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Frequency Domain Filtering

Frequency domain filtering allows processing of images by transforming them into the frequency domain using tools like the Discrete Fourier Transform. This converts the image from the spatial domain to the frequency domain, where filtering can be done via simple matrix multiplication rather than convolution. Common frequency domain filters include ideal low pass filters to remove high frequencies, and Butterworth and Gaussian filters which can be tuned to act as low or high pass filters via their cutoff frequencies. Sharpening filters like ideal high pass filters emphasize high frequency edges and details.

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37 views39 pages

Frequency Domain Filtering

Frequency domain filtering allows processing of images by transforming them into the frequency domain using tools like the Discrete Fourier Transform. This converts the image from the spatial domain to the frequency domain, where filtering can be done via simple matrix multiplication rather than convolution. Common frequency domain filters include ideal low pass filters to remove high frequencies, and Butterworth and Gaussian filters which can be tuned to act as low or high pass filters via their cutoff frequencies. Sharpening filters like ideal high pass filters emphasize high frequency edges and details.

Uploaded by

Rêhâñ Kãtïyär
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Frequency Domain Filtering

Piyush Samant
High Frequency and Low frequency signal
High Frequency and Low frequency Image
Frequency Domain
• In order to get or achieve more meaningful information from the
image we use frequency domain filering
• In special domain we perform convolution between Image and kernal
h(x,y)*f(x,y)
• In frequency domain we transform both mask and the image into
frequency domain.
• Convolution in special domain is converted into simple matrix
multiplication in frequency domain.
Fourier Transform

• Any periodic function can be decomposed into a summation of sines


and cosines

• The Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) is "the Fourier transform for


finite-length sequences"
• Mathematially easier to analyze effects of transmission medium, noise, e
tc on simple sine functions, then add to get effect on complex image.

Discrete Fourier Transform


• Transform image to frequency from special domain using the fourier
Trnsform.
• Thus if the matrix F is the Fourier Transform of f we can write

• The original matrix f is the Inverse Fourier Transform of F


• The input and output of the DFT are both discrete, which makes it
convenient for computer manipulations
• There is a fast algorithm for computing the DFT known as the fast
Fourier transform (FFT).
• For a square image of size M×N, the two-dimensional DFT is given by:
• For M x N matrix, inverse fourier transforms can be written as
Filtering in Frequency Domain
To filter an image in the frequency domain:
1. Compute F(u,v)the DFT of the image
2. Multiply F(u,v)by a filter function H(u,v)
3. Compute the inverse DFT of the result
Some Basic Frequency Domain Filters
Smoothing Frequency Domain Filters
Ideal Low Pass Filter
• Simply cut off all high frequency components that are a specified distance
D0 from the origin of the transform
Ideal Low Pass Filter (cont…)
Ideal Low Pass Filter (cont…)

Above I have shown an image, it’s Fourier spectrum and a series of ideal
low pass filters of radius 5, 15, 30, 80 and 230 superimposed on top of
it
Butterworth Lowpass Filters
The transfer function of a Butterworth lowpass filter of order n
with cutoff frequency at distance D0 from the origin is defined as:
Gaussian Lowpass Filters
Comparision of Low pass filters
Sharpening in the Frequency Domain

• Edges and fine detail in images are associated with high frequency
components
• High pass filters – only pass the high frequencies, drop the low ones
• High pass frequencies are precisely the reverse of low pass filters, so:
Ideal High Pass filter
Butterworth High Pass Filters
Butterworth High Pass Filters (cont…)
Gaussian High Pass Filters
Gaussian High Pass Filters (cont…)
Example

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