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Cs112 - Programming Fundamental: Lecture # 06 - Tokens in C Syed Shahrooz Shamim

This document discusses the different types of tokens in the C programming language. There are six main types of tokens: keywords, identifiers, constants, strings, special symbols, and operators. Keywords are reserved words that serve as building blocks for program statements. Identifiers are user-defined names for variables, functions, and arrays. Constants refer to fixed values that do not change during program execution. Strings are arrays of characters ended by a null character. Special symbols have predefined meanings, like brackets and parentheses. Operators are used to perform logical and mathematical operations.

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51 views9 pages

Cs112 - Programming Fundamental: Lecture # 06 - Tokens in C Syed Shahrooz Shamim

This document discusses the different types of tokens in the C programming language. There are six main types of tokens: keywords, identifiers, constants, strings, special symbols, and operators. Keywords are reserved words that serve as building blocks for program statements. Identifiers are user-defined names for variables, functions, and arrays. Constants refer to fixed values that do not change during program execution. Strings are arrays of characters ended by a null character. Special symbols have predefined meanings, like brackets and parentheses. Operators are used to perform logical and mathematical operations.

Uploaded by

Ghazan Aqeel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CS112 - PROGRAMMING FUNDAMENTAL

Lecture # 06 – Tokens in C
Syed Shahrooz Shamim
Junior Lecturer,
CS Department, UIT
Introduction To C Tokens
• In a passage of text, individual words and
punctuation marks are called tokens. Similarly, in C
programming the smallest individual units are
known as C tokens.

• C language has six types of tokens, and programs


are written using these tokens and the syntax of the
language.
Types Of C Tokens

Special
Keywords Identifiers Constants Strings Operators
Symbols
Keywords
• Keywords serves as the building blocks for a
program statements. All keywords have a fixed
meaning and cannot be changed.
• Keywords cannot be used as normal identifier
names.
• Few Examples of keywords used in C are listed
below
– int
– break
– goto
– char
– switch
– void
Identifier
• Identifier refers to the name of variables, functions and arrays.
These are user defined names and consists of a sequence of
letters and digits.
• Both uppercase and lowercase letters can be used, and c
language is case sensitive. A special symbol underscore ( _ ) is
also permitted.
• Rules For Identifiers
– First character must be an alphabet.
– must consist of only letters, digits or underscore.
– Should not be a keyword and should not have any blank
space.
• Example:- int num;
char name;
Where num and name are identifier names.
Constants
• Constants refers to fixed values that do not change during the
execution of a program.

• Basic types of C constants are shown in the flowchart

Constants

Numeric Character
Constants Constants

Single
Integer Real String
character
Constants Constants constants
constants
Strings
• Strings are nothing but array of characters ended
with null character (‘\0’). This null character
indicates the end of the string.
• Strings are always enclosed by double quotes.
Whereas, character is enclosed by single quotes in
C.
• Example :- char name[10];
In this example the variable name can store up
to 10 bytes.
Special Symbols
• The following special symbols are used in C having some
special meaning and thus, cannot be used for some other
purpose.
[] () {} , ; : * … = #

• Braces{}: These opening and ending curly braces marks the


start and end of a block of code containing more than one
executable statement.

• Parentheses(): These special symbols are used to indicate


function calls and function parameters.

• Brackets[]: Opening and closing brackets are used as array


element reference. These indicate single and multidimensional
subscripts.
Operators
• The symbols which are used to perform logical and
mathematical operations in a C program are called
C operators.

• Operators used in C program are


• Arithmetic operators
• Assignment operators
• Relational operators
• Logical operators
• Bit wise operators
• Conditional operators (ternary operators)
• Increment/decrement operators
• Special Operators

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