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    Bohr Model

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    Rodney Barba
    g;slskdfl

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    Bohr Model

    Uploaded by

    Rodney Barba
    12 views53 pages
    g;slskdfl

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    g;slskdfl

    Copyright:

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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    12 views53 pages

    Bohr Model

    Uploaded by

    Rodney Barba
    g;slskdfl

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 53

    Rutherford

     Discovered the Nucleus


    and the Positive
    Protons
     Surmised atoms are
    made of mostly empty
    space
     Didn’t know about the
    Neutrons
     Famous Gold Foil
    Experiment
    Gold Foil Experiment

    • Particles shot through thin sheet of gold


    • Most shots went straight through
    • A small amount were deflected
    • Hence… The atoms must be made of mostly empty space with a
    small dense nucleus
    Nuclear Model
     Rutherford found that most (99%) of the alpha particles that he
    shot at the gold went straight through
     From these experiments Rutherford concluded that the atom
    had a dense positive core, with the rest composed of mostly
    empty space with the occasional negatively charged electron

    -
    -
    -
    +

    - -
    note: this model completely changed the definition of atom
    SPECTROSCOPE

    EPOCSORTCEPS

     an optical device for


    producing and observing a
    spectrum of light or
    radiation
    WAVELENGTH

    VEWALENGTH

    A repeating pattern of
    traveling energy, such as
    light or sound.
    ELECTRON

    TRONELEC

     a subatomic particle
    whose electric charge is
    negative
    FLAME TESTodel

    Nucleus

    Electron

    Orbit

    Energy Levels
    OBJECTIVE

    Determine the characteristic


    colors that metal salts emit.
    Relate the colors emitted by
    metal salts to the structure of
    atoms
    OBJECTIVE
    PROCEDURE
    Metal Salt Tested Element Producing Color of the Flame
    Color
    Calcium Chloride Calcium
    Copper Chloride Copper
    Lithium Chloride Lithium
    Potassium Chloride Potassium
    Sodium Chloride Sodium
    Strontium Chloride Strontium
    GUIDE
    QUESTIONS
    Q1. Why do you think are
    there different colors
    emitted?
    GUIDE
    QUESTIONS
    Q2. What particles in the
    heated compounds are
    responsible for the production
    of the colored light?
    GUIDE
    QUESTIONS
    Q3. How did the scientists
    explain the relationship
    between the colors observed
    and the structure of the atom?
    GUIDE
    QUESTIONS
    Q4. Explain how your observation
    in Activity 1 relates to Bohr’s
    model of the atom. You can
    explain using an illustration.
    GUIDE
    QUESTIONS
    Q5. Which illustration below
    represents the energy of the electron
    as described by Bohr? Explain your
    answer.
    OBJECTIVE
    PROCEDURE
    Metal Salt Tested Element Producing Color of the Flame
    Color
    Calcium Chloride Calcium
    Copper Chloride Copper
    Lithium Chloride Lithium
    Potassium Chloride Potassium
    Sodium Chloride Sodium
    Strontium Chloride Strontium
    ANSWER
    Metal Salt Tested Element Producing Color of the Flame
    Color

    Calcium Chloride Calcium Yellow

    Copper Chloride Copper

    Potassium Chloride Potassium

    Sodium Chloride Sodium

    Strontium Chloride Strontium


    ANSWER
    Metal Salt Tested Element Producing Color of the Flame
    Color

    Calcium Chloride Calcium Yellow

    Copper Chloride Copper Blue-green

    Potassium Chloride Potassium

    Sodium Chloride Sodium

    Strontium Chloride Strontium


    ANSWER
    Metal Salt Tested Element Producing Color of the Flame
    Color

    Calcium Chloride Calcium Yellow

    Copper Chloride Copper Blue-green

    Potassium Chloride Potassium Light violet

    Sodium Chloride Sodium

    Strontium Chloride Strontium


    ANSWER
    Metal Salt Tested Element Producing Color of the Flame
    Color

    Calcium Chloride Calcium Yellow

    Copper Chloride Copper Blue-green

    Potassium Chloride Potassium Light violet

    Sodium Chloride Sodium Orange

    Strontium Chloride Strontium


    ANSWER
    Metal Salt Tested Element Producing Color of the Flame
    Color

    Calcium Chloride Calcium Yellow

    Copper Chloride Copper Blue-green

    Potassium Chloride Potassium Light violet

    Sodium Chloride Sodium Orange

    Strontium Chloride Strontium Red Orange


    GUIDE
    QUESTIONS
    Q1. Why do you think are
    there different colors
    emitted?
    ANSWER

    Q1. Metal salts emitted


    different colors because of the
    absorption of heat from the
    production of colored light.
    GUIDE
    QUESTIONS
    Q2. What particles in the
    heated compounds are
    responsible for the production
    of the colored light?
    ANSWER

