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The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets: By: Shara Jane Lim Aying

This chapter discusses the history and functioning of the Internet. It begins by explaining what the Internet is - a collection of interconnected networks freely exchanging information. It describes how the ARPANET was the ancestor of the Internet and how the Internet Protocol (IP) enables routing between networks. It then provides a brief history and explains how data is transmitted over the Internet in packets using protocols like TCP and IP. It discusses ways to access the Internet through Internet Service Providers and the development and functioning of the World Wide Web. The chapter concludes by covering intranets, extranets, and some issues regarding managing and securing networks.

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53 views35 pages

The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets: By: Shara Jane Lim Aying

This chapter discusses the history and functioning of the Internet. It begins by explaining what the Internet is - a collection of interconnected networks freely exchanging information. It describes how the ARPANET was the ancestor of the Internet and how the Internet Protocol (IP) enables routing between networks. It then provides a brief history and explains how data is transmitted over the Internet in packets using protocols like TCP and IP. It discusses ways to access the Internet through Internet Service Providers and the development and functioning of the World Wide Web. The chapter concludes by covering intranets, extranets, and some issues regarding managing and securing networks.

Uploaded by

Saying26
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 7

The Internet, Intranets,


and Extranets

by:
Shara Jane Lim Aying
Use and Functioning of the Internet
 Internet: a collection of interconnected
networks, all freely exchanging information
 ARPANET
• The ancestor of the Internet
• A project started by the U.S. Department of
Defense (DoD) in 1969
 Internet Protocol (IP): communication
standard that enables traffic to be routed from
one network to another as needed
Brief History of the Internet
How the Internet Works
How the Internet Works
 Data is passed in chunks called packets
 Internet Protocol (IP): communications
standard that enables traffic to be routed from
one network to another as needed
 Transmission Control Protocol (TCP):
widely used transport-layer protocol that is
used in combination with IP by most Internet
applications
 Uniform Resource Locator (URL): an
assigned address on the Internet for each
computer
Ways to Access the Internet
Internet Service Providers
 ISP: any company that provides individuals
or organizations with access to the Internet
 Most charge a monthly fee
 Many ISPs and online services offer
broadband Internet access through digital
subscriber lines (DSLs), cable, or satellite
transmission
The World Wide Web
 Developer: Tim Berners-Lee
 Also called the Web, WWW, or W3
 Menu-based system that uses the
client/server model
 Organizes Internet resources throughout
the world into a series of menu pages, or
screens, that appear on your computer
WWW Terminologies
 Home page - the cover page for a Web site that has graphics,
titles, colored text, etc.
 Hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) -allows shared
communication of text, full-color graphics, tables, forms, video,
and animation
 Browsers -software to access the Web
 Applet - small program embedded in Web pages
 Web browser plug-in - external program that is executed by
a Web browser when it is needed
WWW Terminologies
 Hypermedia: tools that connect the data on Web pages,
allowing users to access topics in whatever order they
wish
 Hypertext Markup Language (HTML): standard page
description language for Web pages
 HTML tags: let the browser know how to format text on a
Web page and whether images, sound, and other
elements should be inserted
 Extensible Markup Language (XML): markup language
for Web documents containing structured information,
including words, pictures, and other elements
Search Engines & Web Research
 Search engine: Web search tool
 Most search engines are free
 Searches can use words, such as AND and OR
to refine the search
 Meta-search engine: submits keywords to
several individual search engines and returns
results from all these search engines
 SEO (Search engine optimization, the process
of improving ranking in search engine results)
has become a valuable marketing tool
Popular Search Engines
E-Mail, IM, and Video Chat

 E-mail
• No longer limited to simple text messages
• Can embed sound and images
• Can attach files

 Instant messaging: online, real-time


communication between two or more
people who are connected to the Internet
Career Information and Job Searching

 Job sites in the Philippines


Telnet, SSH, and FTP
 Telnet
• Network protocol that enables users to log on to
networks remotely over the Internet
 Secure Shell (SSH)
• Provides Telnet functionality through a more
secure connection
 File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
• Supports file transfers between a host and a
remote computer
Web Log (Blog), Video Log
(Vlog), and Podcasting
 Web log (blog)
• Web site that people create and use to
write about their observations,
experiences, and feelings on a wide
range of topics

 Podcast
• Audio broadcast over the Internet
• An audio blog
Usenet and Newsgroups
 Usenet
• Uses e-mail to provide a centralized news
service
• Topic are called newsgroups
• Protocol that describes how groups of
messages can be stored on and sent
between computers
Chat Rooms
 Enable two or more people to engage in
interactive “conversations” over the
Internet

 Internet Relay Chat (IRC)


• Requires participants to type their
conversation rather than speak
Internet Phone and
Videoconferencing Services
 Internet phone service
• Relatively inexpensive, especially for
international calls
 Voice-over-IP (VoIP) technology
• Network managers can route phone calls and
fax transmissions over the same network they
use for data
 Internet videoconferencing
• Supports both voice and visual communications
Social Networks
Media Sharing
Social Bookmarking
Content Streaming
 Method for transferring multimedia files, radio
broadcasts, and other content over the Internet
 Data stream of voice and pictures plays more or
less continuously without a break, or with very
few breaks
 Enables users to browse large files in real time
 Works best when the transmission of a file can
keep up with the playback of the file
Shopping on the Web
 You can shop for almost anything over the
Internet
 Convenient, easy, and cost effective
 Many Web sites also offer free shipping and
pickup for returned items
 Bot: a software tool that searches the Web
for information, products, or prices
• Finds the best prices or features from multiple
Web sites
Web Auctions
Music, Radio, Video, and TV on
the Internet
 Radio broadcasts are now available on
the Internet
 Video and TV are also becoming
available
 Internet Protocol Television (IPTV)
protocol
• Used to put TV programming on the Internet
E-Books and Audio Books
 Digital books, both in text and audio form
• Are growing in popularity thanks to
appealing devices and services

 Audio books
• Have become more popular due to the
popularity of the iPod and services like
audible.com
Other Internet Services and
Applications
 Libraries: provide vast amounts of information
 Movies: ordered and delivered over the
Internet
 Critical information during times of disaster or
terrorism
 Translation: words, sentences, or complete
documents from one language into another
 Distance learning: online courses
INTRANETS & EXTRANETS
 Intranet
• Internal corporate network built using
Internet and WWW standards and
technologies

 Extranet
• Network that links selected resources of the
intranet of a company with its customers,
suppliers, or other business partners
Virtual Private Network
Net Issues
 Management issues
• Preventing attacks
 Service and speed issues
• Keeping up with Internet traffic and traffic on company
intranets
 Privacy, fraud, security, and unauthorized Internet
sites
• People and companies are reluctant to embrace the
Internet unless these issues are successfully addressed
End of Chapter Seven
Questions???

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