EFFECTIVENESS OF INFORMATION EDUCATION AND

COMMUNICATION PACKAGE ON PREVENTION OF

INFERTILITY AMONG ADOLESCENT GIRLS IN SELECTED
COLLEGES
BANGALORE.

By
JENCY DALPHY
Dissertation Submitted to the
Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka.
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
Master of Science
In
OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGICAL NURSING

Under the guidance of

Assistant Prof. P. Packia Anna Priscilla
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecological Nursing
SARVODAYA COLLEGE OF NURSING
Bangalore- 560079.
July 2017
 ABSTRACT
 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:

“A Study To Assess The Effectiveness Of Information Education And Communication

Package On Prevention Of Infertility Among Adolescent Girls In Selected Colleges,
Bangalore.”
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Infertility is a world –wide problem affecting people of all communities, though the
causes and magnitude may vary with geographical location and socio – economic status.
For adolescent girls, it is important to know about fertility, infertility and its prevention.
They are the future mothers who need to know how to prevent infertility by possible means.
Therefore the study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of information education and
communication package on prevention of infertility among adolescent girls in selected
colleges, Bangalore and to associate it with the selected demographic variables.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
 To assess the pre and post test knowledge regarding prevention of infertility
among adolescent in selected colleges, Bangalore.
 To evaluate the effectiveness of information education communication
package on prevention of infertility.
 To determine the association between post-test knowledge on infertility in
selected variables of adolescent girl.

HYPOTHESES OF THE STUDY

 H1-There is a significant improvement in knowledge of adolescent girls

regarding prevention of infertility after administering information education

and communication package

 H2-There is a significant association between knowledge scores and selected

socio demographic variables.

METHODS:

The data was generated by using a Quasi experimental Research design and
Quantitative approach was used to evaluate the effectiveness of
information education and communication package on prevention of
infertility among adolescent girls in selected colleges, Bangalore.

A convenient sampling technique was used to select subjects .The sample

consisted of 100 adolescent girls.

Data was collected using structured knowledge questionnaire, .Data was

analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics.
RESULT:
The study found that overall pre-test knowledge among adolescent girls, majority 70% of

adolescent girls had inadequate knowledge regarding prevention of infertility, 30%had

moderate knowledge and none had adequate knowledge .whereas in the overall post-test

knowledge score, none of the adolescent girls had inadequate knowledge, 31%had moderate
knowledge and 69% of the adolescent girls had adequate knowledge

The overall mean knowledge level obtained by adolescent girls following information
education and communication package was 28.29 in post-test which was found to be higher

than the overall mean knowledge level 13.82 in the post-test .The statistical test indicated
that information education and communication package was effective in improving

knowledge of adolescent girls regarding prevention of infertility .It was found to be

statistically significant at the level of p<0.05.There was a statistically association between
pre-test knowledge and selected variable with respect to menstrual cycle, discomforts during

menstruation, exercise regimen ,type of exercise, dietary pattern and body built .And alsoH2
was rejected for age group ,year of study and source of information.
 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION

The study findings revealed that the majority of

the adolescent girls gained knowledge after
information education and communication
package .Thus the study concluded that the
information education and communication
package on prevention of infertility was effective
in improving the knowledge of adolescent girls.
It insist the importance of educating the
adolescent girls regarding prevention of
infertility, to improve their knowledge.
INTRODUCTION
“The jewel of the sky is the sun; the jewel of the house is the child’
•Chinese saying
The moment a child is born, the mother is also born. She never existed before.
The woman existed, but the mother, never. A mother is something new. Having a
baby is one of the most magical movements in life. 1
Fertility is highly valued in most cultures and the wish for a child is one of the
most basic of all human motivations. For women, pregnancy and motherhood are
developmental milestones that are highly emphasized by our culture. When
attempts to have, a child fail, it can be an emotionally devastating experience. 2

Infertility is “a disease of the reproductive system defined by the

failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular
unprotected sexual intercourse.” (WHO). 3
NEED FOR THE STUDY

“Prevention is better than cure”

Infertility is medically defined as a lack of conception following at least one year of

unprotected sexual intercourse (WHO, 2009). The term ‘subfertility’ is often preferred
to describe any form of reduced fertility that results in a prolonged or unwanted lack of
conception (Gnoth et al., 2005).

