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    Explorersppt 120524035430 Phpapp01

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    Kaileena Anais
    Explorers went exploring for reasons like seeking spices, goods, land, religious converts, and bypassing trade monopolies. Major explorers included Marco Polo, who traveled to China in the late 1200s; Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal, who sought a water route around Africa to India in the early 1400s; and Christopher Columbus, whose voyages to the Americas in the 1490s seeking a route to Asia unexpectedly led to the discovery of the New World. Advances in navigation tools, shipbuilding including the caravel, and growing European powers' desire for wealth and territory drove the Age of Exploration that expanded geographic and economic knowledge.

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    Explorersppt 120524035430 Phpapp01

    Uploaded by

    Kaileena Anais
    22 views35 pages
    Explorers went exploring for reasons like seeking spices, goods, land, religious converts, and bypassing trade monopolies. Major explorers included Marco Polo, who traveled to China in the late 1200s; Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal, who sought a water route around Africa to India in the early 1400s; and Christopher Columbus, whose voyages to the Americas in the 1490s seeking a route to Asia unexpectedly led to the discovery of the New World. Advances in navigation tools, shipbuilding including the caravel, and growing European powers' desire for wealth and territory drove the Age of Exploration that expanded geographic and economic knowledge.

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    Explorers went exploring for reasons like seeking spices, goods, land, religious converts, and bypassing trade monopolies. Major explorers included Marco Polo, who traveled to China in the late 1200s; Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal, who sought a water route around Africa to India in the early 1400s; and Christopher Columbus, whose voyages to the Americas in the 1490s seeking a route to Asia unexpectedly led to the discovery of the New World. Advances in navigation tools, shipbuilding including the caravel, and growing European powers' desire for wealth and territory drove the Age of Exploration that expanded geographic and economic knowledge.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    22 views35 pages

    Explorersppt 120524035430 Phpapp01

    Uploaded by

    Kaileena Anais
    Explorers went exploring for reasons like seeking spices, goods, land, religious converts, and bypassing trade monopolies. Major explorers included Marco Polo, who traveled to China in the late 1200s; Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal, who sought a water route around Africa to India in the early 1400s; and Christopher Columbus, whose voyages to the Americas in the 1490s seeking a route to Asia unexpectedly led to the discovery of the New World. Advances in navigation tools, shipbuilding including the caravel, and growing European powers' desire for wealth and territory drove the Age of Exploration that expanded geographic and economic knowledge.

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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 35

    Explorers

    Guiding Questions

     Why did they go exploring?


     How did they explore?
     What did they explore?
     Where did they explore?
     How did the Crusades and Renaissance encourage
    exploration?
     How does exploration affect us today?
     Who benefits from modern-day exploration?
    Marco Polo
    Marco Polo

     A Venetian merchant who traveled with his father and uncle


    to China in 1271.
     There, he met with Kublai Khan who employed Marco to
    travel the province and make reports.
     After many years, the three men return to Venice, but are
    not recognized by their family.
     Marco Polo is captured during a Venetian – Genoese battle
    and put into prison where he meets a writer who records his
    amazing adventures.
    Why did they go?

     Spices: nutmeg, ginger, cinnamon, pepper


     Goods: silk and gold
     Land to claim for crown
     Religious converts
     To bypass Venetian and Muslim trade monopoly and
    high prices

    God, Glory, and Gold!!


    Portugal & Prince Henry the
    Navigator

    ultimate goal—find a
    water route around Africa
    to India
    Explorers from Portugal and Spain
    As a result of their location facing the Atlantic Ocean, Portugal and Spain were
    well suited to kicking off the Age of Exploration.

    The Portuguese Navigation Court


    •Portugal was first country to • Early 1400s, Henry established
    launch large-scale voyages of court to which he brought sailors,
    exploration mapmakers, astronomers, others
    •Begun largely due to efforts of • Expeditions sent west to islands
    Prince Henry, son of King John I of in Atlantic, south to explore
    Portugal western coast of Africa
    •Often called Henry the Navigator, • Portuguese settled Azores,
    not himself explorer Madeira Islands, learned more
    •Patron, supporter of those who about Africa’s coast
    wished to explore
    Ready, Set…
    Advances in Technology
    • Whatever reasons for exploring, Europeans could not have made voyages of
    discovery without certain key advances in technology
    • Some advances made in Europe during Renaissance
    • Others borrowed from people with whom Europeans had contact, especially
    Chinese, Muslims

    Navigation
    • Sailors needed precise means to calculate location
    • Compass brought to Europe from China, let know sailors know which direction
    was north at any time
    • Europeans learned to use astrolabe from Muslims
    • Navigators could chart location based on sun, stars in relation to horizon
    How did they explore?

    Astrolabe: used to
    determine altitude of the
    sun and position of the
    stars. Sextant: used to
    find latitude and
    longitude

    Caravel: small
    sailing ship with 2 or
    3 masts and
    triangular sails
    Shipbuilding
    Improvements
    • Just as important as advances in navigation were advances in shipbuilding
    • Europeans learned to build ships that rode lower in water than earlier ships
    • Deep-draft ships could withstand heavier waves; also had larger cargo holds

    Caravels
    • Caravel, light, fast sailing ship; two features made it highly maneuverable
    • Steered with rudder at stern, rather than with side oars
    • Also lateen, triangular, sails; could be turned to catch wind from any direction

    Popular for Exploratory Voyages


    • Caravel would also be equipped with weapons, including cannons
    • Ships could face off against hostile ships at sea
    • Maneuverability, defensive ability made caravel most popular for exploring
    Risks of exploration

     Inaccurate maps!
     Storms!
     Diseases like scurvy! (from a lack of
    fresh fruit and veg)
     Running out of food entirely!
     Getting lost!
    Daily Life of an Explorer

