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Unit 5 Discrete Control Analysis

This document discusses digital control systems. It outlines the key components of a digital control system including analog to digital converters, digital controllers, and digital to analog converters. It explains that digital control systems operate by sampling continuous signals and processing them digitally. The document also provides block diagrams that illustrate the basic structure and operation of digital control systems. It discusses designing digital controllers by obtaining equivalent z-domain transfer functions from analog controllers or designing directly in the z-domain.

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Tenzin Jamtsho
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58 views17 pages

Unit 5 Discrete Control Analysis

This document discusses digital control systems. It outlines the key components of a digital control system including analog to digital converters, digital controllers, and digital to analog converters. It explains that digital control systems operate by sampling continuous signals and processing them digitally. The document also provides block diagrams that illustrate the basic structure and operation of digital control systems. It discusses designing digital controllers by obtaining equivalent z-domain transfer functions from analog controllers or designing directly in the z-domain.

Uploaded by

Tenzin Jamtsho
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIT 5: DISCRETE CONTROL

ANALYSIS

1
Outlines of Unit : 5
– Introduction to Digital control system
– Advantages and disadvantages
– System architecture
– Components and designing criteria of Digital
Control System
– The discrete transfer function
– Sampled data system
– Transfer function of sample data systems
– Stability of Discrete data systems
2
Digital Control System
• A digital control system model can be viewed from
different perspectives including control algorithm,
computer program, conversion between analog and
digital domains, system performance etc.
• One of the most important aspects is the sampling
process level.
• In continuous time control systems, all the system
variables are continuous signals. Whether the system is
linear or nonlinear, all variables are continuously
present and therefore known (available) at all times.

3
Digital Control System
• A typical continuous time control system is
shown in Figure below:

4
Digital Control System
• In a digital control system, the control
algorithm is implemented in a digital
computer.
• The error signal is discretized and fed to
the computer by using an A/D (analog to
digital) converter.
• The controller output is again a discrete
signal which is applied to the plant after
using a D/A (digital to analog) converter.
5
Digital Control System
• General block diagram of a digital control
system is shown in Figure below:

6
Digital Control System
• e(t) is sampled at intervals of T.
• In the context of control and
communication, sampling is a process by
which a continuous time signal is
converted into a sequence of numbers at
discrete time intervals.
• It is a fundamental property of digital
control systems because of the discrete
nature of operation of digital computer.
7
Digital Control System
• Figure below shows the structure and operation of a
finite pulse width sampler, where (a) represents the
basic block diagram and (b) illustrates the function of
the same. T is the sampling period and p is the sample
duration.

8
Digital Control System
• In the early development, an analog system, not
containing a digital device like computer, in
which some of the signals were sampled was
referred to as a sampled data system.
• With the advent of digital computer, the term
discrete-time system denoted a system in which
all its signals are in a digital coded form.
• Most practical systems today are of hybrid
nature, i.e., contains both analog and digital
components.
9
Home Work

• Write advantages and disadvantages of


digital control system

10
The structure of a digital control system
• To control a physical system or process using a digital
controller, the controller must receive measurements
from the system, process them, and then send control
signals to the actuator that effects the control action.
• In almost all applications, both the plant and the
actuator are analog systems.
• This is a situation where the controller and the
controlled do not “speak the same language,” and
some form of translation is required.
• The translation from controller language (digital) to
physical process language (analog) is performed by a
digital-to-analog converter, or DAC. 11
The structure of a digital control system
• The translation from process language to
digital controller language is performed by an
analog-to-digital converter, or ADC.
• A sensor is needed to monitor the controlled
variable for feedback control.
• The combination of the elements discussed
here in a control loop is shown in Figure 1.1.
• Variations on this control configuration are
possible.

12
The structure of a digital control system
• Configuration of a digital control system is
shown in figure below:

13
Digital Control System Design
• To design a digital control system, we seek a z-domain
transfer function or difference equation model of the
controller that meets given design specifications.
• The controller model can be obtained from the model
of an analog controller that meets the same design
specifications.
• Alternatively, the digital controller can be designed in
the z-domain using procedures that are almost identical
to s-domain analog controller design.
• We begin by introducing the z-domain root locus.

14
Digital Control System Design
z-Domain root locus:
• The closed-loop characteristic equation of a digital
control system is of the form
1+C(z)GZAS(Z)= 0
• Where C(z) is the controller transfer function and
GZAS(z) is the transfer function of the DAC, analog
subsystem, and ADC combination.
• If the controller is assumed to include a constant gain
multiplied by a rational z-transfer function, then above
equation is equivalent to 1+KL(z) = 0
• where L(z) is the open-loop gain.
15
Home Work

16
-END-

17

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