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Highway Alignment

The document discusses factors that control highway alignment including the type of road, obligatory points it must pass through, traffic levels, gradients, sight distances, obstructions, bridges, rail crossings, and surrounding land uses. It also describes the process for determining alignment, which includes preliminary studies of maps and aerial photos, drawing provisional alignments, ground reconnaissance of alternatives, selecting the final alignment, and marking it out. Detailed surveys are then conducted to establish the centerline and collect additional data needed for design, cost estimates, and land acquisition.

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Padmarekha A
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1K views15 pages

Highway Alignment

The document discusses factors that control highway alignment including the type of road, obligatory points it must pass through, traffic levels, gradients, sight distances, obstructions, bridges, rail crossings, and surrounding land uses. It also describes the process for determining alignment, which includes preliminary studies of maps and aerial photos, drawing provisional alignments, ground reconnaissance of alternatives, selecting the final alignment, and marking it out. Detailed surveys are then conducted to establish the centerline and collect additional data needed for design, cost estimates, and land acquisition.

Uploaded by

Padmarekha A
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Highway Alignment

What is highway alignment


• The position/layout of the highway central line
– Horizontal alignment
– Vertical alignment
• Requirements
– Short
– Easy
– Safe
– Economical
FACTORS CONTROLLING ALLIGMENT
• CLASS/TYPE OF ROAD AND ITS PURPOSE
• OBLIGATORY POINTS
– POINTS THROUGH WHICH HIGHWAY PASSES
FACTORS CONTROLLING ALLIGMENT
• TYPE OF VEHICULAR TRAFFIC
– TRUCK TRAFFIC
– PUBLIC TRANSPORT
• GRADIENT
– VERTICAL LEVEL

• HORIZONTAL CURVES
FACTORS CONTROLLING ALLIGMENT
SIGHT DISTANCE
OBSTRUCTIONS
CROSS DRAINAGE WORKS
FACTORS CONTROLLING ALLIGMENT
BRIDGES
FACTORS CONTROLLING ALLIGMENT
RAILWAY CROSSING

FORMATION BED
EARTH WORK
CUTTING
FILLING
FACTORS CONTROLLING ALLIGMENT
AGRICULTURAL LAND AND DENSE FORESTS
EXISTING RIGHT OF WAY (ROW)

PUBLIC DEMAND
How to do alignment
• examination of general information from maps, aerial
reconnaissance and aerial photographs;
• drawing up of provisional alignments in the light of the
information collected;
• detailed reconnaissance on the ground of the
possibilities of the provisional alignment;
• fixing the final alignment by correcting the provisional
one in the light of information gamed by the
reconnaissance on the ground;
• marking out and staking the selected alignment with
regard to the detailed irregularities found on the
ground.
Surveys/Data collection
• Map study
• Reconnaissance
• Preliminary surveys
• Final location and detailed surveys
• Map study:
– With the help of topographic map it is possible to
suggest the likely routes of the road.
– topographic maps are available from the survey of
India with 15 of 30 m contour interval.
– The main features like rivers, hills, valleys can be
collected from the map
– More details with aerial photographs
• Reconnaissance:
– During the survey, the physical characteristics of the areal are
inspected and the proposed route is thoroughly examined
– Surveying instruments are used for the purpose of collecting
additional information
– To study the feasibility or practicability of the proposed route
– To reduce the number of alternative routes to the minimum to
select the best 2 or 3 routes.
– Source of construction materials, water and location of stone
quarries.
– Number and type of cross drainage structure, maximum flood
level and natural ground water level along the probable routes.
Preliminary Survey:
• It consists of detailed survey of the alternative routes selected.
• After reconnaissance. It is done by using the instruments such as
chain, compass, tape, level & theodolite.
Objectives
• To select the best route.
• To determine the centre line to be followed
• To collect are additional information found necessary after
reconnaissance.
• To estimate quantity of earthwork materials and other construction
aspects and to work out the cost of alternate proposals
• Final Location and Detailed Survey:
The alignment finalized after the preliminary survey is to be first
located on the field by established the centre line.
This is done accurately by using instruments. The final route selected
after the preliminary survey is surveyed and located on the ground.
Objectives
• To establish temporary bench marks
• To collect information required for
– The preparation of working drawings
– The preparation of detailed estimates
– The design of road & bridges
– Preparing specifications
– Land acquisition

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