Scribd
Upload
16 views

A F B F DX X F: 4.4 The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus

The document summarizes key concepts from calculus including: 1) The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus which relates the indefinite integral of a function to the definite integral and allows one to compute definite integrals using antiderivatives. 2) Examples of computing definite integrals using the Fundamental Theorem including integrals involving absolute value. 3) The Mean Value Theorem for Integrals which guarantees the existence of a number where the average value of a function on an interval equals its value at that number. 4) Computing average values of functions on intervals using integrals. 5) The Second Fundamental Theorem of Calculus which relates the derivative of a definite integral to the integrand.

Uploaded by

Noli Noga
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
16 views

A F B F DX X F: 4.4 The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus

The document summarizes key concepts from calculus including: 1) The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus which relates the indefinite integral of a function to the definite integral and allows one to compute definite integrals using antiderivatives. 2) Examples of computing definite integrals using the Fundamental Theorem including integrals involving absolute value. 3) The Mean Value Theorem for Integrals which guarantees the existence of a number where the average value of a function on an interval equals its value at that number. 4) Computing average values of functions on intervals using integrals. 5) The Second Fundamental Theorem of Calculus which relates the derivative of a definite integral to the integrand.

Uploaded by

Noli Noga
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 9

4.

4
The Fundamental
Theorem of Calculus

If a function is continuous on the closed interval [a, b],


then b

 f ( x)dx  F (b)  F (a)


a
where F is any function that F’(x) = f(x)  x in [a, b].


Examples

2
8  1 
2
x 3
 2
 ( x  3)dx   3x    6     3  
2

1
3  1  3   3  3
4
2 
4 3

4
2 3 x
 3 x dx  3 x dx    16  2  14
12
3 
1 1 1

4

 tan x 0 
 4
sec 2
xdx  1–0=1
0
Integration with Absolute Value

 2 x 1dx 
0

We need to rewrite the integral 1


into two parts. 2

12 2

 2x 1 dx   2x 1 dx


0 12

 x  x   x  x 
2 12 2 2

0 12

 1 1 1 1 5
      (0  0)  (4  2)     
 4 2 4 2 2
Ex. Find the area of the region bounded by y = 2x2 – 3x + 2,
the x-axis, x = 0, and x = 2.

2
A  2x 2
 3x  2 dx
0
2
3
2 x 3x  2
   2 x
3 2 0

16 10
 64 
3 3
The Mean Value Theorem for Integrals

If f is continuous on [a, b], then  a number c in the


open interval (a, b) 
b
rectangle area is equal
 f ( x)dx  f (c)(b  a)
a
to actual area under curve.

a b a b a b
inscribed rectangle Mean Value rect. Circumscribed Rect
Find the value c guaranteed by the Mean Value Theorem for
Integrals for the function f(x) = x3 over [0, 2].
b

 f ( x)dx  f (c)(b  a)
a
2
2 x 
4

 4
 x dx  f (c)(2  0)
3
4 0
0
4 = 2c3 8

c3 = 2
c  2  1.2599
3
2
Average Value

If f is continuous on [a, b], then the average value of


f on this interval is given by
b
1
f (c )  
ba a
f ( x)dx

Find the average value of f(x) = 3x2 – 2x on [1, 4].


4
1
  2 x)dx
2 40
(3 x
4 1 1

 x  x 1
1 3 2 4

3 16

 64  16  (1  1)
1 Ave. = 16
(1,1)
3
 16
The Second Fundamental Theorem
of Calculus

If f is continuous on an open interval I containing a, then


for every x in the interval

d  x

  f (t )dt   f ( x)
dx  a 
Ex. Apply the Second Fund. Thm. of Calculus
x
d
  1 dt  x2 1
2
t
dx  2
0 x
d du d du 1

dx x 1  u 2
 
dx 0 1  u 2 
1 x2
x3
Find the derivative of F(x) =  cos t dt
 2

Apply the second Fundamental Theorem of Calculus


with the Chain Rule.

 cos x 3 3x 2 

You might also like