Infertility is a world –wide problem affecting people of all communities, though the
causes and magnitude may vary with geographical location and socio – economic
status. Approximately 8-10% of couples within the reproductive age group are facing
infertility .It is estimated that globally 60-80 million couples suffer from infertility
every year, of which 15-20 million are in India alone. The magnitude of the problem
call for urgent action, particularly when the majority causes of infertility is avoidable. 14
CONCEPTUAL FRAME WORK
A conceptual model provides for logical thinking, systematic and interpreting the observed data. The
investigator uses Berttelanfy’s Open System Theory Model to illustrate the major components. The
modified Open System Theory Model illustrate the effectiveness of information education and
communication package on prevention of infertility among adolescent girls by using different factors
which are related to the study.

This study aims at assessing the effectiveness information education and communication package on
prevention of infertility among adolescent girls.

General information:
1. General information are the processes or behavior patterns that a person uses for self –control.
2. Can be inherited or learned.
3. Must act effectively together to maintain the integrity of the person in improving knowledge.
4.Employ a feedback cycle of input, throughput and output.
General information of my study includes;
This study has used “Open System Model” to illustrate the major influences of factors related to
information education and communication package on prevention of infertility among adolescent girls.
The Model has described how selected factors influence to express the effectiveness information
education and communication package on prevention of infertility among adolescent girls.
The model consist of input, throughput and output.
Input
As per my study the input refers to the personal characteristics of the subjects
Which includes age group , year of study ,age at menarche ,menstrual cycle, discomforts
during menstruation ,exercise regimen ,type of exercise ,dietary pattern ,body built ,previous
source of information .
Throughput:
In this study, the researcher assessed the knowledge of adolescent girls on infertility
and its prevention and trained them to learn information education and communication
package on prevention of infertility.
Throughput includes the Pertest on first day following which the intervention of
information education and communication package on prevention of Infertility on the same
day, The post test to carry out on the seventh day by assessing the knowledge of adolescent
girls with the same tool executed.
 Output:

Output is the outcome of the system; when the system is a person, output refers
to the
person’s behaviour. In Open System Model output is categorized as learned and
changed
responses. Adaptive responses are used when a person demonstrates behaviour
that achieve
the goals of survival, growth, reproduction and mastery. These responses or
output provide
feedback for the system.
In this study, the output showed increased knowledge among adolescent girls on
infertility and its prevention with provided material of information education and
communication package on prevention of infertility.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE

The review of literature is defined as a broad, comprehensive, in depth, systematic

and critical review of scholarly publications, unpublished scholarly print materials,
audio visual materials and personal communications.

Researcher almost never conducted a study in an intellectual vacuum: their studies

are under taken within the context of existing knowledge base.

The review of literature is organized and presented in the following sub-headings:

 Literature relate to incidence of infertility

 Literature related to Causes of infertility

 Literature related to Knowledge of adolescent regarding prevention of infertility.

 Literature related to teaching strategy regarding knowledge on infertility.

 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The methodology of research indicates the general pattern of organizing the procedure of
gathering valid and reliable data for the problem under investigation.

Figure: 2. Schematic Representation of Research Design

Purpose
To evaluate the effectiveness of information education and
communication package on prevention of infertility among
adolescent girls

Research Approach
Quantitative Approach

Research Design
Pre Experimental Design

Setting
Sarvodaya PU College Bangalore
 Sample &
Sample size
100 Adolescent Target Population
girls from Sampling
100 adolescent girls between 16-18 years
Sarvodaya PU technique
College,
Bangalore who purposive
fulfills the sampling
inclusion Data Collection Instrument
criteria Self Structured Knowledge Questionnaire

Data Analysis
By Applying Descriptive and inferential
statistics

Findings and Conclusion

Variables under study:

Variable is “An attribute of the person or object that varies, that is taken on different values”
(Polit&Hungler)

Independent Variable: Information education and communication package on prevention of infertility.

Dependent Variables: knowledge regarding prevention of infertility among adolescent girls.

Demographic variables: age group , year of study ,age at menarche ,menstrual cycle,

discomforts during menstruation ,exercise regimen ,type of exercise ,dietary pattern ,body

built ,previous source of information .

Setting of the study:Research setting is the specific place where the data collection occurs. The
present study was undertaken in Sarvodaya PU college Dasarahalli, Bangalore, due to the
geographical proximity, feasibility of the study and availability of the samples and
permission.

.
Population:

The term population refers to the aggregate or totality of those conforming to a set of

specifications. The population of present study comprises of adolescent

girlsbetween16 years

– 18 years studying in Sarvodaya PU College Bangalore

Sample and sample size:Sample refers to the subset of population that is selected to
participate in a particular study. In the present study, sample
consistedof100adolescent girls, between 16years to 18years of age studying at
Sarvodaya PU College Bangalore, who fulfilled the inclusion criteria for the study.

