• Growth and development of an individual
• Direction and guidance
• Preparation for adult life
• Conservation of traditional knowledge
• Transmission of culture
• Progressive development
• Develop vocational efficiency
• Achievement of self-sufficiency
• Holistic personality development
• Moral and character development
• Creating awareness of past and present and
preparing for future
 Functions of education
2. Towards the nation
• Ensuring national development
• Promoting national integrity
• Continuous supply of skilled workforce to the
nation
• Develop leaders for the nation
 Functions of education
3. Towards the society
• Improving social efficiency
• Civilization and cultural security
• Preparing good citizens
• Reform and progress of society
 Functions of education- general
• To complete the socialization process
• To transmit the cultural heritage
• Formation of social personality
• Reformation of attitude
• Education for occupational placement- an
instrument of livelihood
• Conferring of status
• Education encourages the spirit of competition
• Education trains in skills that are required by the
economy
• Fosters participant democracy
• Education imparts values
• Education act as an integrative force
• Provide values and orientation specific to certain
professions
Types of education
 PRINCIPLES OF EDUCATION
• Education is a continuous reorganization and
integration of activities
• As the child is active in nature, he or she
should be provided with rich and creative
activities so that the learning experiences
become manifold.
• Education is both conservative and
progressive
• Education is a psychological and sociological
process
• Education is a process of self-realization
• All experience is said to be educative
• Education must be a lifelong process
 PRINCIPLES OF EDUCATION
• Four fundamental principles for reshaping
education are identified by United Nations
Educational Scientific and Cultural
Organization(UNESCO) International
Commission on Education for the 21st century
• They are the four pillars of learning
Learning to Learning to
know do

Learning to Learning to
be live together
 Learning to know
• Education must provide appropriate and
adequate foundation for future learning
 Learning to do
• Education should provide the essential skills to
individuals that enable them to participate
effectively in the global and National economy
and society
 Learning to be
• Education should provide self analytical and
social skills to develop on all round complete
person with the fullest potential
 Learning to live together
• The educational experiences should expose
the individuals to values implicit within human
rights, democratic principles, international
understanding, respect and peace at all levels
of societies and human relationships
 PRINCIPLES
• Education is pervasive
• Education is goal oriented
• Education is continuous process
• Education is modification of behavior
• Education is flexible
• Education is for all age groups
• Education is a group activity
• Education is a social process
• Education is dynamic
• Education is a science and art
• Education is multidisciplinary
 References
• B.Sankaranarayanan,B.Sindhu Learning and
Teaching in Nursing, jaypee Brothers NewDelhi
• J.C Aggarwal ,Essentials of Educational
technology,Innovations inTeaching and
Learning ,Vikas Publishing House, Delhi
• Ezhilarasu P, Educational technology, Wolters
Kluwer:2017
• Sharma SK, Sharma R. Communication and
education technology in nursing : Elsevier