Chapter 7

The Internet, Intranets,

and Extranets

by:
Shara Jane Lim Aying
Use and Functioning of the Internet
 Internet: a collection of interconnected
networks, all freely exchanging information
 ARPANET
• The ancestor of the Internet
• A project started by the U.S. Department of
Defense (DoD) in 1969
 Internet Protocol (IP): communication
standard that enables traffic to be routed from
one network to another as needed
Brief History of the Internet
How the Internet Works
 How the Internet Works
 Data is passed in chunks called packets
 Internet Protocol (IP): communications
standard that enables traffic to be routed from
one network to another as needed
 Transmission Control Protocol (TCP):
widely used transport-layer protocol that is
used in combination with IP by most Internet
applications
 Uniform Resource Locator (URL): an
assigned address on the Internet for each
computer
Ways to Access the Internet
 Internet Service Providers
 ISP: any company that provides individuals
or organizations with access to the Internet
 Most charge a monthly fee
 Many ISPs and online services offer
broadband Internet access through digital
subscriber lines (DSLs), cable, or satellite
transmission
 The World Wide Web
 Developer: Tim Berners-Lee
 Also called the Web, WWW, or W3
 Menu-based system that uses the
client/server model
 Organizes Internet resources throughout
the world into a series of menu pages, or
screens, that appear on your computer
 WWW Terminologies
 Home page - the cover page for a Web site that has graphics,
titles, colored text, etc.
 Hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) -allows shared
communication of text, full-color graphics, tables, forms, video,
and animation
 Browsers -software to access the Web
 Applet - small program embedded in Web pages
 Web browser plug-in - external program that is executed by
a Web browser when it is needed
 WWW Terminologies
 Hypermedia: tools that connect the data on Web pages,
allowing users to access topics in whatever order they
wish
 Hypertext Markup Language (HTML): standard page
description language for Web pages
 HTML tags: let the browser know how to format text on a
Web page and whether images, sound, and other
elements should be inserted
 Extensible Markup Language (XML): markup language
for Web documents containing structured information,
including words, pictures, and other elements
Search Engines & Web Research
 Search engine: Web search tool
 Most search engines are free
 Searches can use words, such as AND and OR
to refine the search
 Meta-search engine: submits keywords to
several individual search engines and returns
results from all these search engines
 SEO (Search engine optimization, the process
of improving ranking in search engine results)
has become a valuable marketing tool
Popular Search Engines
 E-Mail, IM, and Video Chat

 E-mail
• No longer limited to simple text messages
• Can embed sound and images
• Can attach files

 Instant messaging: online, real-time

communication between two or more
people who are connected to the Internet
Career Information and Job Searching

 Job sites in the Philippines

 Telnet, SSH, and FTP
 Telnet
• Network protocol that enables users to log on to
networks remotely over the Internet
 Secure Shell (SSH)
• Provides Telnet functionality through a more
secure connection
 File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
• Supports file transfers between a host and a
remote computer
 Web Log (Blog), Video Log
(Vlog), and Podcasting
 Web log (blog)
• Web site that people create and use to
write about their observations,
experiences, and feelings on a wide
range of topics

 Podcast
• Audio broadcast over the Internet
• An audio blog
 Usenet and Newsgroups
 Usenet
• Uses e-mail to provide a centralized news
service
• Topic are called newsgroups
• Protocol that describes how groups of
messages can be stored on and sent
between computers
 Chat Rooms
 Enable two or more people to engage in
interactive “conversations” over the
Internet

 Internet Relay Chat (IRC)

• Requires participants to type their
conversation rather than speak
 Internet Phone and
Videoconferencing Services
 Internet phone service
• Relatively inexpensive, especially for
international calls
 Voice-over-IP (VoIP) technology
• Network managers can route phone calls and
fax transmissions over the same network they
use for data
 Internet videoconferencing
• Supports both voice and visual communications
Social Networks
Media Sharing
Social Bookmarking
 Content Streaming
 Method for transferring multimedia files, radio
broadcasts, and other content over the Internet
 Data stream of voice and pictures plays more or
less continuously without a break, or with very
few breaks
 Enables users to browse large files in real time
 Works best when the transmission of a file can
keep up with the playback of the file
 Shopping on the Web
 You can shop for almost anything over the
Internet
 Convenient, easy, and cost effective
 Many Web sites also offer free shipping and
pickup for returned items
 Bot: a software tool that searches the Web
for information, products, or prices
• Finds the best prices or features from multiple
Web sites
Web Auctions
Music, Radio, Video, and TV on
the Internet
 Radio broadcasts are now available on
the Internet
 Video and TV are also becoming
available
 Internet Protocol Television (IPTV)
protocol
• Used to put TV programming on the Internet
 E-Books and Audio Books
 Digital books, both in text and audio form
• Are growing in popularity thanks to
appealing devices and services

 Audio books
• Have become more popular due to the
popularity of the iPod and services like
audible.com
 Other Internet Services and
Applications
 Libraries: provide vast amounts of information
 Movies: ordered and delivered over the
Internet
 Critical information during times of disaster or
terrorism
 Translation: words, sentences, or complete
documents from one language into another
 Distance learning: online courses
 INTRANETS & EXTRANETS
 Intranet
• Internal corporate network built using
Internet and WWW standards and
technologies

 Extranet
• Network that links selected resources of the
intranet of a company with its customers,
suppliers, or other business partners
Virtual Private Network
 Net Issues
 Management issues
• Preventing attacks
 Service and speed issues
• Keeping up with Internet traffic and traffic on company
intranets
 Privacy, fraud, security, and unauthorized Internet
sites
• People and companies are reluctant to embrace the
Internet unless these issues are successfully addressed
End of Chapter Seven
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