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    DC Transfer Characteristics of CMOS Gates and Pass Transistors

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    wajid ali
    The document discusses the DC transfer characteristics of CMOS gates and pass transistors. It shows the CMOS inverter transfer function and how the output voltage changes with different input voltage ranges. It also explains noise margin and how it is defined for low and high logic levels. Threshold voltage is discussed as the dividing line between logic levels. Finally, it describes how pass transistors made of nMOS and pMOS can be combined to create a CMOS switch that strongly passes both 0s and 1s.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    DC Transfer Characteristics of CMOS Gates and Pass Transistors

    Uploaded by

    wajid ali
    112 views6 pages
    The document discusses the DC transfer characteristics of CMOS gates and pass transistors. It shows the CMOS inverter transfer function and how the output voltage changes with different input voltage ranges. It also explains noise margin and how it is defined for low and high logic levels. Threshold voltage is discussed as the dividing line between logic levels. Finally, it describes how pass transistors made of nMOS and pMOS can be combined to create a CMOS switch that strongly passes both 0s and 1s.

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    The document discusses the DC transfer characteristics of CMOS gates and pass transistors. It shows the CMOS inverter transfer function and how the output voltage changes with different input voltage ranges. It also explains noise margin and how it is defined for low and high logic levels. Threshold voltage is discussed as the dividing line between logic levels. Finally, it describes how pass transistors made of nMOS and pMOS can be combined to create a CMOS switch that strongly passes both 0s and 1s.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    112 views6 pages

    DC Transfer Characteristics of CMOS Gates and Pass Transistors

    Uploaded by

    wajid ali
    The document discusses the DC transfer characteristics of CMOS gates and pass transistors. It shows the CMOS inverter transfer function and how the output voltage changes with different input voltage ranges. It also explains noise margin and how it is defined for low and high logic levels. Threshold voltage is discussed as the dividing line between logic levels. Finally, it describes how pass transistors made of nMOS and pMOS can be combined to create a CMOS switch that strongly passes both 0s and 1s.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 6

    DC Transfer Characteristics of CMOS Gates

    and Pass Transistors


    To get the transfer function look for same current for same input in the two
    MOSFETS of inverter.
    Vin=approx 2/3 VDD =0.6
    Vin=VDD Vin=0.4V <0.5 Vin=0.5VDD
    25
    25.0
    140 12

    120 10
    20
    20.0

    100 8
    15
    15.0
    80
    6

    10.0 10
    60
    4

    40 5
    5.0 2

    20
    0 0
    0.0
    0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
    0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
    0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

    Vin=0V

    140

    120

    100

    80

    60

    40

    20

    0
    0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
    CMOS inverter transfer function is shown.
    Also called DC transfer function. Input voltages change slowly.

    condition pMOS nMOS OUTPUT


    A 0 ≤ 𝑉𝑖𝑛 < 𝑉𝑡𝑛 linear cutoff 𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 𝑉𝐷𝐷
    B 𝑉𝑡𝑛 < 𝑉𝑖𝑛 < 𝑉𝐷𝐷 /2 linear saturated 𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 > 𝑉𝐷𝐷 /2
    C 𝑉𝑖𝑛 = 𝑉𝐷𝐷 /2 saturated saturated 𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 drops sharply

    D 𝑉𝐷𝐷 /2< 𝑉𝑖𝑛 ≤ 𝑉𝐷𝐷 − saturated linear 𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 > 𝑉𝐷𝐷 /2


    𝑉𝑡𝑝

    E 𝑉𝑖𝑛 ≥ 𝑉𝐷𝐷 − 𝑉𝑡𝑝 cutoff linear 𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 0


    NOISE MARGIN
    It tells us what range of input signal
    will give the desired output.
    𝑁𝑀𝐿 : LOW noise margin
    defined as
    𝑁𝑀𝐿 = 𝑉𝐼𝐿 − 𝑉𝑂𝐿
    𝑉𝐼𝐿 =maximum LOW input voltage
    𝑉𝑂𝐿 =maximum LOW output
    voltage
    𝑁𝑀𝐻 : HIGH noise margin
    defined as
    𝑁𝑀𝐻 = 𝑉𝑂𝐻 − 𝑉𝐼𝐻
    𝑉𝑂𝐻 =minimum HIGH output
    voltage
    𝑉𝑂𝐿 =maximum LOW input voltage
    The dividing line between the low and high
    logic levels is called the threshold voltage. This
    depends on the relations between individual
    transistors. Their strength.
    Obtained by equation the saturation currents.
    1
    𝑉𝐷𝐷 + 𝑉𝑡𝑝 + 𝑉𝑡𝑛 𝑟
    𝑉𝑖𝑛𝑣 =
    1
    1+
    𝑟
    For short-channels (velocity saturated)
    1
    𝑉𝐷𝐷 + 𝑉𝑡𝑝 + 𝑉𝑡𝑛
    𝑉𝑖𝑛𝑣 = 𝑟
    1
    1+
    𝑟
    Pass Transistors

    Pass Gate or Transmission


    Gate:

    nMOS: passes 0 strongly


    but 1 weakly
    pMOS: passes 1 strongly
    but 0 weakly

    By combing them we obtain


    a CMOS switch that passes
    both strongly.

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