    Q2. The outermost particles in


    the metallic elements are
    responsible for the production
    of light.
    GUIDE
    QUESTIONS
    Q3. How did the scientists
    explain the relationship
    between the colors observed
    and the structure of the atom?
    ANSWER

    Q3. The colors observed is an


    indication that definite energy
    transformation occurs inside
    the atom emitting light.
    GUIDE
    QUESTIONS
    Q4. Explain how your observation
    in Activity 1 relates to Bohr’s
    model of the atom. You can
    explain using an illustration.
    ANSWER

    Q4. The electrons are moving around the


    nucleus in circular orbits. When an
    electron absorbed extra energy from an
    outside source (flame), the electron
    moves to a higher orbit. Colored light is
    emitted when the electron falls back to a
    lower orbit.
    GUIDE
    QUESTIONS
    Q. Which illustration below
    represents the energy of the electron
    as described by Bohr? Explain your
    answer.
    ANSWER

    Q5. The energy levels (orbits) of electrons


    are like steps of ladder. The lowest step of
    the ladder corresponds to the lowest
    energy level. A person can climb up and
    down by going from step to step.
    Similarly, the electrons can move from
    one energy level to another by absorbing
    or releasing energy.
    Atomic Emission Spectra
     Set of frequencies of the electromagnetic
    waves emitted by atoms of the element.
     Is characteristic of the element being
    examined.
    The Bohr Model of the atom

    Electrons Protons and


    orbiting neutrons in
    around the the nucleus
    nucleus
     Electrons orbit around the nucleus
    in specific energy levels (ground
    state)
     Electrons can absorb energy,
    become excited and move to a
    higher energy orbital (excited state)
     Excited electrons release energy as
    photons of light in order to get back
    to the ground state.
    - Only certain atomic energies are possible so certain
    frequencies of energy are emitted.
    - Explains Hydrogen really well, but not other atoms…
    Niels Bohr
     Discovered that electrons
    exist in several distinct
    layers or levels
     “Jimmy Neutron Model”
     Travel around nucleus like
    planets travel around sun
     Electrons Orbit
     Electrons can jump between
    levels with energy being
    added/released
    Bohr Model
     Niels Bohr proposed that electrons revolve
    around the central positive nucleus (like
    planets in the solar system)

    negative electrons

    3 positive protons
    Bohr Model
     Bohr also suggested that the electrons can only
    revolve in certain orbits, or at certain energy levels
    (ie, the energy levels are quantized)

    no energy level in between steps


    Bohr’s Model

    Nucleus

    Electron

    Orbit

    Energy Levels
    APPLICATIONS
    DIRECTION:
    Read carefully the
    question and choose
    the letter of the best
    answer.
    1. Which combination describes
    the flame color of the compound
    when heated?
    a. sodium chloride – orange
    b. potassium chloride - blue
    c. copper (II) sulfate – violet
    d. boric acid - red
    2. Which of the following statements is NOT true
    of the atomic model of Bohr?
    a. The hydrogen is made up of a positively
    charged nucleus.
    b. The electron revolves around the nucleus in a
    circular orbit.
    c. The energy of the electron in a given orbit is
    not fixed.
    d. an electron can absorb or emit a quantity of
    radiation.
    3. What occurs when an electron moves
    from high energy level to a low level?
    a. another electron goes from a low
    energy level to a high one
    b. the atom moves faster
    c. colored light is given off
    d. this process is not possible
    4. The symbol “n” in the Bohr theory of
    atomic structure refers to
    a. the energy of electron.
    b. the total energy of the atom.
    c. the number of electron in an
    energy level.
    d. the orbit in which an electron is
    found.
    5. According to Bohr, electrons cannot reside
    at ____ in the figure below.

    a.point B
    b.point D
    c.point C
    1. Which combination describes
    the flame color of the compound
    when heated?
    a. sodium chloride – orange
    b. potassium chloride - blue
    c. copper (II) sulfate – violet
    d. boric acid - red
    2. Which of the following statements is NOT true
    of the atomic model of Bohr?
    a. The hydrogen is made up of a positively
    charged nucleus.
    b. The electron revolves around the nucleus in a
    circular orbit.
    c. The energy of the electron in a given orbit
    is not fixed.
    d. an electron can absorb or emit a quantity of
    radiation.
    3. What occurs when an electron moves
    from high energy level to a low level?
    a. another electron goes from a low
    energy level to a high one
    b. the atom moves faster
    c. colored light is given off
    d. this process is not possible
    4. The symbol “n” in the Bohr theory of
    atomic structure refers to
    a. the energy of electron.
    b. the total energy of the atom.
    c. the number of electron in an
    energy level.
    d. the orbit in which an electron is
    found.
    5. According to Bohr, electrons cannot reside
    at ____ in the figure below.

    a.point B
    b.point D
    c.point C

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