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    A F B F DX X F: 4.4 The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus

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    Noli Noga
    The document summarizes key concepts from calculus including: 1) The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus which relates the indefinite integral of a function to the definite integral and allows one to compute definite integrals using antiderivatives. 2) Examples of computing definite integrals using the Fundamental Theorem including integrals involving absolute value. 3) The Mean Value Theorem for Integrals which guarantees the existence of a number where the average value of a function on an interval equals its value at that number. 4) Computing average values of functions on intervals using integrals. 5) The Second Fundamental Theorem of Calculus which relates the derivative of a definite integral to the integrand.

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    A F B F DX X F: 4.4 The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus

    Uploaded by

    Noli Noga
    9 views9 pages
    The document summarizes key concepts from calculus including: 1) The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus which relates the indefinite integral of a function to the definite integral and allows one to compute definite integrals using antiderivatives. 2) Examples of computing definite integrals using the Fundamental Theorem including integrals involving absolute value. 3) The Mean Value Theorem for Integrals which guarantees the existence of a number where the average value of a function on an interval equals its value at that number. 4) Computing average values of functions on intervals using integrals. 5) The Second Fundamental Theorem of Calculus which relates the derivative of a definite integral to the integrand.

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    calculus

    Original Title

    1-4.4 Calc

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    The document summarizes key concepts from calculus including: 1) The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus which relates the indefinite integral of a function to the definite integral and allows one to compute definite integrals using antiderivatives. 2) Examples of computing definite integrals using the Fundamental Theorem including integrals involving absolute value. 3) The Mean Value Theorem for Integrals which guarantees the existence of a number where the average value of a function on an interval equals its value at that number. 4) Computing average values of functions on intervals using integrals. 5) The Second Fundamental Theorem of Calculus which relates the derivative of a definite integral to the integrand.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    9 views9 pages

    A F B F DX X F: 4.4 The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus

    Uploaded by

    Noli Noga
    The document summarizes key concepts from calculus including: 1) The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus which relates the indefinite integral of a function to the definite integral and allows one to compute definite integrals using antiderivatives. 2) Examples of computing definite integrals using the Fundamental Theorem including integrals involving absolute value. 3) The Mean Value Theorem for Integrals which guarantees the existence of a number where the average value of a function on an interval equals its value at that number. 4) Computing average values of functions on intervals using integrals. 5) The Second Fundamental Theorem of Calculus which relates the derivative of a definite integral to the integrand.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 9

    4.

    4
    The Fundamental
    Theorem of Calculus

    If a function is continuous on the closed interval [a, b],


    then b

     f ( x)dx  F (b)  F (a)


    a
    where F is any function that F’(x) = f(x)  x in [a, b].

    
    Examples

    2
    8  1 
    2
    x 3
     2
     ( x  3)dx   3x    6     3  
    2

    1
    3  1  3   3  3
    4
    2 
    4 3

    4
    2 3 x
     3 x dx  3 x dx    16  2  14
    12
    3 
    1 1 1

    4

     tan x 0 
     4
    sec 2
    xdx  1–0=1
    0
    Integration with Absolute Value

     2 x 1dx 
    0

    We need to rewrite the integral 1


    into two parts. 2

    12 2

     2x 1 dx   2x 1 dx


    0 12

     x  x   x  x 
    2 12 2 2

    0 12

     1 1 1 1 5
          (0  0)  (4  2)     
     4 2 4 2 2
    Ex. Find the area of the region bounded by y = 2x2 – 3x + 2,
    the x-axis, x = 0, and x = 2.

    2
    A  2x 2
     3x  2 dx
    0
    2
    3
    2 x 3x  2
       2 x
    3 2 0

    16 10
     64 
    3 3
    The Mean Value Theorem for Integrals

    If f is continuous on [a, b], then  a number c in the


    open interval (a, b) 
    b
    rectangle area is equal
     f ( x)dx  f (c)(b  a)
    a
    to actual area under curve.

    a b a b a b
    inscribed rectangle Mean Value rect. Circumscribed Rect
    Find the value c guaranteed by the Mean Value Theorem for
    Integrals for the function f(x) = x3 over [0, 2].
    b

     f ( x)dx  f (c)(b  a)
    a
    2
    2 x 
    4

     4
     x dx  f (c)(2  0)
    3
    4 0
    0
    4 = 2c3 8

    c3 = 2
    c  2  1.2599
    3
    2
    Average Value

    If f is continuous on [a, b], then the average value of


    f on this interval is given by
    b
    1
    f (c )  
    ba a
    f ( x)dx

    Find the average value of f(x) = 3x2 – 2x on [1, 4].


    4
    1
      2 x)dx
    2 40
    (3 x
    4 1 1

     x  x 1
    1 3 2 4

    3 16

     64  16  (1  1)
    1 Ave. = 16
    (1,1)
    3
     16
    The Second Fundamental Theorem
    of Calculus

    If f is continuous on an open interval I containing a, then


    for every x in the interval

    d  x

      f (t )dt   f ( x)
    dx  a 
    Ex. Apply the Second Fund. Thm. of Calculus
    x
    d
      1 dt  x2 1
    2
    t
    dx  2
    0 x
    d du d du 1

    dx x 1  u 2
     
    dx 0 1  u 2 
    1 x2
    x3
    Find the derivative of F(x) =  cos t dt
     2

    Apply the second Fundamental Theorem of Calculus


    with the Chain Rule.
    
     cos x 3 3x 2 

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