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Sliding Filament Theory Lesson

The document outlines the sliding filament model of muscle contraction, including that ATP is required to break the cross-bridge between actin and myosin to allow for muscle relaxation. It also compares synapses and neuromuscular junctions and lists links to topics like aerobic respiration and protein structure and function in relation to muscle contraction. Diagrams are provided to illustrate the structure of the sarcomere and the sequence of events in muscle contraction.

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Kajetano Graucos
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164 views36 pages

Sliding Filament Theory Lesson

The document outlines the sliding filament model of muscle contraction, including that ATP is required to break the cross-bridge between actin and myosin to allow for muscle relaxation. It also compares synapses and neuromuscular junctions and lists links to topics like aerobic respiration and protein structure and function in relation to muscle contraction. Diagrams are provided to illustrate the structure of the sarcomere and the sequence of events in muscle contraction.

Uploaded by

Kajetano Graucos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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5.4.

2 Animal responses specification:


• (g) explain, with the aid of diagrams and photographs, the sliding
filament model of muscular contraction;
• (h) outline the role of ATP in muscular contraction, and how the
supply of ATP is maintained in muscles;
• (i) compare and contrast the action of synapses and neuromuscular
junctions;

Links with other topics:


• Biochemistry of respiration (aerobic and anaerobic, phosphorylation)
• Protein structure and function.
Get moving!
…. .
the cellular process of muscle contraction
Describe with the aid of diagrams and photographs, the
sliding filament model of muscular contraction;

Figure out the role of ATP in muscular contraction, and


how the supply of ATP is maintained in muscles.

Recognise links between muscle contraction mechanism


and rigor mortis and muscle control.
MWB: Draw a neuromuscular junction (9 marks).
• Action potential
• Acetylcholine
• Presynaptic membrane (axon)
• Synaptic cleft
• Sacrolemma (postsynaptic
membrane)
• Depolarisation
• T-tubules
• Sacroplasmic reticulum
• Ca++ diffuses out
• Note: You can’t see all the parts.
• Recall the sequence of events.
Muscular Dystrophy and
Neuromuscular Diseases
Muscle Muscle fibre cell

Neuromuscular junction

Myofibril
Myofilaments

Sarcomere
Myofibril consists of a chain of repeating units called sarcomeres with
a characteristic pattern of lines, zones and bands. Draw the plasma membrane.
This is ONE CELL and the myofibrils can be thought of as ORGANELLES.
Actin – thin
Myosin – thick
TASK showing arrangement of actin & myosin fibres inside a myofibril (RESOURCE Fig.4 p237).
A – relaxed sarcomere B – contracted sarcomere
• Add the M line
• Add another
thick filament
unit to the
sarcomere
• Draw
mitochondria
Sacroplasm into the
sarcoplasm
….to take you further.
• A What does multinucleated • B Why do the muscle fibre cells
mean? need to be multinucleated?
• Many nuclei in ONE cell • Instruction for protein synthesis
available along whole myofibril,
no need for transport.
• A Where are the
mitochondria? • B Why are the mitochondria not
• in the sarcoplasm, outside the
located within the sarcomere?t
sarcomeres. • they would be in the way of the
contracting / sliding filaments e
sarcomere?
Muscle contraction
Skeletal (striated) muscle is made up of specialised cells called muscle fibers.
• Each fiber contains
* several nuclei;
* many mitochondria;
* an extensive sarcoplasmic reticulum (specialised endoplasmic reticulum,
Ca++ store);
* contractile elements called myofibrils (organelles with highly organised
cytoskeleton, sliding filaments).
I z line Relaxed sarcomere I
I band

I M line
A Dark bands stay the same

I z line Contracted sarcomere I


One thick filament is surrounded by six thin filaments. The thin filaments are made
mainly of two entwined strands of the protein actin; the thick filaments are bundles of a
protein called myosin:
Progress Check labels
The sliding filament model
Binding mechanism sequence
TASK

Sequence sort
the events in
Muscle
contraction

A to G
Pi Pi Pi A

Pi Pi Pi A
Pi Pi Pi A

phosphocreatine regenerates ATP


Sequence of events in muscle contraction
1. Action potentials arrive at motor end plates,
which release the transmitter acetylcholine.
2. Acetylcholine binds to ligand-gated receptors
on the muscle fibre membrane, causing
depolarisation.
3. Depolarisation spreads through the transverse
tubules to the sarcoplasmic reticulum, which
releases Ca2+ ions.
4. Ca2+ ions bind to troponin molecules, which change shape
and move tropomyosin away from actin binding sites.
5. Actin-myosin cross-bridges form as the myosin head can
now attach to the actin filament.
6. The myosin head bends backwards, pulling the thin
filament along (the power stroke). Myosin attaching and
detaching from actin causes the filaments to slide relative
to one another. This movement reduces the sarcomere
length (the filaments do not change length).
7. The cross-bridge is broken using energy from the
hydrolysis of ATP and the myosin head is ‘re-set’. ATPase
that does this is located in the myosin heads.
F
A
E
B
D
G
C Progress Check
Written Progress Check
…..to take you further.
How is the sarcomere
restored to the relax
position?
•Hint:
Progress Check
What is the role of ATP in muscle contraction
• The myosin head binds to actin in a ‘high-energy’
state: the power stroke puts it into a more stable,
lower-energy shape.
• The binding of ATP to the myosin head allows it to
What is the role of ATP in
detach from actin.
• While detached, ATP is hydrolysed to ADP and
muscle contraction
inorganic phosphate (Pi): this ‘recharges’ the myosin
head and allows it to attach to the next actin binding
site.

Verbal Progress Check


Get into your groups!
A. What is rigor mortis and how is it caused?
(p243 Green)
B. What are the 3 ways that ATP can be supplied to
a skeletal muscle? (p237 OCR, 243 & 245 Green)
C. Compare muscle action when holding an egg
with crushing a tin can.
D. Compare slow twitch and fast twitch fibres (CH6
essay Pelican book, essay)
Extension plenary check
• What are the names of two myofilament in a sarcomere?
• Actin and Myosin
• Which filament is thick and which is thin?
• Myosin is thick / Actin is thin
• What is the region between two Z lines called?
• A sarcomere
• Name three sources of ATP in muscle tissue.
• Aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration and creatine
phosphate

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