     Icky food: salt pork, cheese, fish, ale,


    and stale biscuits
     Possible threat of mutiny
     Cramped conditions!
     Low pay!
     Stiff punishments for disobedience!
    Where did they go?
    Bartolomeu Dias
     Rounded the southern tip of Africa
     Sailed for Portugal
    Vasco da Gama
     Was the first European to
    reach Calicut, India by sea
    Christopher Columbus
    Christopher Columbus
    Italian Sailor Columbus’ First Voyage

    • Spain also eager to seek out new • Columbus reached island in


    routes to riches of East Caribbean after about two months at
    • 1492, Spanish rulers agreed to pay for sea
    voyage by Italian sailor Christopher • Thought he had reached Asian
    Columbus islands known as Indies; called
    • Columbus believed he could sail west people living there Indians
    from Spain, reach China • 1493, returned to Spain with exotic
    • Correct in theory, but figures he items, including parrots, jewels, gold,
    presented about earth’s size wrong plants unknown in Europe
    • Also had no idea the Americas lay • Spanish believed Columbus found
    across Atlantic new route to Asia, hailed him as hero
    Results of Voyages

    Columbus—three more voyages to Americas


     Still believed he had reached Asia
     Error not realized until about 1502
     Explorer Amerigo Vespucci sailed coast of South America,
    concluded it was not Asia
     Mapmakers later named land America in his honor
     Knowing they had found new land, Spanish set out to
    explore it
    Vasco Nunez de Balboa
     Marched through
    Panama to the Pacific
    Ocean
    Magellan
    Ferdinand Magellan
    After Balboa’s discovery, the Spanish realized they needed to cross another ocean
    to reach Asia.

    West Around World Perilous Voyage


    • What Spanish did not know was • Journey long, difficult; some men
    how large ocean might be mutinied, rebelled

    • Daring adventurer, Ferdinand • Magellan killed in fight with


    Magellan decided to sail west Philippine natives; his men sailed on
    around world
    • 1522, 18 survivors of original fleet
    • 1519, Magellan set out from Spain arrived back in Spain, first to
    with five ships, 250 men circumnavigate world
    Treaty of Tordesillas
     Spain and Portugal competing for new
    territory
     Pope tries to keep the peace between the
    two by dividing up the new territory using
    longitude
     Spain focuses all it’s efforts in the New
    World, west of the treaty line
     Portugal sends most of it’s fleet to Asia
    Portuguese Battles!

     European ships battle the local peoples as well as


    each other!
     Portugal extends control over the Asian territories.
    They defeat the Muslim traders because they added
    cannons to their ships!
     Portuguese build an important trading fort an
    Hormuz which blocks the Muslim traders!
     They win the city of Malacca (Malaysia) giving them
    control of the Spice Islands!
    Portugal Crushes the Muslim-Italian
    Trade
     Alfonso de Albuquerque, a Portuguese sea-captain preps
    his crew for attack by saying,
     “If we deprive them (Muslims) of this their
    ancient market there, there does not remain for
    them a single port in the whole of these parts,
    where they can carry on their trade in these
    things…I hold it as very certain that if we take
    this trade of Malacca away out of their hands,
    Cairo and Mecca are entirely ruined, and to
    Venice will no spiceries…be…conveyed except
    that which her merchants go and buy in
    Portugal!”
    The English

    The English Sir Francis Drake


    • 1497, first major English voyage of • English soon realized they had
    discovery launched reached an unknown land, not Asia
    • John Cabot sailed to Atlantic coast of • Queen sent Sir Francis Drake out
    what is now Canada • After stop in what is now California,
    • Tried to repeat voyage; fleet Drake sailed north to seek route
    vanished, presumably sunk around North America

    The weather was too cold, and he ended up heading west around the world to get
    back to England. He became the second man to circumnavigate the globe.
    The English and Henry Hudson
    • England wanted to find shorter route to Asia than Magellan found
    • England sent Dutch-born sailor Henry Hudson
    • 1607, Hudson set out to north
    • Hoped to find Northeast Passage around Europe
    • Found nothing but ice, returned to England
    • Later made two more voyages for English, one for Dutch

    The French The Dutch


    • Also wanted to find passage to Asia • By 1600s Netherlands powerful
    • Sent explorers to look for Northwest trading nation, hoped to find new
    Passage products, trading partners

    • 1534, Jacques Cartier sailed past • 1609, Henry Hudson set out to find
    Newfoundland into St. Lawrence Northwest Passage
    River, claimed land as province of • Did not find passage, but did explore
    New France, now Canada river now named for him
    Explorers and their Routes

    Chapter 16, section 1, pages 472-473


    Scramble!

     Noticing how rich the Portuguese and Spanish are


    getting, the other European countries now begin
    in earnest to grab up the new territories and
    establish trading forts!
     Each country begins building more ships.
     The Dutch, English, and French establish their own
    East India Companies.
     These companies the power to mint money, make
    peace treaties, and even raise their own armies!
    Dutch Battles!
     Since Portugal has now become the clear leader in
    Asia, the other countries attack their ships or
    trading posts.
     The Dutch and English fleets attack the Portuguese.
     The Dutch now have the largest fleet of ships in the
    world.
     The Dutch make their home base on Java Island and
    begin to put pressure on the Portuguese.
     They take the port of Malacca and the valuable
    Spice Islands from the Portuguese.
    The English

     As the Dutch expand in the Asian


    area, the English focus on
    expanding trade in India.
     The English developed a successful
    trade of Indian cloth in Europe.
    Effects

     Foreign influence is mostly in the port


    cities.
     Native culture inland is mostly
    unaffected.
     Globalization begins…

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