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Protection Directional OC & EF

The document discusses various types of overcurrent protection devices including fuses, overcurrent relays, instantaneous overcurrent relays, and directional overcurrent relays. It explains the operating principles and applications of these devices for protecting electrical systems from faults. Key topics covered include the direction of current in AC circuits, forward and reverse direction, fault current characteristics, and earth fault and phase fault protection schemes.

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437 views54 pages

Protection Directional OC & EF

The document discusses various types of overcurrent protection devices including fuses, overcurrent relays, instantaneous overcurrent relays, and directional overcurrent relays. It explains the operating principles and applications of these devices for protecting electrical systems from faults. Key topics covered include the direction of current in AC circuits, forward and reverse direction, fault current characteristics, and earth fault and phase fault protection schemes.

Uploaded by

brijal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Over Current Protection

Primary Overcurrent Protection


Fuses

• Need replacement after fault


• Less sensitive to earth fault
• Fixed characteristics
• Single phasing
use in distribution transformers and Low
voltage system till today.
Over Current Relay

• A relay which operates when the


actuating current exceeds a certain
preset value (its pick-up value).
Over Current Relay
Instantaneous Overcurrent Relay
Over Current Relay

INSTANTANEOUS OVER CURRENT RELAY

• An instantaneous relay has no intentional time


delay in its operation /To operates on 0.1
second. Sometimes the terms high set or high
Speed relays are also used for the relays
which have operating times Less then 0.1
second.
Non Directional Overcurrent Relay
Over Current Relay
Instantaneous Overcurrent Relay
Over current setting
Time Gradient
DIRECTIONAL OVERCURRENT
&
EARTH FAULT RELAY
Direction of Current
• Current in any conductor of an electric
circuit can flow from left to right or from
right to left. This is commonly referred to
direction of current flow.
• In DC polarity indicate the direction of
current flow, however in AC Polarity
alternate constantly.
• Polarity can not be use as to determine the
direction of current flow in AC.
Direction of Current
Direction in AC

• In an ac power circuit, one determines the


direction of current flow from the phase shift
between the voltage E and the current I at
any given point of the circuit
Forward and Reverse Direction
Forward and Reverse Direction
Fault current

• Most of all fault current highly inductive in


nature and lag behind the voltage .
Directional Relay (67)

• Directional overcurrent relaying 67


refers to relaying that can use the
phase relationship of voltage and
current to determine direction to a
fault.
Directional Relay (67)
Type of Directional relay

• Self Polarisation
Voltage of same phase used with current
known as self polarisation.
• Cross polarisation
Voltage of other phase use for current known
as a cross polarisation
Two Parallel line
Two Parallel line
Two Parallel line
MTA CHARACTERISTICS : OVER CURRENT Y-PHASE
MTA CHARACTERISTICS : OVER CURRENT R-PHASE
MTA CHARACTERISTICS : EARTH FAULT R-PHASE
MTA CHARACTERISTICS : OVER CURRENT B-PHASE
MTA CHARACTERISTICS : EARTH FAULT Y-PHASE
MTA CHARACTERISTICS : EARTH FAULT B-PHASE
Directional Overcurrent Relay
Directional Overcurrent Relay
TYPICAL OC PROTECTION – RING MAIN & RADIAL SYSTEM
PROTECTION
OF
POWR SYSTEM

OVER CURRENT PROTECTION


IDMT Relay
EARTH FAULT SETTINGS IN NUMERICAL RELAY
Inverse Definite Minimum Time (IDMT)
Current and Time Co-ordination
Static IDMT Relay
Numerical IDMT Relay
OVER CURRENT SETTINGS IN NUMERICAL RELAY
Earth Fault and Phase Fault Protection
• Earth Fault
A fault which involves ground
Ex: Single line- ground, LL-G
 Phase Fault
Faults which do not involve ground
Ex: Double line fault (line-line)
 Earth Fault Protection : The protective scheme used
for the Protection of power system element against earth
faults
 Phase Fault Protection : The protective scheme used
for the Protection of power system element against phase
faults
Earth Fault Relay and Overcurrent Relay
• Used for Protection of a section(or an element)
• Phase fault relays are called overcurrent relays
• Operating principle and construction is same
• Plug setting of earth fault relay is 20% to 80% In steps of
10%
• Earth fault relays are more sensitive than phase fault
relays.
• Plug setting for Phase fault relays is 50% to 200% in steps
of 25%
• Overcurrent relays used for phase faults
Various Earth fault Protective Schemes
• The earth fault relay is energised by a
residual current
• (ia+ ib+ ic) is called residual current
• Normal condition residual current zero
• Balanced condition current through
earth fault relay zero.
• Minimum plug setting is 20% or 30%
• Magnitude of earth fault current
depends on fault impedance and neutral
earthing
• Fault impedance of E. faults > phase
faults
• Due to Earth fault current< Phase fault
current
• Plug setting % is low for earth faults
Earth Fault Relay
Directional Overcurrent Relay

• Directional means when the fault current can


flows on both direction through relay and
fault current magnitude is more than
threshold level of relay, and it direction also
match than it gives trip command to circuit
breaker.
• For selective tripping
• For parallel line
• Current as well as voltage required
Directional Overcurrent Relay
• Which operates when current exceeds
pick-up value in specific direction
• Contains two relaying units
• The secondary winding of the
overcurrent unit is kept open
• Directional unit operates secondary
winding of over current unit
• Overcurrent unit may be wattmetric or
shaded pole type
• Wound coil instead of shading coil with
ordinary strip
Protective Relay

• Protective relay monitors electrical


network
• Through CT , PT , and CVT voltage and
current amplitudes frequency and phase
angle inputs
• To detect and isolate faults , before
serious damages can occur.

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