Introduction To The Internet

Chapter 16

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 Objectives
Define Internet
Define the application areas of Internet
Explain World Wide Web and define its working
Explain File Transfer Protocol
Use Email
Understand the requirements for Internet
Connection

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Internet
INTERNET is a network of networks. Just
as interstate highway system links one
city to another, similarly the Internet links
thousands of computer networks.

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Example-Super Library

This library lends books, audio and video:

 Only one item at a time
 Any two item at a time
 All the three items

Internal borrowing among members is also allowed

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 The Internet

Like the library, the Internet is also:

◦ Enjoyable
◦ Varied
◦ Interesting
Source of information which can be used by
netizens

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Uses Of Internet-1
On-line employment
Net Banking
On-line education system
Making friends and participating in a
discussion
Send and receive electronic greetings
from friends and relatives
Go through the catalog of a library

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 Uses Of Internet -2
Visitan electronic zoo or museum
Find out most popular programming
languages
Download interesting software
Publishing your portfolio over the net

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Internet Resources

WWW

FTP

Email

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The World-Wide Web-1
User-friendly
Universal
database of knowledge
Web Pages - made up of Hypertext

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The World-Wide Web-2
Some technical terms:
Hypertext
Link
HTTP
Browser
Address

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Technical Terms
Connection
Request
Service
Formatting
Client
Server

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Browsers and The Internet
To search for information on the Internet
you need a browser and an Internet
connection
A browser is a software application that
interprets the language of HTML files
posted on the Web
Some browsers can also play sound and
video clips along with the web pages

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Web Pages
Information on the Internet is available
through Web Pages
The most important feature of Web pages
is that you can navigate from one page to
another
Navigation is possible between web pages
that are connected by hyperlinks
You can insert hyperlinks in any web
page to lead a viewer of that page to
another page
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 Hyperlinks

Hyperlinks are links created between collections

of pages using which you can move to and from
pages
A hyperlink is displayed either as text or a
graphic
When you click on the hyperlink, you can move
to the linked location
Linked pages can be in the same document or
multiple documents or in different files on the
network or any where on the Internet

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 How Hyperlinks work

Every web site and web page has a unique

address assigned to it
You can create a hyperlink to any other web
page on the World Wide Web by using this
address
You have to specify the path and address of the
page to link to your web page in hyperlink
The browser reads the address of the page to
open and takes the reader to that page

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An Internet Address
An Internet address is also known as a
Uniform Resource Locator (URL). The
address of a web page that you view is
found in the Address bar of the browser.

The URL

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Parts of an Internet Address
A protocol is a set of rules and standards
that allow computers to exchange
information e.g. HTTP, FTP
The location shows you where the site is
located e.g. the World Wide Web (www)
Organization name gives name of the web
site owner who maintains it e.g. Microsoft
The domain type tells you the kind of site
it is such as .com, .edu, .org and .gov

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 Internet Addresses-1

Code Explanation
edu educational facility
com commercial organization
gov non-military government
body
mil military concern
org other organization

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Internet Addresses-2
Code Explanation
net network resource
ac academic institution
au Australia
in India
us United States of America
uk England

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Example - Restaurant
Menu card - Web Document
Waiter - Browser
Cook - Server

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Web transaction
Steps in a web transaction:
 Selection of Hyperlink
 Connection to server
address
 Server services the
request
Enter web address here

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A sample Web Page

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File Transfer Protocol
Is a method of:
Transferring files
Sharing software

Advantages of FTP:
Speed
Cost Effective
Choice

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Email
Method to send messages from one
computer to another
Made up of two parts:
◦ The Address
◦ The Message

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Email Addresses-1
Email addresses similar to postal
addresses
Postal Address
Mr. John Smith
101, Sunshine Apts,
Duke Street, London,U.K.
Email Address
‘[email protected]’

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Email Addresses-2

Receiver’s Address

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Email Addresses-3
[email protected]

Made up of three parts:

jennyb
mtu
edu

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Example-Phone Number
An email address is similar to a phone
number
A phone number is made up of four parts
E.g. ‘001 609 951 9638’
Country code for U.S.A.
001 : Country code for U.S.A.
609 : City code for Princeton
951 : Local telephone exchange
9638 : The actual phone number

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Advantages of e-mail
Speed
Multimedia
Cost

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Disadvantages of e-mail
Can be sent only to people with email-id
Cannot send anything physical

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Internet Communication

FTP M A IL W EB
SERV ER SERV ER SERV ER

IN T E R N E T

FTP
SM TP
H TTP

T C P /IP

IN T E R N E T S E R V IC E
P R O V ID E R

S E R V IC E REQ U EST

Y O U
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TCP/IP-1
TCP/IP is made up of:
HTTP
FTP
SMTP

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TCP/IP-2

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 To get connected to a web page-1

 Enter the address www.aptech-worldwide.com

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 To get connected to a web page-2
The browser then connects our computer to
that of the ISP
This computer then contacts a computer that
contains the locations of all the computers
whose names end in the ‘com’ code
The exact location of the computer called
‘aptech-worldwide’ is then obtained from
there

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 To get connected to a web page-3

The server computer at the ISP, connects to the

computer called ‘aptech-worldwide’
This computer is then requested for a HTTP
document
If the server is free then it sends the page as
requested, otherwise it sends a busy signal
If such a signal is received, we should try again
after some time

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To get connected to a web page-4

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Requirements for an Internet
Connection-1
Computer with Browser Software
Modem with Communication Software
Computers
◦ A PC with 300 Mhz
◦ 32 - 64 Mb RAM
◦ 4.3 GB onwards HDD
◦ Multimedia Kit

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Requirements for an Internet
Connection-2

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Summary
Internet is a big network made up of
network made up of smaller ones
World Wide Web is a service that allows
the users to access to almost any
information that is on the internet
Internet helps us to send our mails
through emails and download or upload
any information through FTP

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