Sampling technique:

Purposive sampling entails using the most conveniently available people as study

participants. Because of limited time and availability of sample, convenient sampling

technique was found to be appropriate to select the sample.

Sampling Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:
 Adolescent girls who are between the age 16 years -18 years
 Adolescent girls who are willing to participate in study
 Adolescent girls who are available at the time of data collection
Exclusion Criteria:
 Adolescent girls who are already attended any awareness programme
regarding
prevention of infertility
 Adolescent girls who are sick or on leave during data collection
Data Collection process
Data collection tools are the instruments used by the researcher to
observe or measure the key variables in the research problem. The
data was obtained using self-administered structured questionnaire.
Description of tool:
The tool in the present study consists of two sections.
Section-A
Demographic data

This section of tool consist of age group , year of study ,age at menarche ,menstrual cycle,

discomforts during menstruation ,exercise regimen ,type of exercise ,dietary pattern ,body

built ,previous source of information .

Section –B

Self Structured Knowledge Questionnaire:

It consists of 35 questions which are related Infertility and its Prevention. Each question

has 4options, the correct response carries 1 score and the incorrect response carries 0 score.

The resulting scores were arranged as follows.

Assessment of Knowledge level of samples on structured questionnaire

. >75% Adequate knowledge

51-75% Moderate Knowledge

<50%Inadequate Knowledge

Total score= 100.

Testing of the Tool

Content Validity

The content validity refers to an instrument measures what it is supposed to measure (Polit and Hungler).

The criteria for content validity include:

Relevant.

Not relevant.

Needs modification.

The prepared questionnaire along with the objectives, operational definition, scoring key and criteria checklist for
validation was submitted to seven experts including one doctor, six professors from mental health department and
one statistician to establish content validity. Suggestions and corrections were taken and final valid tools were
prepared.

Reliability of the Tool

Reliability of an instrument is the degree of consistency with which it measures the
attributes it is supposed to measure. The reliability of the tool was found by using Karl
Pearson’s Coefficient formulae by using split half method and the reliability of the tool was
found to be 0.96. Hence the tool was found highly reliable..
Pilot Study

Pilot study is a small version or trial study, run in preparation for a major study (Polit

and Hungler).

Pilot study was conducted in Rahanashree English school College, from 16-01-2017 to

20- 01-2017. The investigator obtained prior permission from Principal of the college. The

topic and purpose of the study was explained and confidentiality was assured to each subjects.

10 subjects were selected by purposive sampling and the data was collected with the help of

tool. Data analysis was done by using descriptive and inferential statistics.

After the pilot study, the tool and information booklet was found feasible and reliable

to carry out the main study. At the end of the study the participants were thanked for their

Cooperation

Data collection process

Data collection is the process of gathering required information by the investigator for a research
problem. The data collection was done for 4 weeks in Sarvodaya Pu College, Bangalore. The
period of data collection was from 25/01/17 to 24/02/17.
 RESULTS
Organization of the findings
The data was organized, analyzed and presented under the following sections:
SECTION A
This section deals with frequency and percentage of demographic variables
SECTION B
Pre-test and post-test assessment of adolescents regarding prevention of infertility
SECTION C
Comparison of pre-test and post-test knowledge scores of adolescent girls regarding
prevention of infertility
SECTION D
Effectiveness of Information education and communication package regarding
prevention of
infertility
SECTION D
Effectiveness of information education and communication package on prevention of
infertility among adolescent girls.
 CONCLUSION

This chapter presents the conclusion drawn implications, limitations, suggestions and recommendations. The focus of this

study was evaluate the effectiveness of information education communication package on prevention of infertility among

adolescent in selected colleges at Bangalore

OBJECTIVES OF THE OF THE STUDY

To assess the pre and post test knowledge regarding prevention of infertility among adolescent in selected colleges,

Bangalore.

To evaluate the effectiveness of information education communication package on prevention of infertility.

To determine the association between post-test knowledge on infertility in selected variables of adolescent girl.

Evaluative approach and Quasi Experimental design was used in the study. The data was collected from 100 respondents

through purposive sampling technique. Further the conclusion was drawn on the basis of the findings of the study.

Implications of the study:

The findings of the study have implications in the following areas:

Nursing education

Nursing practice

Nursing research.

Nursing administration
THANK YOU